| 1. |
- Bourikas, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing the challenge of interpreting microclimatic weather data collected from urban sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy and Power Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1934-8975 .- 1934-8983. ; 1:5, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents some installation and data analysis issues from an ongoing urban air temperature and humidity measurement campaign in Hangzhou and Ningbo, China. The location of the measurement sites, the positioning of the sensors and the harsh conditions in an urban environment can result in missing values and observations that are unre-presentative of the local urban microclimate. Missing data and erroneous values in micro-scale weather time series can produce bias in the data analysis, false correlations and wrong conclusions when deriving the specific local weather patterns. A methodology is presented for the identification of values that could be false and for determining whether these are “noise”. Seven statistical methods were evaluated in their performance for replacing missing and erroneous values in urban weather time series. The two methods that proposed replacement with the mean values from sensors in locations with a Sky View Factor similar to that of the target sensor and the sensors closest to the target’s location per-formed well for all Day-Night and Cold-Warm days scenarios. However, during night time in warm weather the re-placement with the mean values for air temperature of the nearest locations outperformed all other methods. The results give some initial evidence of the distinctive urban microclimate development in time and space under different regional weather forcings.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jentsch, Mark F., et al.
(författare)
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Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 55:0, s. 514-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building performance and solar energy system simulations are typically undertaken with standardised weather files which do not generally consider future climate predictions. This paper investigates the generation of climate change adapted simulation weather data for locations worldwide from readily available data sets. An approach is presented for ‘morphing’ existing EnergyPlus/ESP-r Weather (EPW) data with UK Met Office Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) predictions for a ‘medium–high’ emissions scenario (A2). It was found that, for the United Kingdom (UK), the GCM ‘morphed’ data shows a smoothing effect relative to data generated from the corresponding regional climate model (RCM) outputs. This is confirmed by building performance simulations of a naturally ventilated UK office building which highlight a consistent temperature distribution profile between GCM and RCM ‘morphed’ data, yet with a shift in the distribution. It is demonstrated that, until more detailed RCM data becomes available globally, ‘morphing’ with GCM data can be considered as a viable interim approach to generating climate change adapted weather data.
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| 4. |
- Stephen, Jake, et al.
(författare)
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Internal thermal environment and futureproofing of a newly built, naturally ventilated UK school
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research indicates that school children have lower comfort levels than adults and this exacerbates the challenge of tackling the risks of summer overheating in schools without resorting to air conditioning. UN SDG 13 calls for climate action to strengthen the resilience of our cities and reduce the impact of climate change. In this work, a modern, naturally ventilated school in Southampton, UK was used to evaluate single, "hard", passive retrofit measures and "soft", building management solutions that could increase the wellbeing of students and reduce current and future demand for cooling. The school was selected as it represents the current standardised design guidance for schools released in 2012 by the Department of Education (DfE). The research presents air temperature observations collected during the summer of 2015. Dynamic thermal modelling was undertaken to evaluate passive retrofit and "soft" solutions to reduce the overheating risk. The model was validated with temperature data collected from the school classrooms. The results indicate that (a) such school buildings have high likelihood of overheating, based on children's comfort temperatures and (b) passive retrofits focused on shading and ventilation could help to reduce the classroom temperature when required. It is recommended that "soft" adaptive solutions will prove effective to reduce future air conditioning demand, but this will require a radical change in established practices. Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will require to rethink and redesign urban living and city infrastructures.
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| 5. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal adaptation to high indoor temperatures during winter in two UK social housing tower blocks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 9th Windsor Conference: Making Comfort Relevant, 07 - 10 Apr 2016. Windsor, GB. - 9780992895730 ; , s. 733-746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work explores the hypothesis that exposure to high indoor temperatures during winter can change thermal expectations of the occupants, challenging the standard boundaries of thermal comfort and leading to excess in energy demand for heating. The analysis presented here is based on two case study social housing tower buildings where indoor temperatures during the heating season have been maintained at high levels for many years. Five-minute readings of air temperature and relative humidity were gathered from the lounges and bedrooms of twenty flats from February to October 2014. The measured air temperatures in the sampled period were overall much higher than the standard comfort criteria, with averages of 24.8±2.2oC for the lounges and 23.1±1.8oC for the bedrooms. Interviews were carried out with seventeen tenants in October, enquiring about their views on the indoor environment, the use of controls and their thermal sensation at the time of the survey. The results show that most people were satisfied with the temperatures in their flats, regardless of them being much higher than recommended levels most of the time. The occupants’ adaptation to high temperatures could pose a great challenge to the implementation of energy use reduction strategies, if industry-based thermal criteria were to be met.
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| 6. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Performance Evaluation of School Buildings using a Children-based Adaptive Comfort Model
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Environmental Sciences. International Conference on Sustainable Synergies from Buildings to the Urban Scale (SBE). Thessaloniki, GREECE, 16-19 OCT , 2016. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0296. ; 38, s. 844-851
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the thermal performance of four school buildings of different ages and characteristics, using current EU overheating criteria and ‘adjusted’ criteria based on children’s lower comfort temperature found in recent research. Data collected in Southampton, UK, between 2011-2015 are used in the analysis, which consists of two parts: a) the development of an adaptive comfort model associating children’s comfort temperature to outdoor climate based on approximately 2,800 thermal comfort responses from children, and b) the thermal performance evaluation of four case study schools (built in 1894, 1929, 1978 and 2013) with the use of 5-minute air temperature measurements during spring/summer from a total of 43 classrooms. The two models, current (adult-based) and adapted to pupils, are applied to the methodology for overheating assessment based on the European standard EN 15251. Results show that there is no overheating in the schools when the classroom temperatures were assessed with the current adult-based model, while when using the children-based model overheating was identified in three out of the four schools. Interestingly, the school with the most acceptable summer performance is the oldest, an 1890s medium-weight building. The modern (2013) school had the most stable, yet high air temperatures amongst the studied schools. The study highlights the emerging issue of summer overheating in heating-dominated countries such as the UK, where this has not been traditionally a concern. The problem is exacerbated by a single-sided focus on reducing heating loads without taking appropriate measures for summer comfort, the global warming trends and children’s sensitivity to high temperatures. This paper highlights the challenge of designing school buildings with acceptable year-round thermal and energy performance and the need to set higher standards in the school building design, using children-based criteria.
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