| 1. |
- Hensen, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The order Sordariales is taxonomically diverse, and harbours many species with different lifestyles and large economic importance. Despite its importance, a robust genome-scale phylogeny, and associated comparative genomic analysis of the order is lacking.In this study, we examined whole-genome data from 99 Sordariales, including 52 newly sequenced genomes, and seven outgroup taxa. We inferred a comprehensive phylogeny that resolved several contentious relationships amongst families in the order, and cleared-up intrafamily relationships within the Podosporaceae. Extensive comparative genomics showed that genomes from the three largest families in the dataset (Chae-tomiaceae, Podosporaceae and Sordariaceae) differ greatly in GC content, genome size, gene number, repeat percentage, evolutionary rate, and genome content affected by repeat-induced point mutations (RIP). All genomic traits showed phylogenetic signal, and ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the variation of the properties stems primarily from within-family evolution. Together, the results provide a thorough framework for understanding genome evolution in this important group of fungi.
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| 2. |
- Amirian, E. Susan, et al.
(författare)
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The Glioma International Case-Control Study : A Report From the Genetic Epidemiology of Glioma International Consortium
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 183:2, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decades of research have established only a few etiological factors for glioma, which is a rare and highly fatal brain cancer. Common methodological challenges among glioma studies include small sample sizes, heterogeneity of tumor subtypes, and retrospective exposure assessment. Here, we briefly describe the Glioma International Case-Control (GICC) Study (recruitment, 2010-2013), a study being conducted by the Genetic Epidemiology of Glioma International Consortium that integrates data from multiple data collection sites, uses a common protocol and questionnaire, and includes biospecimen collection. To our knowledge, the GICC Study is the largest glioma study to date that includes collection of blood samples, which will allow for genetic analysis and interrogation of gene-environment interactions.
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| 3. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Uterus transplantation: A Rapidly Expanding Field
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 102:4, s. 569-577
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterus transplantation (UTx) has been successfully introduced as a treatment option for women with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). AUFI representing approximately 3% to 5% of the female general population is linked to either congenital uterine agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome), major congenital uterine malformation (hypoplastic uterus, fraction of bicornuate/unicornuate uterus), a surgically absent uterus, or an acquired condition (intrauterine adhesions, leiomyoma) linked to uterine malfunction that causes implantation failure or defect placentation. The world's first clinical uterus transplant was performed in 2000. However, a hysterectomy became necessary shortly after the surgery due to uterine necrosis. In 2011, a group in Turkey reported on a surgically successful deceased donor transplant; however, this procedure has, to date, not resulted in a healthy live birth, the ultimate goal of UTx. Building on an extensive experimental background in various animal models, including primates, the Gothenburg group led by Brannstrom reported on the first delivery of a healthy baby in a recipient of a live donor UTx in 2014. This event did not only show the feasibility of UTx, it also helped defining relevant areas of clinical and basic research. Use of a gestational surrogate carrier, is, at least in theory, an alternative for a woman with AUFI seeking genetic motherhood. However, in the clear majority of countries worldwide, gestational surrogacy is not practiced based on legal, ethical, or religious concerns. Of note, the overwhelming majority of surveyed women in the United Kingdom, a country which permits surrogacy, preferred UTx over gestational surrogacy and adoption. Moreover, randomly selected women of fertile age in Sweden preferred UTx over gestational surrogacy. A recent large survey in Japan with more than 3000 participants revealed that UTx had a twofold higher acceptance rate compared with gestational surrogacy. In a recent US survey exploring the potential of donating vascularized composite allografts, uterus donation achieved the highest priority. Thus, the acceptance of UTx as infertility treatment for women with AUFI is high, although the procedure remains in its infancy. Here, we provide an update of clinical activities, summarize achievements and challenges, and submit areas of research interests.
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| 4. |
- Brännström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing global connectivity and mobility support in a wireless multi-hop ad hoc network
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th Asian International Mobile Computing Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pervasive access to the Internet is driven by users who want wireless connectivity to ad hoc as well as infrastructure networks. Multi-hop wireless connectivity widens the coverage areas of access networks and enables two-way wireless traffic into previously dead-spot areas. This paper addresses network mobility issues, which are essential for roaming users who connect to the Internet through wireless access networks. We propose to support connectivity to wired infrastructure through multiple gateways with possibly different capabilities and utilization. Increased network performance can be achieved by adapting to variations in performance and coverage and by switching between gateways when beneficial. We present an efficient solution to enable ad hoc access to the Internet as well as interoperation of reactive routing protocols with Mobile IP. Our solution combines the benefits of proactive agent advertisement and reactive route discovery into a flexible multi-hop access network. We also discuss wireless network metrics that can be used for more intelligent decision making on gateway selection. The feasibility of our approach is validated by simulation and implementation.
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| 5. |
- Brännström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Maintaining gateway connectivity in multi-hop ad hoc networks
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Computer Society Press. - 0769524214 ; , s. 682-689
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for maintaining gateway connectivity in an ad hoc access network is vital considering the 80/20 ratio of Internet traffic. There are several proposals of how to integrate gateway forwarding strategies but they all rely on the route discovery procedure of reactive routing protocols. We propose a proactive approach to avoid the delay of the route discovery process. Mobile IP is often suggested to handle macro mobility and we use the advertisements periodically sent by the gateway to update routing tables in the ad hoc network. Since advertisements may arrive to a mobile host through multiple paths, it is important to keep track of the best path to each gateway. We demonstrate the use of a proposed dynamic metric and how to handle location of correspondent hosts. A simulation study demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of our approach.
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| 6. |
- Brännström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility management for multiple diverse applications in heterogeneous wireless networks
- 2006
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Ingår i: New technologies for consumer networking and communications: eliminating boundaries. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 1424400856 ; , s. 818-822
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a mobility management solution to support both applications who are mobility-aware and those who are not. Mobility management in heterogeneous network environments needs to address the double meaning of the IP address as an endpoint identifier and a location identifier. Application-layer mobility use a non-IP endpoint identifier (e.g. user @ realm) while network-layer mobility uses a fixed home IPaddress as endpoint identifier. The resolving of the endpoint identifier to a temporary unicast IP address as location identifier needs support from a mobility management system. This paper proposes a mobility support system that integrates the benefits of application-layer SIP mobility with network-layer MIP mobility. A cross-layer information system provides context for mobility adaptation. Context awareness enhances handover decisions, transport performance and media adoption. The network-layer mobility supports the application to locate the destination ondemand for the initial setup of the sessions. The paper includes an initial evaluation of the network-layer mobility part of the solution.
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| 7. |
- Brännström, Robert
(författare)
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Mobility management in heterogeneous access networks
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis proposes, describes and validates solutions to enhance mobility in heterogeneous access networks. Wireless access networks have become available almost everywhere and current research strives to make them pervasive. Users having wireless access to the Internet are driving the demand for mobile and heterogeneous solutions where services could be accessed from anywhere, any time and from any device. Future wireless connectivity will be provided through a mix of coexisting heterogeneous access network technologies. To enhance mobility in heterogeneous networks this thesis focuses on mobility management systems and connectivity of wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks to the Internet. In a wireless environment with overlapping service areas, mobile nodes need to select which gateway(s) to use to access the wireless infrastructure. The metrics used to select the point of attachment within an access technology are insufficient to compare the capacity of different technologies or multi-hop routes. This thesis proposes, describes and validates solutions to calculating network layer metrics and using them in gateway selection and handover decisions. To enable connectivity of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to the Internet, a gateway must bridge the wired single-hop and wireless multi-hop approaches. A MANET enables connectivity to more than one gateway at a time and combined with multihoming it provides seamless handover between subnets. The gateway selection and handover decisions are complicated by the multihoming capabilities. Connectivity to Internet services makes it important to maintain the efficient route to the gateway. It is also important to identify the location of a destination to separate the management of Internet and intra MANET destinations. This thesis proposes,describes and validates solutions to deploying multihomed mobility into MANETs and thereby handling multi-hop gateway discovery, registration of multiple gateways and tunneling to selected gateway(s). The solution maintains gateway connectivity in MANETs by installing routes to gateways using advertisements and manages route discovery based on the destination locality. Both applications with mobility awareness (e.g. SIP phones) and those without it must be supported by a mobility management system. The existence of network layer mobility management can enhance an application layer system. This thesis proposes, describes and validates deployment of a mobility management system with support of both application and network layer mobility. With wireless access networks some technologies might not support some types of applications and a single technology might not cope with all the application demands from a mobile node. Thus the control of individual traffic flows could be used to share the load on multiple access technologies and to direct flows over specified technologies. This thesis proposes, describes and validates solutions to identification and mobility management of individual traffic flows in a heterogeneous network environment. Finally this thesis proposes, describes and validates a deployment proposal of route evaluation and flow control to enable load balancing in wireless multi-hop networks.
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| 8. |
- Brännström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Multimedia flow mobility in heterogeneous networks using multihomed mobile IP
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Mobile Multimedia. - 1550-4646 .- 1550-4654. ; 3:3, s. 218-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication in next generation networks will use multiple access technologies, creating a heterogeneous network environment. To enable end-user terminals to move between access networks with minimal disruption, the terminals should be able to maintain multiple active network connections. Such a multihomed mobile host will experience differences in capabilities and coverage area depending on the access technologies. This paper proposes and evaluates an extension to Mobile IP enabling multihoming, regardless of the access technology. Mobility of multimedia communication in this environment should adapt to changing conditions and be based on dynamic measurements and user preferences. The proposed architecture gives opportunities for mobile multimedia applications to use multiple access networks simultaneously and the possibility to move individual flows between access networks and between user devices. Media flows are identified by destination IP address, protocol and port number. Evaluation results are presented both from a simulation study and from a real world prototype implementation using three different wireless access technologies: 802.11, UMTS and 802.16-2004.
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| 9. |
- Brännström, Robert
(författare)
-
Network-layer mobility in wireless ad hoc access networks
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis proposes and discusses solutions to enable network-layer mobility in wireless ad hoc access networks. The deployment of wireless access networks has made them ubiquitous and current research strives to make them pervasive. Users having wireless access to wired IP networks and the Internet are driving the demand for mobile and heterogeneous solutions. To enable all kinds of mobility in heterogeneous All-IP networks there are many issues to be solved. This thesis focuses on network-layer mobility and connectivity of wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks to the Internet. In a wireless environment with overlapping service areas, mobile hosts need to select which gateway(s) to use to access the wireless infrastructure. The signal-to-noise ratio of an access point, which is part of a wireless LAN, does not reflect the number of attached hosts or the traffic between them. The throughput of the access point could be low while the signal is strong. At the same time an access point with weaker signal could allow higher throughput. In ad hoc routing, hop count is the most common metric and the selection of a route to a gateway is affected by the same utilization problem. This could lead to a situation where a short route is used by more hosts and performing worse than a longer route serving fewer hosts. This thesis proposes and discusses solutions to calculating network-layer metrics and using them in gateway selection and handover decisions. To enable connectivity of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to the Internet, a gateway must support the wired single-hop and wireless multi-hop approaches. To deploy network-layer mobility in a MANET, the Mobile IP protocol needs to be adapted for the multi-hop environment. A MANET enables connectivity to more than one gateway at a time and combined with multihoming it provides seamless handover between subnets. The gateway selection and handover decisions are complicated by the multihoming capabilities. This thesis proposes and discusses solutions to deploying multihomed mobility into MANETs and thereby handling multi-hop gateway discovery, registration of multiple gateways and tunneling to selected gateway(s). Traffic patterns in wired LANs generally follow the 80/20 ratio of Internet destined vs. local traffic. The same traffic patterns generally hold true for wireless hosts. Therefore it is important to maintain the route to the gateway for the Internet destined traffic. This thesis proposes and discusses a solution to maintaining gateway connectivity in MANETs by installing routes to gateways using advertisements. Deciding the locality of a peer and setting up the forwarding route differs between single-hop and multi-hop networks. In single-hop networks a source matches the destination prefix with its own to decide what forwarding policy to use. Local traffic is sent directly to the destination with the link- layer protocol while global traffic is forwarded to a default gateway. In multi-hop networks the ad hoc routing protocol finds the route to a destination either proactively or on-demand. This thesis proposes and discusses a solution to deciding on the mobile host destination locality in a MANET.
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| 10. |
- Brännström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Port-based Multihomed Mobile IPv6: Load-balancing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks LCN 2007. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 269-271
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With today's heterogeneous access to the Internet, users will move between wired and wireless environments and between infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode of wireless communication. When a mobile node moves from an infrastructure connection and connects multihop to an Internet gateway, the performance will degrade and it may not be able to send all of its traffic via a single gateway. This highlights the need of load-balancing between Internet gateways, especially since the behavior of users today involves a multitude of parallel activities generating multiple flows. This paper proposes a solution that enables distribution of individual traffic flows via different Internet gateways instead of using one single gateway. The proposal includes extensions to Mobile IP in order to handle flow mobility bindings. The performance of the solution is verified by simulation studies.
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