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- Bosma, M, et al.
(författare)
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FNDC4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor on macrophages and improves colitis in mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7, s. 11314-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FNDC4 is a secreted factor sharing high homology with the exercise-associated myokine irisin (FNDC5). Here we report that Fndc4 is robustly upregulated in several mouse models of inflammation as well as in human inflammatory conditions. Specifically, FNDC4 levels are increased locally at inflamed sites of the intestine of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Interestingly, administration of recombinant FNDC4 in the mouse model of induced colitis markedly reduces disease severity compared with mice injected with a control protein. Conversely, mice lacking Fndc4 develop more severe colitis. Analysis of binding of FNDC4 to different immune cell types reveals strong and specific binding to macrophages and monocytes. FNDC4 treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro results in reduced phagocytosis, increased cell survival and reduced proinflammatory chemokine expression. Hence, treatment with FNDC4 results in a state of dampened macrophage activity, while enhancing their survival. Thus, we have characterized FNDC4 as a factor with direct therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease and possibly other inflammatory diseases.
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- Mattsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Personal factors in systemic sclerosis and their coverage by patient-reported outcome measures
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - 1827-1804. ; 51:4, s. 405-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease where thickening of the skin can lead to reduced body function and limitations in activities. Severe forms can also affect and seriously damage inner organs. Patient-centred rehabilitation emphasises considerations of patients' background, experience and behavior which highlights the need to know if patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) include such personal factors. Aim. To identify and describe personal factors in the experiences of functioning and health of persons with SSc and to examine if and to what extent PROMs in SSc research cover these factors. Design. Data from a qualitative study with focus group interviews were analysed. PROMs in SSc research were identified in a literature review between 2008-2013. Setting. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at rheumatology department. Population. Sixty-three patients with SSc from four European countries participated. Methods. Data from interviews were analysed using a structure of personal factors developed by Geyh et al. Identified PROMs were analysed and linked to main concepts, related to the personal factors, found in the interview data. Results. Nineteen main concepts were related to the area "patterns of experience and behaviour" in the personal factor structure, 16 to "thoughts and beliefs", nine to "feelings", one to "motives" and one to "personal history and biography", respectively. Among the 35 PROMs identified, 15 did not cover any of the identified concepts. Concepts within the area "feelings" were mostly covered by the PROMs. Five of the PROMs covered "patterns of experience and behaviour", while "motives" and "personal history and biography" were not covered at all. Four of the identified PROMs covered concepts within the areas "feelings", "thoughts and beliefs" and "patterns of experience and behaviour" in the same instrument. The Illness Cognition Questionnaire and Illness Behaviour Questionnaire were such PROMs. Conclusion. Patterns of experience and behaviour had the highest number of concepts related to personal factors, but few of the PROMs in SSc research covered these factors. Only a few PROMs covered several personal factors areas in the same instrument. Clinical Rehabilitation Impact. The results would be of value when developing core sets for outcome measurements in SSc.
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- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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- Bostrom, M., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of Lifshitz forces and gas on premelting of ice within porous materials
- 2016
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 115:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premelting of ice within pores in earth materials is shown to depend on the presence of vapor layers. For thick vapor layers between ice and pore surfaces, a nanosized water sheet can be formed due to repulsive Lifshitz forces. In the absence of vapor layers, ice is inhibited from melting near pore surfaces. In between these limits, we find an enhancement of the water film thickness in silica and alumina pores. In the presence of metallic surface patches in the pore, the Lifshitz forces can dramatically widen the water film thickness, with potential complete melting of the ice surface.
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