| 1. |
- Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign Direct Investment in R&D and the Base of the Pyramid: Is a new space of innovation emerging in India?”
- 2015
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Ingår i: McKelvey, M. and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2015). Innovation Spaces in Asia: Entrepreneurs, Multinational Enterprises and Policy. - Cheltenham, U.K. : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781783475674 ; , s. 256-278
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter addresses emerging innovation spaces, driven by new types of customer demand and markets, and specifically new forms of innovations for the poorer segments of the economy. The chapter focuses particularly upon India. Innovations for the poorer segments of the economy has gathered much attention, because a specific characteristic of emerging market economies is that a considerable share of consumers belongs to the bottom (or base) of the pyramid (BOP). Though the individual purchasing power is low, the size of the BOP market segment in sum is enormous taken in aggregate, which makes it an attractive market segment. While these are incentives to access this market segment, companies struggle to deal with the specific market conditions with their traditional business and R&D models. This chapters aims to give an overview on FDI in R&D in emerging markets with a special focus on India and empirical illustrations of innovation strategies and modes of interaction.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Patenting in Sweden: New Evidence from the 2011 Database
- 2012
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Ingår i: ESF-APE-INV workshop: “Scientists & Inventors” – KU Leuven, 10-11 May 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: After the collection of data on Swedish academic inventors in 2011, we created a longitudinal dataset containing two points in time. The 2005 dataset has indicated that research intense universities take the most patents, a trend which still remains. We describe and analyze the dynamics within the different disciplines among the 6 universities with highest number of patents. For these 6 universities data from 2009 are combined and compared too. Preliminary results indicate that Sweden still performs better than other European countries, where data available.
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| 4. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Akademiska patent: om svenska forskares innovationsförmåga
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sveriges entreprenöriella ekosystem : företag, akademi, politik / redaktörer: Maureen McKelvey, Olof Zaring. - Stockholm : Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research Institute. - 9789197772846 ; , s. 112-131
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the complexity facing academic entrepreneurs in science and engineering : the complementarities of research performance, networks and support structures in commercialisation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 36:3, s. 751-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative importance, and specific role, of academic entrepreneurship in society has long focused upon productivity in terms of the commercialisation of research. Public policy is an instrument used in different countries to stimulate start-up companies, including attempts to influence national institutions, university structures and the incentives for individual researchers. This paper contributes with an analysis of Sweden, which has retained the 'professor's privilege', whereby the individual retains inventor rights and can choose to allocate ownership rights. The descriptive results of the survey revealed that academics have positive attitudes to commercialisation and relatively satisfactory commercialisation output. This paper examines the complementarities of research performance, networks and support structure in explaining commercialisation amongst university researchers in science and engineering in Sweden. The results show that publishing is positively correlated with commercialisation and that support structures play an important role through technology transfer offices, courses and incubators. The paper ends by using these results in order to discuss the implications for public policy.
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| 6. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Is the prominent scientist the one who becomes an inventor? A matching of Swedish academic pairs in nanoscience to examine the effect of publishing on patenting
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 26:2, s. 144-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscience is an interdisciplinary field in which science, in terms of publications, and technology, in terms of inventions, are closely related. Sweden represents an interesting setting to examine how they are related because a high proportion of the total Swedish academic patents can be classified as nanoscience. Combining bibliometric data from the Web of Science, patent data from European Patent Office and data from Swedish universities, this article identifies all authors and all inventors listed on patents who work at universities in Sweden within nanotechnology. The main question we address is whether prominent academic scientists in terms of scientific publications are also the ones who become academic inventors. The article uses a semiparametric technique, namely a conditional regression in a matched sample, to isolate the effect of publishing on patenting. One novelty of this article is that it applies a conditional logistic regression in matched pairs of academics, to isolate the relationship between patenting and publishing in nanoscience. The empirical results show that academics who both publish and patent have, on average, more publications as well as more citations. Furthermore, having a higher number of citations can increase the probability of having a patent. Interdisciplinarity is also positively correlated with patenting. Thus, by isolating the effects of publishing on patenting, this article demonstrates that scientific prominence, indicated both by the number of articles and citations, positively impacts the propensity to take patents.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Universities and their Involvement in Industrial Innovation as seen through Academic Patents
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 15th Globelics Conference, Athens, Greece, 11-13 October, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incomplete data can lead to faulty conclusions within social science. This matters in a larger perspective because data and subsequent conclusions form the basis for decision-making in public policy. Academic patents represent reasonably reliable and good data, in the sense that one can systematically examine patents across many variables such as countries, time periods and technological fields. As a measure of either invention or innovation, patents of course have both advantages and disadvantages, as acknowledged by many leading authors (Henderson et al., 1998, Jaffe and Lerner, 2001, Pries and Guild, 2011, Zucker et al., 2002). A recent systematic literature review has found that the topic of academic patents in the broader understanding of university-industry interactions has exploded in recent years, with high levels of citations (Bourelos, 2013). In the case of Sweden, the data about academic patents needs to be carefully collected and checked, which is why new databases must be constructed. Sweden has an institutional framework called the ‘teachers’ exception’ or ‘professor’s privilege’, which means that the individual – and not the university – holds intellectual property rights (IPR). Working with colleagues abroad, our research group has developed novel databases through a series of European projects during the last decade . The two most reliable databases that we developed for Sweden are from 2005 and 2011, where construction of the first one was initially part of an MSc thesis while the completion of the latter one is part of a PhD thesis (Bourelos, 2013, Cropelli, 2006). This paper is presenting a map of academic patenting in Sweden. These descriptive statistics allow us to assess the academic performance in Sweden and will highlight the fields and universities where academics patent. We are therefore able to identify possible areas of competitive advantage for Sweden when comparing the figures with academic patenting in other countries. At the micro level, this paper will contribute in completing the picture of the academic inventor in Sweden. The statistics of this chapter can be interesting for academics who study academic entrepreneurship, policy makers who are interested in motivating third mission activities, as well as firms who are seeking collaboration with academic inventors. The empirical overviews and results can be seen as revolutionizing what we think we know – because the new databases help us challenging many stereotypes and myths about Sweden. This chapter provides two types of data in the overview: namely, data that compares Sweden to Italy, France and the USA based upon data from 2005 as well as novel data from the recent completion of the database for 2011. This chapter presents an overview of academic patents in Sweden, by defining academic patents as patents where individual scientists and engineers working at universities and engineering faculties are involved as inventors.
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| 9. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Inventors, Technological Profiles and Patent Value: An Analysis of Academic Patents owned by Swedish-based firms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 20:5, s. 437-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the relationship between academic inventors and firms, focusing on the relation between academic inventors, the technological profiles of firms and patent value. In particular, this paper focuses on the value of academic patents as compared to non-academic patents, owned by large firms based in Sweden. One finding is that academic patents have a short-term disadvantage, which disappears in the long-term. Our results also indicate that controlling for whether the patent belongs to a core or non-core technology relative to the firm’s technological profile neutralizes the premium of non-academic patents. In other words, patents belonging to firms’ core technologies have significantly higher value, regardless of whether they are academic or non-academic patents. The above results indicate that the technological profile of firms is an important characteristic to analyze, when examining the value of academic patents and the specific role that academics play in industrial invention.
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| 10. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting Firm Size and Technology Centrality in University-Industry Interaction: A Study of Firms' Academic Patents in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: ESF-APE-INV workshop: “Scientists & Inventors” – KU Leuven, 10-11 May 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper re-examines the debate on whether, and how firm size, affects the propensity of firms to engage with universities and academic scientists, and in particularly whether that interaction occurs within firms’ core or non-core technologies. This paper makes two contributions in relation to this question. First, the paper contributes empirically by re-examining this issue of firm size and technology centrality for university-industry interaction, based upon new evidence from the APE-INV database on European academic patents. The database for Sweden, as further described below, is unique at the individual level, and it is now complete for the population of academic scientists for 2004 and 2011, and a partial population 2009. The second contribution is to propose a theoretical framework about the value that firms may place upon academic involvement in industrial invention. The aim is that this framework can help explain the returns gained by firms of different sizes, when interacting with academic scientists over patents.
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