| 1. |
- Oras, Paola
(författare)
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Care for the New-Born : Breastfeeding and Skin-to-Skin Contact
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breastfeeding is associated with improved health in mothers and children and human milk is especially beneficial for preterm infants. The vast majority of pregnant women in Sweden intend to breastfeed, but breastfeeding rates are suboptimal, with even lower rates for preterm infants.The overall aim of this thesis was to describe breastfeeding patterns of preterm and term infants and to evaluate an intervention based on the Ten steps to successful breastfeeding on breastfeeding outcomes.In Paper I, mothers of preterm infants reported large variations in breastfeeding frequencies and patterns. The median breastfeeding frequencies from birth to six months ranged from 10–14 times per 24 hours with the majority practicing on demand breastfeeding.In Paper II the median daily duration of skin-to-skin contact in preterm infants during the hospital stay was associated with earlier breastfeeding attainment. Infants commenced full breastfeeding at a median postmenstrual age of 35+0 weeks (range 32+1 to 37+5). Breastfeeding duration was shorter than national statistics.Paper III describes the development and implementation of a breastfeeding support program for term and preterm infants using Intervention Mapping. The method was time-consuming, but allowed for a solid theoretical base, high involvement of stakeholders and was sufficiently comprehensive.Paper IV included term infants at age two months and their mothers and consisted of a baseline group and intervention group. Mothers reported large variations in breastfeeding frequencies and patterns. Mothers in the intervention group breastfed more frequently, in median 14 times compared to 11 times in the baseline group, and they also practiced on demand breastfeeding to a larger extent. Mothers with exclusive breastfeeding reported higher self -efficacy.This thesis provides a better understanding of breastfeeding patterns in preterm and term infants and it demonstrates that breastfeeding frequencies and on demand breastfeeding can be influenced with improved breastfeeding support. For preterm infants, breastfeeding attainment is facilitated by skin-to-skin-contact and they have the capability to breastfeed at a low postmenstrual age. This thesis also demonstrates a possible link between breastfeeding patterns and mothers’ ability to interpret infant cues. Intervention Mapping is a useful tool in the development of breastfeeding support programs.
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| 2. |
- Dybwad Brandrud, Marius
(författare)
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Örat nära munnen : samtal mellan film och filosofi
- 2024
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Doktorandprojektet är en studie i och genom filmiska samtal. Det genomförs i relation till samtalets roll i lärandet av filosofi. Medan filosofi oftast antar individuellt skriven form studeras hur filmiska samtal kan fungera som filosofiskt uttryck, främst utifrån filmen Samtal om samtal som är projektets huvudmaterial. Filmen börjar i ett försök att prata om hur vi pratar med varandra på seminariet, och i en förlängning hur det kan bestämma vilken filosofi som alls blir möjlig: Vem talar och vem lyssnar? Vilka erfarenheter räknas och vilka idéer är välkomna? Samtidigt är samtalet inte bara av intresse som praktik utan också som uttryck. Ibland sägs något i samtalet som inte skulle bli sagt annars. Vad skulle hända om samtal, som ett slags gemensamt sägande, kunde utgöra ett filosofiskt uttryck i egen rätt, liksom den individuellt skrivna texten? Hur skulle ett sådant uttryck i så fall alls kunna ta form? Skulle det kunna göras med film? I och genom studiens filmiska samtal leder detta också vidare till frågor om representation och ansvar: Vad är det att göra film om eller med någon? Hur påverkas de som är del av en film och vad gör den på egen hand? Vad är det att ta ansvar i det filmiska arbetet och för den film som blir till? Utöver Samtal om samtal läggs texten Eftertext fram. Den försätter studien kring samma frågeställningar, men försöker därigenom också svara an till det filmiska arbetet i Samtal om samtal. Eftertext hänvisar även till filmerna Ett jag som säger vi och Rehearsals samt dokumentet Transkription. Dessa ingår som appendix då de utgör delstudier i arbetet med Samtal om samtal.
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| 3. |
- Pröckl, Maria, 1964-
(författare)
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Tyngd, sväng och empatisk timing : förskollärares kroppsliga kunskaper
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In what way is knowledge embodied and what role does embodied knowledge play in interpersonal professional practices? In this thesis, practical and embodied knowledge of preschool teachers is investigated as an example of a profession where relational and bodily situated knowledge is significant.The questions, from where my point of departure is taken, are for instance: How does a skilful preschool teacher act? What approach in terms of embodied knowledge is needed if one wants to give care, trust and offer a child a sense of we? Are there dimensions of embodied knowledge that are present only in situations that appear negative? This thesis belongs to the academic discipline The Theory of Practical Knowledge. Practical Knowledge in often described as experience based, bodily carried, situated and tied to our emotional life. The Theory of Practical knowledge tries to frame and explain these aspects of knowledge in the situations and contexts where they occur. The importance of embodied knowledge, as a form of practical knowledge in relation to preschool teachers professional development, is not a theme that has been scrutinized in other research. In the light of a presupposition that knowledge is bodily carried (a presupposition that is founded in experiences of dance and a phenomenological influenced theoretical base) and that practical wisdom and skill in interpersonal practices exists only in action, this thesis is built upon a concern regarding whether values embedded in these practises could be threatened as a result of the difficulty to grasp them. The forms of embodied knowledge possessed by the preschool teachers in this study appear as relational and situated in the co-embodied space in between the preschool teacher and the child, or, more correctly, between everyone in the group. In the interaction enabled by the good relationship the embodied forms of knowledge express themselves as mastery, a skill honed by care that I have chosen to describe using terms such as groove, weight, and empathetic timing.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kristensson, Anette, 1977-
(författare)
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Barn och djur i den karnofallogocentriska ordningen : En barndomsfilosofisk studie i Jacques Derridas tänkande
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyzes the concepts of the child and the animal at the border of the definition of human. This is achieved through an interdisciplinary perspective that combines childhood philosophy, psychoanalytic theory, and critical animal studies. Throughout the relatively short history of childhood studies the focus has been on how the concept of the child is stuck within the tracks of a binary thinking, structured around the dichotomy between child and adult. This thesis addresses once again this enduring problem surrounding the dichotomy between the child and the adult, in the hope of rendering their relation more complex, undecidable and ambiguous. The thesis employs Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of the binary thinking of western metaphysics to shed light on the stakes of this kind of thinking. Derrida describes the structure of dichotomies, which lay at the foundation of western thought, as a hierarchical relation in which one functions as the master term while the other is defined in its difference to the first. To show how this works, the thesis uses Derrida’s late writings on the animal. In these texts, he describes an abyssal opposition between men and what he calls the animal. The animal is defined by its lack of human capabilities, such as speech and reason. To this I add the concept of the child because the child is often said to lack these same capabilities also. Both the animal and the child are something we, by way of civilization and domestication, are supposed to overcome and therefore repress. Derrida’s late writings of the animal are used in this thesis because the structure of repression is drawn to its extreme with regard to the animal – grown up human beings kill and eat animals just because they are animals. Derrida pinpoints the concept of the animal as a cruel generalization without any nuances of differences between, for example, the protozoon and the chimpanzee. This is not only a cruel generalization of animals but also, on the other side, a naïve assurance for man. Not even the child fits into the description of the human being that is defined through its separation from the animal. Derrida is not explicit about the child, it is not a theme in his written texts, but this explores how the child is present, at least implicitly in his most famous deconstruction of western logocentric thinking. Derrida says, in passing, that the animal is substitutable for the child, or the women or the slave. A key concept in this thesis is carnophallogocentrism, a term that ties together much of Derrida’s relatively diverse philosophical interests – from his early language oriented deconstruction of logocentrism to his late, ethico-political work on the animal. He only mentions the concept a few times in passing and it has not received much exegetical attention in the commentaries on Derrida. This thesis attempts to fill this gap as well as to trace the child in these structures. The child that appears in this thesis’ reading of Derrida has a destabilizing potential when understood to be both inside and outside this human order. It even has the potential to open our eyes to other futures.
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| 6. |
- Westin, Martin, 1974-
(författare)
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Rethinking power in participatory planning : Towards reflective practice
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High hopes for democracy and sustainability are placed on participatory planning. Policy makers and scholars argue that broad participation can revitalise democracy and tackle sustainability challenges. Yet, critics claim that power asymmetries stand in the way of realising the potential of participatory planning. In the everyday practices of planning, this controversy comes to a head. Here, planners interact with citizens, politicians and developers around making choices about places and societies. Planners’ practices are contested and they are challenged by the complexity of power relations. They need conceptual tools to critically reflect on what power is and when it is legitimate. Reflective practice is a prerequisite for making situated judgements under conditions of contestation.Yet, the planning theories, which are most influential in practice, have not been developed with the intention of conceptualising power. Rational planning theory, which still is influential in practice, largely reduces planning into a technical power-free activity. Communicative planning theory, which underpins participatory practices, instead suggests that expert power ought to be complemented by inclusive dialogue. This theory criticises hierarchical power relations as domination, without providing elaborated understanding of other facets of power. Hence, the conceptual support for reflective practice is too reductive.The aim of this thesis is to rethink power in participatory planning by developing concepts that can enable reflective practice. I draw on power theory and explore the utility of treating power as a family resemblance concept in participatory planning. Applying this plural view, I develop a family of power concepts, which signifies different ideas of what power is. The usefulness of this “power family” is tested through frame analysis of communicative planning theory and Swedish participatory planning policy and practice.The result of the research is a family of power concepts that can enable reflective practice. Power to signifies a dispositional ability to act, which planning actors derive from social order. This ability can be exercised as consensual power with or as conflictual power over. The latter is conceptualised as an empirical process which, on a basic level, can be normatively appraised as illegitimate or legitimate.This thesis contributes to planning theory and environmental communication by problematising reductive notions of power and, as an alternative, rethinking power as a family resemblance concept. This theoretical contribution matters to planning practice as it can enable planners to develop their ability to be sensitive to what a situation requires, i.e. to acquire practical wisdom (phronesis).
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| 7. |
- Zetterqvist Blokhuis, Mari, 1951-
(författare)
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Interaction between rider, horse and equestrian trainer : a challenging puzzle
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the complex and challenging relationships between rider, horse and equestrian trainer in the context of teaching horse riding. What strategies and methods do equestrian trainers use to support the riders’ understanding of, and performance with, their horses? What role is the horse assigned in this form of interaction? Operating at the intersection between practical knowledge and human-animal studies, the thesis adopts an ethnographic approach, and seeks to develop theories of practical knowledge in the practice of teaching riding.Horse riding relies on embodied and “tacit” knowledge, which is achieved through practical experience, and is personal as well as context dependent. Since this kind of knowledge is (in most cases) difficult to completely express in words, it is also difficult to convey. “Equestrian feel” is a part of tacit knowledge and is considered as the most rewarding aspect of equestrian communication. Although horse riding has been taught for hundreds of years, knowledge about the learning situation during riding lessons, is sorely lacking. The results show that, as a subject and as an active participant in rider-horse communication, the horse is not directly addressed in the current education of rider-horse combinations. It is concluded that new teaching strategies are required, so that greater emphasis is placed on “equestrian feel” and on how riders experience their own as well as their horses’ bodies and minds. Furthermore, equestrian trainers need to improve their skills to make explicit to the rider why they choose to give certain instructions, thus contributing to the further development of a rider’s practical wisdom (phronesis).Equestrian cultures are in transition, and traditional systems of training rider-horse combinations are being challenged. The use of horses for sport raises ethical questions and it may be time for sport riders to seriously re-examine and re-evaluate the relation with their horses and how this affects the horse as a conscious and sensitive animal. This thesis is expected to contribute to improved teaching strategies and methods and thus to promote better welfare for both horse and rider.
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| 8. |
- Bornemark, Jonna
(författare)
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Kunskapens gräns, gränsens vetande : En fenomenologisk undersökning av transcendens och kroppslighet
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The limit between the proper and the foreign – how this limit is established, but also crossed and dissolved – has remained a crucial issue in phenomenology. Setting these questions in the context of the phenomenology of religion, this thesis develops an analysis of the relation between transcendence and body understood in terms of a certain limit. The introductory part is rooted in Edmund Husserl’s discussions of the concept of transcendence, which is shown to have an essential connection to the analysis of inner time-consciousness. Here we encounter a decisive limit to objectifying knowledge, which also comes across in his investigations of the body and its spatiality. The second part discusses Max Scheler’s critique of Husserl’s excessively objectifying view of knowledge, with a particular focus on Scheler’s understanding of love as a condition of possibility for any knowledge. Scheler is shown to have developed a new concept of transcendence that avoids the pitfalls of objectivism, although in his philosophy of religion he tends to downplay the importance of the body. The third part undertakes a reading of Edith Stein, who develops ideas similar to Scheler’s, though in a phenomenologically more nuanced fashion. Although her philosophy of religion also bypasses the body, Stein provides a more genuine access to the writings of the mystics, the analysis of which forms the core of the fourth and concluding part. Drawing on the work of the 13th century Beguine Mechthild of Magdeburg, this concluding chapter develops a phenomenological understanding of religion with an emphasis on transcendence and limit, while also retaining the centrality of our experience of the body. This means: a phenomenology of the limit is investigated, rather than a limit of phenomenology.
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| 9. |
- Nevanti, Kirsi
(författare)
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In Real Life (Or Elsewhere) : om kreativa processer och parallella verkligheter i dokumentärfilm
- 2017
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reality isn’t what it appears to be. Contexts are not always clear and visible. People don’t always say what they really mean. And they don’t always mean what they say. When life is your stage manager, anything can happen. I often say, life is hard, my head is harder. Making documentaries is not for the faint-hearted.This PhD project explores creative processes and parallel realities in documentary film, and discusses and conceptualizes the artistic practice of documentary filmmaking. The project consists in part of artistic works and essays that are critical reflections on the creative process and how that process can be conceptualized. The cinematic centerpiece of the thesis is entitled Images and the Worlds of Being (2011–2016). Previous subprojects are A Shift Between Worlds (2013–2015) and an essay book entitled In Real Life (or Elsewhere) (2013). Between 2013 and 2017, more essays were written, some of them translated to English. All the Swedish essays are available in PDF format. All of the works in the PhD project explore creative processes and parallel realities in two different ways: A Shift Between Worlds (2013–2015) explores identity and parallel realities in the gendered world. These works are based on two workshops led by Diane Torr, “Man for a Day” and “Woman for a Day.” They resulted in several component works, including two video essays, two audio works and two large-format photographic works, the latter in collaboration with photographer Johan Bergmark, as well as a short commentary film entitled Diane Speaks Out (2016). Images and the Worlds of Being (2011–2016) – a VR Classic Style film – explores what happens when documentary images are shown on four screens forming the walls of a room. This work also focuses on the view through the camera lens through which the filmmaker meets the world, in a hypnotic tapestry of parallel realities in a tenderly portrayed, runaway present. A sort of logical reasoning about the illogic of our era, in search of elusive reality (to paraphrase Jean Baudrillard) – the presence in the act of seeing. An experiment in the forms of visual knowledge, outside the traditional display windows. Shooting location: The World.
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| 10. |
- Wiberg, Sofia, 1977-
(författare)
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Lyssnandets praktik : Medborgardialog, icke-vetande och förskjutningar
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dialogforskning och planeringspraktik pekas det ofta på vikten av att skapa fler forum för att ”ge röst” till invånargrupper i syfte att skapa mer politiskt jämlika processer, stärka demokrati och social hållbarhet (Abrahamsson, 2015) samtidigt som mindre fokus sätts på de praktiker och vanor som avgör vad som kan höras. Det är en omöjlighet att lyssna på allt, ett lyssnande innebär därmed alltid ett sorterande där vissa saker får utrymme och annat blir bortsorterat (Palmås och von Bush, 2015). Lyssnandet har samtidigt inte fått lika mycket uppmärksamhet som något politiskt utan har oftare förknippats med något passivt, till skillnad från rösten och språket som är förknippat med akten att skriva, läsa eller tala. Lyssnandet faller därför lätt in i en förenklad binaritet mellan aktivitet eller passivitet vilket har hindrat lyssnandet att betraktas som en politisk handling (Lacey, 2014). Med detta som utgångspunkt ser jag det som centralt om vi vill ge utrymme för fler erfarenheter, att inte endast fokusera på att bjuda in marginaliserade invånare till gängse dialogforum utan även problematisera själva forumen och ramarna för dialogen, att vända blicken mot planerare, arkitekters och tjänstepersoners arbetssätt och rutiner, och reflektera över hur de påverkar vad som kan höras. Utgångspunkten för avhandlingen är mina personliga erfarenheter som processledare för två dialogprocesser: en kommunal medborgardialogsprocess som jag genomförde i Botkyrka kommun – Samtal om framtiden mellan 2011-2012 – samt det utforskande konst- och forskningsprojektet Rehearsals - åtta akter om lyssnandets politik som genomfördes tillsammans med Petra Bauer och en grupp på Tensta konsthall 2013-2014 där vi gemensamt prövade olika sätt att föra dialog med varandra bortom orden. Avsikten är att belysa den mer röriga och komplexa praktiken snarare än att lyfta fram framgångshistorier. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska lyssnandets roll i ledandet och organiseringen av dialogsituationer för att bidra med förhållningssätt till dialoger för att möjliggöra det politiska att framträda. Centrala begrepp i avhandlingen är 1400-talsfilosofen Nicholas Cusanus ratio och intellectus, som beskrivning av två delar av vårt förnuft. Genom ratiot förhåller vi oss till livet som ett pussel där vi genom att mäta, räkna och kalkylera försöker hitta givna svar. Genom intellectus förhåller vi oss närmare icke-vetandet och ser att ratios kategorier aldrig är helt uttömmande och att det vi kallar för värld är i ett ständigt skapande (Bornemark, 2017). Ett lyssnande genom intellectus, såsom jag beskriver det i avhandlingen, skapar möjlighet för det som flera politiska filosofer på lite olika sätt benämner som ”det politiska”, forum där det spontana, oregerliga och störande kan ta plats och politiska frågor väckas (Rancière, 2009, Mouffe, 2008). Enligt Hannah Arendt (1958) är en förutsättning för att det politiska ska äga rum att det finns ett visst mått av oförutsägbarhet. Om vi vill lyssna kan vi i förhand inte bestämma oss för vad vi vill höra, vi behöver öppna upp för att bli överraskade av det vi hör.
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