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| 2. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Borgstrom, E. W., et al.
(författare)
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CD4(+) T cell proliferative responses to PPD and CFP-10 associate with recent M. tuberculosis infection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tuberculosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-9792 .- 1873-281X. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon-gamma release assays cannot differentiate latent from active tuberculosis (TB), nor identify the recently infected with increased risk of active disease. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers of recent infection following exposure to tuberculosis, to increase the positive predictive value for incipient TB. Contacts to patients with pulmonary TB were tested repeatedly with interferon-gamma release assays and flow-cytometry. Proliferative CD4(+) T cell responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) and 11 M. tuberculosis antigens were analysed. The individual probability of recent and remote infection was estimated using clinical data in a novel mathematical model and compared with CD4(+) responses in a prediction model. The most specific prediction of recent infection was high CD4(+) proliferative responses to CFP-10 and PPD and a low CD4(+) response to ESAT-6. CD4(+) proliferative responses to Rec85a, Rec85b and Rv1284 were also observed in recent infection, but did not reach significance in the prediction model. Conclusions: High CD4(+) proliferative responses to CFP-10 and PPD and a low response to ESAT-6 may be used as biomarkers to improve positive predictive values for recent LTBI and thus, increased risk of incipient TB. Rec85a, Rec85b and Rv1284 are also of interest to study further in this context.
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| 7. |
- Borgstrom, F, et al.
(författare)
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The cost-effectiveness of risedronate in the treatment of osteoporosis: an international perspective
- 2006
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 17:7, s. 996-1007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Risedronate, a bisphosphonate for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, has been shown in several clinical trials to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The cost-effectiveness of risedronate treatment has previously been evaluated within different country settings using different model and analysis approaches. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of risedronate in postmenopausal women in four European countries-Sweden, Finland, Spain, and Belgium-by making use of the same modelling framework and analysis setup. Methods: A previously developed Markov cohort model for the evaluation of osteoporosis treatments was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of risedronate treatment. For each country, the model was populated with local mortality, fracture incidence, and cost data. Hip fractures, clinical vertebral fractures, and wrist fractures were included in the model. Results: The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained from a 5-year intervention with risedronate compared to "no intervention" in 70-year-old women at the threshold of osteoporosis [T-score = -2.5 based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III data] and previous vertebral fracture was estimated to be E860, E19,532, E11,782, and E32,515 in Sweden, Finland, Belgium, and Spain, respectively. Among 70-year-old women at the threshold of osteoporosis without previous fracture the estimated cost per QALY gained ranged from E21,148 (Sweden) to E80,100 (Spain). The differences in cost-effectiveness between countries are mainly explained by different costs (fracture and treatment costs), fracture risks, and discount rates. Based on cost per QALY gained threshold values found in the literature, the study results indicated risedronate to be cost effective in the treatment of elderly women with established osteoporosis in all the included countries. Conclusions: At a hypothetical threshold value of E40,000 per QALY gained, the results in this study indicate that risedronate is a cost-effective treatment in elderly women at the threshold of osteoporosis (i.e., a T-score of -2.5) with prevalent vertebral fractures in Sweden, Finland, Belgium, and Spain.
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| 9. |
- Borgstrom, M., et al.
(författare)
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Electron donor-acceptor dyads and triads based on tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and benzoquinone : Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced electron transfer reactions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 42:17, s. 5173-5184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two electron donor-acceptor triads based on a benzoquinone acceptor linked to a light absorbing [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) complex have been synthesized. In triad 6 (denoted Ru-II-BQ-Co-III), a [Co(bpy)(3)](3+) complex, a potential secondary acceptor, was linked to the quinone. In the other triad, 8 (denoted PTZ-Ru-II-BQ), a phenothiazine donor was linked to the ruthenium moiety. The corresponding dyads Ru-II-BQ (4) and PTZ-Ru-II (9) were prepared for comparison. Upon light excitation in the visible band of the ruthenium moiety, electron transfer to the quinone occurred with a rate constant k(1) = 5 x 10(9) s(-1) (tau(1) = 200 ps) in all the quinone containing complexes. Recombination to the ground state followed, with a rate constant k(b) similar to 4.5 x 10(8) s(-1) (tau(b) similar to 2.2 ns), for both Ru-II-BQ and Ru-II-BQ-Co-III with no indication of a charge shift to generate the reduced Coll moiety. In the PTZ-Ru-II-BQ triad, however, the initial charge separation was followed by a rapid (k > 5 x 10(9) s(-1)) electron transfer from the phenothiazine moiety to give the fairly long-lived PTZ(.+)-Ru-II-BQ(.-) state (tau = 80 ns) in unusually high yield for a [Ru(bPY)(3)](2+)- based triad (> 90%), that lies at DeltaGdegrees = 1.32 eV relative to the ground state. Unfortunately, this triad turned out to be rather photolabile. Interestingly, coupling between the oxidized PTZ(.+) and the BQ(.-) moieties seemed to occur. This discouraged further extension to incorporate more redox active units. Finally, in the dyad PTZ-Ru-II a reversible, near isoergonic electron transfer was observed on excitation. Thus, a quasiequilibrium was established with an observed time constant of 7 ns, with ca. 82% of the population in the PTZ-Ru-*(II) state and 18% in the PTZ(.+)Ru(II)(bpy(.-)) state. These states decayed in parallel with an observed lifetime of 90 ns. The initial electron transfer to form the PTZ(.+)-Ru-II(bpy(.-)) state was thus faster than what would have been inferred from the Ru-*(II) emission decay (tau = 90 ns). This result suggests that reports for related PTZ-Ru-II and PTZ-Ru-II-acceptor complexes in the literature might need to be reconsidered.
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