| 1. |
- Anderberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Suicide Risk in Anxiety-The Lundby Study 1947-2011
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 20:3, s. 75-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to calculate the long-term risk of accomplished suicide in anxiety disorders, and to compare this with a healthy population. The Lundby Study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on a population of 3,563 subjects. Between 1947 and 1997, anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 300 subjects. Up to 2011 there were 68 suicides in all. The suicide risk was 3.3% for anxiety. For only anxiety, risk was increased (p = 0.008), but other diagnoses had a higher risk (p = 0.0001) compared with no diagnosis. Mean time from onset to suicide was 27 years. Risk of suicide in anxiety disorders seems elevated at an intermediate level. Suicide often occurs many years after onset of the disorder.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive voice response with feedback intervention in out-patient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial on substance use, stress and psychiatric symptoms.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 789-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an interactive voice response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and substance use. Methods: The IVR system was used twice weekly over 3 months after treatment initiation, with or without addition of a personalized feedback intervention on stress and mental health symptoms. Both IVR assessment only (control group) and IVR assessment including feedback (intervention group) were provided as an add-on to treatment-as-usual procedures (TAU) in outpatient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents and young adults (N = 73). Results: By using a mixed models approach, differences in change scores were analyzed over the three-month assessment period. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the Arnetz and Hasson stress score (AHSS, p = 0.019), the total Symptoms Checklist 8 score (SCL-8D, p = 0.037), the SCL-8D anxiety sub-score (p = 0.017), and on a summarized feedback score (p = 0.026), but not on the depression subscale. There were no differences in global substance use scores between the intervention group (feedback on mental health symptoms) and the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, IVR may be useful for follow-up and repeated interventions as an add-on to regular treatment, and personalized feedback could potentially improve mental health in adolescents and young adults with problematic substance use.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Voice Response with Feedback Intervention in Outpatient Treatment of Substance Use Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 789-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and substance use. The IVR system was used twice weekly over three months after treatment initiation, with or without addition of a personalized feedback intervention on stress and mental health symptoms. Both IVR assessment only (control group) and IVR assessment including feedback (intervention group) were provided as an add-on to treatment-as-usual procedures (TAU) in outpatient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents and young adults (N=73). By using a mixed models approach, differences in change scores were analyzed over the three-month assessment period. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the Arnetz and Hasson stress score (AHSS, p=0.019), the total Symptoms Checklist 8 score (SCL-8D, p=0.037), the SCL-8D anxiety sub-score (p=0.017), and on a summarized feedback score (p=0.026), but not on the depression subscale. There were no differences in global substance use scores between the intervention group (feedback on mental health symptoms) and the control group. In conclusion, IVR may be useful for follow-up and repeated interventions as an add-on to regular treatment, and personalized feedback could potentially improve mental health in adolescents and young adults with problematic substance use.
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| 4. |
- Appelquist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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As good as it gets : an empirical study on mentally-ill patients and their stay at a general hospital in Sweden, 1896–1905
- 2019
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Ingår i: History of Psychiatry. - 0957-154X. ; 30:2, s. 205-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General hospital care and treatment of mentally ill patients in a Swedish town was studied in records for 503 patients, 1896–1905. Restraint was extremely rare; 65% left the hospital as healthy or improved. Non-psychotic and alcoholic patients spent fewer days in hospital than patients with psychosis or dementia. There was no evidence of a social status bias. For 36% of the patients a certificate for mental hospital care was issued, with additional information. The cause of illness was stated as unknown for 42% of these patients; adverse circumstances were recorded for 18%. Heredity for mental illness was found in 50% of the patients, particularly in those with mania. Patients with a higher social status were underrepresented.
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| 5. |
- Appelquist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Mental illness in Sweden (1896–1905) reflected through case records from a local general hospital
- 2018
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Ingår i: History of Psychiatry. - 0957-154X. ; 29:2, s. 216-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental illness in a hospital in a medium-sized town in Sweden was studied. Consecutive case records from 1896 to 1905, and also from 2011, were selected. In the historical sample, neurasthenia was the most common diagnosis, followed by affective disorders and alcohol abuse. ICD-10 diagnoses corresponded well with the historical diagnoses. Melancholia resembled modern criteria for depression. Mania, insania simplex and paranoia indicated more severe illness. Abuse was more common among men and hysteria among women. Those with a medical certificate for mental hospital care were very ill and showed no gender difference. There were no diagnoses for abuse, but 17% had a high level of alcohol consumption. The pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by patients does not appear to change with time.
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| 6. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in subtypes of depression by first incidence and age of onset : a follow-up of the Lundby population
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 268:2, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lundby Study is a prospective mental health survey in a community population (N = 3563), in which data were collected in 4 waves of field-work between 1947 and 1997. We investigated gender differences during the follow-up in overall first incidence rates, ages of onset, and incidence by age of onset patterns, in different subtypes of depression. The overall incidence rate in females was higher than males for most subtypes of depression. However, for depression with melancholic and/or psychotic features, the overall first incidence rate did not differ significantly between the genders. The mean age of onset did not differ significantly between females and males in any of the depressive subtypes. Nevertheless, females and males had different first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for unipolar non-melancholic DSM-IV mood disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), with a consistent gender incidence gap across all ages, but with the most conspicuous gender gap in middle age. The first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for DSM-IV MDD with melancholic and/or psychotic features did not differ significantly between the genders. The findings support that females are more prone than males to develop depression with medium severity, but no gender differences were found in melancholic and/or psychotic depression. The findings may support that unipolar non-melancholic depression and melancholic and/or psychotic depression represents different disorders. Tentative explanations for this are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Health related quality of life in individuals transferred from a needle exchange program and starting opioid agonist treatment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of addiction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7834 .- 2090-7850. ; 2018, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent randomized controlled trial we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a needle exchange program (NEP) to OAT. The aim of this study was to see whether an improvement in health related quality of life (HRQoL) could be seen at 3-month follow-up after starting OAT and whether it was associated with any baseline characteristics. We also wanted to compare our sample to a sample from the general population with regard to HRQoL. Methods. This was a 3-month follow-up of 71 patients who started OAT. Measurements of HRQoL with EQ-5D (an instrument developed by the EuroQol group) were made at baseline and at three months. Results. Mean EQ-5D VAS (visual analogue scale) for the study sample at baseline was 47.3, which was lower than a Swedish reference population reporting 83.3. Individuals reporting being prescribed a drug for a psychiatric condition had significantly lower EQ-5D index values. Improvement in EQ-5D index score was significantly less for individuals reporting previous overdoses (-0.10, p=0.025). Individuals reporting previous suicide attempts had significantly lower EQ-5D VAS score at baseline. A significant increase of the EQ-5D VAS difference over time was found with a mean difference of 10.94 (p=0.008) for the total sample. Conclusion. To our knowledge this is the first time HRQoL as an outcome is reported in a population transferred from a NEP to OAT. Our results indicate that OAT can result in increased HRQoL, even with this type of rapid low-threshold referral.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Malmö treatment referral and intervention study—high 12-month retention rates in patients referred from syringe exchange to methadone or buprenorphine/ naloxone treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 8:AUG
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Heroin dependence is associated with high mortality. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine has strong evidence for treatment of this relapsing condition. In our setting, OAT has been associated with strict and demanding intake procedures, often with requirements of social stability, but also high, approximately 80 percent 12-month retention rates. In a recent randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a syringe exchange programme (SEP) to treatment with methadone or buprenorphine, including actual treatment initiation. The objectives of this study were to assess 12-month retention rates, in order to assess whether a novel referral program of current drug users at a SEP would achieve retention rates comparable to more traditional intake procedures. Methods: The present report is a 12-month follow-up of 71 patients who successfully started treatment with methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. Patient data from baseline and at 12 months were collected. results: Out of the 71 patients who started treatment, 58 (82%) were still in treatment after 12 months. conclusion: This was a population, referred from a SEP, with a high drug use severity on admission and no pretreatment requirement for social stability, but there were still high retention rates at 12 months comparable to regular opioid agonist clinics in our setting.
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| 10. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Substance Use, Hospitalizations, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Patients Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program to Opioid Maintenance Treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategies. The medical records for 71 patients were reviewed 36 months following referral to OMT from a needle exchange program (NEP). Their psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations were identified. Their baseline characteristics were assessed for potential differences between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized patients and between patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses in a longitudinal observational study without controls. A regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. Sixty-five percent of the patients were hospitalized at least once with a psychiatric diagnosis. Substance-related reasons were prevalent, and detoxification occurred among 59% of patients, with sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines, zopiclone, zolpidem, and pregabalin) being the substance used by 52% of patients. Baseline use of these drugs and/or buprenorphine predicted for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. During the follow-up period, 72% of patients met the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis other than OUD. The prevalence of non-substance use disorders overlapping with SUD was 41%, and that overlapping with anxiety disorder was 27% of all participants. Increased attention to psychiatric co-occurring disorders in the treatment of OUD is required and the importance of addressing sedative-hypnotics use when initiating OMT is highlighted.
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