| 1. |
- Davies, N., et al.
(författare)
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Report of the 14th Genomic Standards Consortium Meeting, Oxford, UK, September 17-21, 2012
- 2014
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Ingår i: Standards in Genomic Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1944-3277. ; 9:3, s. 1236-1250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report summarizes the proceedings of the 14th workshop of the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) held at the University of Oxford in September 2012. The primary goal of the workshop was to work towards the launch of the Genomic Observatories (GOs) Network under the GSC. For the first time, it brought together potential GOs sites, GSC members, and a range of interested partner organizations. It thus represented the first meeting of the GOs Network (GOs1). Key outcomes include the formation of a core group of “champions” ready to take the GOs Network forward, as well as the formation of working groups. The workshop also served as the first meeting of a wide range of participants in the Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) initiative, a first GOs action. Three projects with complementary interests – COST Action ES1103, MG4U and Micro B3 – organized joint sessions at the workshop. A two-day GSC Hackathon followed the main three days of meetings.
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| 5. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding ecology of Xenoturbella bocki (phylum Xenoturbellida) revealed by genetic barcoding
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - 1755-098X. ; 8, s. 18-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benthic marine worm Xenoturbella is frequently contaminated with molluscan DNA, which had earlier caused confusion resulting in a suggested bivalve relationship. In order to find the source of the contaminant, we have used molluscan sequences derived from Xenoturbella and compared them to barcodes obtained from several individuals of the nonmicroscopic molluscs sharing the same environment as Xenoturbella. Using cytochrome oxidase 1, we found the contaminating sequences to be 98% similar to the bivalve Ennucula tenuis. Using the highly variable D1-D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit in Xenoturbella, we found three distinct species of contaminating molluscs, one of which is 99% similar to the bivalve Abra nitida, one of the most abundant bivalves in the Gullmarsfjord where Xenoturbella was found, and another 99% similar to the bivalve Nucula sulcata. These data clearly show that Xenoturbella only contains molluscan DNA originating from bivalves living in the same environment, refuting former hypotheses of a bivalve relationship. In addition, these data suggest that Xenoturbella feeds specifically on bivalve prey from multiple species, possibly in the form of eggs and larvae.
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| 6. |
- Bourlat, Sarah J., et al.
(författare)
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A red listing gap analysis of molluscs and crustaceans in Northern Europe : What has happened in the last 10 years?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the current rates of species extinction on a global level, Red List assessments need to speed up to inform conservation management in a timely manner. This study analyzed the progress made over the last 10 years in red listing aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe. A survey of 43 freshwater molluscs and 1492 marine crustaceans was carried out for their Red List status in twelve countries during a twenty year interval (2003−2022). Our survey demonstrated that many countries have no national Red List or outdated Red Lists for the freshwater molluscs and only four countries have assessed their existing crustacean species. Alarmingly, we find 13 % fewer occurrence records for the crustaceans and 48 % fewer records for the freshwater molluscs in GBIF in the last 10 years (2013−2022) than in the 10 years previously (2003−2012). A barcode gap analysis reveals more barcodes for the 16S gene (77 %) than for the COI gene (63 %) for the freshwater molluscs and even fewer barcodes for the marine crustaceans (17 % for 16S and 40 % for the COI gene). With the current methods, regular comprehensive red listing of aquatic invertebrates is unrealistic. Here we present a set of scripts that allow automated occurrence and barcode gap analyses on unrepresented species groups. Finally, we discuss ways to increase the number of occurrence records and speed up red listing under existing European frameworks through whole community screening of ecosystems using molecular and other emerging tools.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three-spined stickleback
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines of large predatory fish due to overexploitation are restructuring food webs across the globe. It is now becoming evident that restoring these altered food webs requires addressing not only ecological processes, but evolutionary ones as well, because human-induced rapid evolution may in turn affect ecological dynamics. We studied the potential for niche differentiation between different plate armor phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of a small prey fish, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the central Baltic Sea, three-spined stickleback abundance has increased dramatically during the past decades. The increase in this typical mesopredator has restructured near-shore food webs, increased filamentous algal blooms, and threatens coastal biodiversity. Time-series data covering 22 years show that the increase coincides with a decline in the number of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis), the most abundant predator of stickleback along the coast. We investigated the distribution of different stickleback plate armor phenotypes depending on latitude, environmental conditions, predator and prey abundances, nutrients, and benthic production; and described the stomach content of the stickleback phenotypes using metabarcoding. We found two distinct lateral armor plate phenotypes of stickleback, incompletely and completely plated. The proportion of incompletely plated individuals increased with increasing benthic production and decreasing abundances of adult perch. Metabarcoding showed that the stomach content of the completely plated individuals more often contained invertebrate herbivores (amphipods) than the incompletely plated ones. Since armor plates are defense structures favored by natural selection in the presence of fish predators, the phenotype distribution suggests that a novel low-predation regime favors stickleback with less armor. Our results suggest that morphological differentiation of the three-spined stickleback has the potential to affect food web dynamics and influence the persistence and resilience of the stickleback take-over in the Baltic Sea.
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| 8. |
- Leidenberger, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Why are so many Northern European aquatic invertebrates missing in red-listing and how can we improve assessments for those?
- 2021
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Ingår i: 1st DNAQUA International Conference 2021. - : Pensoft Publishers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biodiversity crisis is advancing rapidly. One tool to measure extinction risk is the Red List of Threatened Species which follows the IUCN evaluation criteria (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Many aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe are completely missing a red listing process and are evaluated as Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE). In our project, we focus on marine crustaceans and freshwater molluscs (Bivalvia). A systematic survey of more than 440 crustacean and 44 molluscan species in 12 Northern European countries shows that while many freshwater bivalve molluscs and marine crustaceans have existing molecular barcodes as well as digital occurrence records in databases (e.g. in GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility), there exists no evaluation process or regular monitoring for those species and their population status. With such a high level of non-evaluation of species status, species action plans (for single species or multi-taxon approaches) are far away from reality.In general, traditional monitoring methods based on observational surveys are known to be inefficient, costly and time consuming. e-DNA allows us to detect species with a high level of sensitivity as long as those assays are well validated. Molecular occurrence records can be used to detect rare species and to collect population information. In our Swedish project, we are metabarcoding sediment and plankton samples using metazoan and taxon-specific primers to detect threatened aquatic species. During 2019 and 2020, we collected samples at 15 localities in two marine protected areas for marine crustaceans and at 15 different localities for freshwater molluscs at the Swedish west coast. At each location plankton, sediment and traditional aquatic monitoring samples were taken. The idea is to compare how the methods perform in finding rare species, which could improve the data for those groups so they can be evaluated in the next round of red listing (2025) in Sweden. During the entire project, there is an on-going dialogue with stakeholders and experts from the Swedish Species Information Centre, responsible for the red listing process in the country.
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| 9. |
- Sundberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av ny övervakning av främmande arter : Metodjämförelse mellan traditionell och DNA-baserad identifiering
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar resultat från en studie där vi undersökt artförekomst och speciellt förekomst av invasiva främmande arter i kustmiljö. Syftet har varit att utvärdera konventionell undersökningsmetodik för att identifiera arter genom taxonomisk artbestämning genetisk identifiering genom DNAmetabarkodning, i hamnmiljöer.Genom att övervaka miljön med nya genetiska metoder får vi möjligheter att upptäcka spår av organismers förekomst, något som annars är svårt med sortering av organismer från vatten-/planktonprov, bottenhugg eller fiskeredskap. Utvecklingen av DNA-tekniker går fort och det ser lovande ut att tillämpa dessa i jakten på invasiva främmande arter och patogener som är skadliga för den biologiska mångfalden, människors och djurs hälsa samt orsakar stora samhällskostnader, alltså organismer som vi anser är invasiva och främmande.Det finns idag inga miljöövervakningsprogram som baseras på DNA. Samtidigt blir det allt svårare att hitta experter, så kallade taxonomer som kan identifiera arter och som oftast är specialiserade på en eller några artgrupper. Dessutom kommer många arter hit som larver eller juveniler som kanske inte alls liknar det vuxna djuret, eller algen, och därmed är svåra att artbestämma. Detta innebär att många arter kan komma hit utan att upptäckas förrän de är etablerade, och då har vi vanligtvis nått en situation då den invasiva främmande arten i fråga etablerat sig i en ny miljö, och därmed inte går att åtgärda.Såväl EU:s förordning om invasiva främmande arter som havsmiljödirektivet ställer krav på nationell övervakning av främmande arter. Och inom havsmiljöförvaltningen finns även behoven för att fullfölja arbetet med främmande arter inom Helcoms och Ospar. För att snabbt kunna utrota eller begränsa nyetableringar av invasiva främmande arter behöver vi utveckla metoder som är effektiva på att tidigt upptäcka nya introduktioner. Övervakning med hjälp av DNA-baserade metoder som metabarkodning är en lämplig väg att gå. Eftersom det är nya metoder för övervakning så bör även nya indikatorer tas fram som lämpar sig för genetiska metoder. Genetiska metoder bör ses som ett komplement till de traditionella – inte minst under en övergångsfas och om så möjligt ersätta traditionella.
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