| 1. |
- Bostad, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetstidsåtgång i mellankalvsuppfödningen
- 2010
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- • I denna studie av nio vanligt förekommande arbetsmoment var arbetstiden per kalv drygt 5 timmar för de mindre besättningarna, och 2 timmar för de mellanstora och större besättningarna • Variationen mellan gårdarna antyder att det finns möjligheter för arbetseffektivisering inom varje storlekskategori och inom varje enskilt arbetsmoment • För den enskilde nötköttsproducenten är produktions-kostnaderna lättare att kontrollera och påverka jämfört med stöd och avräkningspriser • Effektivt utnyttjande av arbetstid öppnar för mer tid över till annat arbete på eller utanför gården, men även möjligheter till ökad fritid och samvaro med familjen
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| 2. |
- Bostad, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetstidsåtgång i ungtjursuppfödningen
- 2011
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Arbetstidsåtgången i nötköttsproduktionen är i mycket liten omfattning dokumenterad, både här hemma och internationellt sett. Vid ökad konkurrens av importerat nötkött är det viktigt att optimera den inhemska nötkötts-produktio- nen, t.ex. genom minskade arbetskostnader. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka arbetstids-åtgången vid de mest förekommande arbetsmomenten i ungtjursuppfödning och hur olika faktorer påverkar arbetseffektiviteten. Målet var att ta fram ett underlag för plan- läggning och ökad möjlighet för jämförelse av den egna gården med resultat från andra företag och därigenom inspirera till förbättring och re- flexion kring arbetstidsåtgångens betydelse för lönsamheten.
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| 3. |
- Bostad, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Labour input in specialised beef bull production in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. - 1682-1130. ; 13, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Labour input was investigated on 101 Swedish beef bull farms, representing 42% of all farms rearing 100-800 bulls annually in 2007. Work time studies were performed through questionnaires, supplemented by field studies on a smaller set of farms. Young bulls were of dairy or beef breed, purchased from age 7 to 365 days by specialist producers and finished to an average age of 17 (dairy breed) and 15.5 months (beef breed) and carcass weight 300 and 330 kg, respectively. Farms with different models of finishing, depending on calf age at purchase, were categorised into four groups as: 1) Pre-weaned, 7-61 days purchase age (PW), 2) weaned, 56-92 days purchase age (W1), 3) weaned, 107-168 days purchase age (W2) and 4) weaned, 180-365 days purchase age (W3). Total median labour input per bull for pre-defined work tasks was 6.4, 7.1, 4.0 and 2.7 hours, respectively, for these four different finishing models. Labour efficiency in the four models was 0.76, 0.94, 0.64 and 0.69 min/bull/day, respectively, i.e. with no difference in labour efficiency between farms rearing pre-weaned calves (PW) or calves weaned from 2-3 months of age (W1). No differences were found in total daily labour efficiency (min/bull/day) within the quarantine house and finishing sections, or in tasks common to both sections. Feeding was the most labour-intensive task, requiring 65-78% of daily labour input. Feeding time was not strongly affected by technique, but was shortest on farms operating with total mixed ration (TMR) (0.30 min/bull/day) (p=0.046). However, farms operating with TMR were also significantly larger, with 200 bulls (range 100-600) in the finishing house compared with 150 bulls (range 44-400) on farms feeding roughage and concentrates separately (labour input 0.52 min/bull/day). The effect of housing system on labour input for daily tasks was examined on the 65% of farms utilising only one type of housing system in the finishing house. Systems with slatted floor group pens (concrete or rubber flooring) had the lowest work time requirement (0.47 min/bull/day), followed by straw bedded pens with or without paved alleys (0.51 and 0.58 min/bull/day, respectively) and loose house cubicle systems (0.70 min/bull/day). A non-linear relationship was found between labour efficiency and bull unit size. Variations in work efficiency for finishing 100-200 bulls/year ranged from 0.2-3.0 min/bull/day in the finishing house, indicating possibilities for increased labour efficiency related to factors other than unit size. Labour input per bull was not significantly affected by unit size from 450 bulls/year (0.4 min/bull/day) to 960 bulls/year (0.3 min/bull/day), possibly indicating the highest level of labour efficiency achievable in Swedish beef bull production at present
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| 4. |
- Bostad, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Labour input in specialized young bull production in Sweden
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Labour input was investigated on 100 Swedish young bull farms, 42% of all farms rearing 101 - 960 bulls annually in 2007. Work time studies were performed through questionnaires, supplemented by field studies on a smaller set of farms. Young bulls were of dairy or beef breed bought from age 7 to 365 days by specialized producers and finished to the average age of 17 (dairy breed) and 16 months (beef breed), respectively, and carcass weight 300 and 330 kg. Farms with different models of finishing, depending on the calf’s age of purchase were categorized in four groups as: 1) pre-weaned, 7-61 days purchase age (PW), 2) weaned, 56-92 days purchase age (W1), 3) weaned, 107-168 days purchase age (W2) and 4) weaned, 180- 365 days purchase age (W3). Total median labour input per bull for pre-defined work tasks was 6.4, 7.1, 4.0 and 2.7 hours, respectively, for the four different finishing models. Correspondingly, labour efficiency on the four models resulted in 0.76, 0.94, 0.64 and 0.69 min/bull/day, respectively, revealing no difference in labour efficiency in farms rearing calves pre-weaned (PW) or weaned from 2-3 months of age (W1). No differences were found in daily labour efficiency (min/calf/day) within the quarantine house sections, finishing or the nondaily tasks common for both house sections. Effect of unit size on total labour input per bull tended to increase as farm unit size increased from 200 to 350 young bulls annually, however a clear effect of unit size was first seen on farms finishing 600 bulls per year (r=-0,4). Relatively large variations between the 25% most and 25% least efficient farms indicate a need of awareness in possible underestimation of work time, and prospects of possibilities for future development of labour patterns and increase in labour efficiency
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| 5. |
- Bostad, Elise
(författare)
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Labour input in Swedish intensive beef cattle production : physical work environment and motivation
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Red veal and young bull production are the two main intensive beef finishing systems in Sweden and utilise practically all male calves from the dairy and suckler cow herds. This thesis examined labour input and physical working conditions in the two systems in order to identify factors influencing these parameters. Data collection was mainly based on questionnaires, complemented by observations and interviews on farm visits, and related to the most common work tasks performed during different stages of the finishing period. Motivating factors among the Swedish intensive beef cattle producers were examined to analyse how individual orientations of motivation can help understanding farmers’ working conditions. Total time required per calf in red veal production (n=31) was 5.5, 1.9 and 2.0 h/calf for small, medium and large farms, respectively. This corresponded to a labour efficiency of 1.5, 0.6 and 0.6 min/calf/day. Labour efficiency on young bull farms (n=101) purchasing calves at median ages 21, 61, 121 and 180 days was 0.76, 0.94, 0.64 and 0.69 min/bull/day, respectively. No significant difference was found in labour efficiency between the four different finishing models on young bull farms. A possibility to improve labour efficiency by up to 63% was found when comparing the farms with the 25% highest and 25% lowest labour inputs. An effect of scale on labour input was found up to unit sizes of 550 red veal calves and 450 young bulls per year. The overall perceived physical strain was rated moderate exertion level. Cleaning tasks and handling of young bulls were rated with the highest physical strain. The prevalence of perceived musculoskeletal symptoms (MSD) was 51% and 65% in red veal and young bull farmers, respectively. MSD was most frequently reported in upper extremities and the back. Feeling stressed and worried, working in an unpleasant climate, high demands on the daily work pace and a high risk of injuries were reported by more than 20% of the 59 red veal and 98 young bull farmers surveyed. Work injuries were reported by 20% and 39% of red veal and young bull farmers, respectively. Swedish young bull and red veal producers with large, work-efficient farms were economically orientated, but just as highly motivated by several intrinsic values as those on small farms, indicating an unprecedented degree of multidimensionality. Identified measures of improvement of labour input and physical working conditions mainly related to frequently performed work tasks, animal handling, fragmentation of farm, and to improved facilities in the quarantine houses where proportion of labour input and the level of physical strain was typically high.
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