| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Benning, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration processes A State of the Art
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The key objective of InPro is to define and support a new way of working with integrateddesign from a life cycle perspective, capturing client requirements and collaboration betweenstakeholders during the early design phase of a construction project. This phasestarts with the first client contact and ends with the delivery of a design proposal, withrecognisable functions, visualised for easy understanding and with a cost calculation tosupport the clients' go/no-go decision.The aim of Work Package 2 is to develop model-based and knowledge-based workingmethods for the Early Design phase. This will result in a systematic integration of lifecycledesign processes in new construction or renovation of buildings, taking into accountthe added values for society/citizens, clients/users, and the construction sector. ThisWork Package will also propose a framework for the collaboration process between involvedparties.The aim of Task 2.2 "Collaboration Processes" is to develop this framework for collaborationin the Early Design process, where all partners share information in a common OpenInformation Environment delivered by WP5 and add knowledge to the project. Thisframework of collaboration is a concept related to the needs of shared guidelines in orderto work efficiently together, generally defined in a contract. This framework will answerto the main question:How to create concurrent and iterative working processes with clear decisionmilestones?and includes other key questions:How to create functional working groups that represent different competenciesor backgrounds, including conflict resolution conceptsHow to to establish trustHow to balance between formal and informal communication channelsHow to communicate design changes in a virtual building model between concurrentlyworking design teams, e.g. by managing, categorising and highlightingdesign changesHow to reuse knowledgeIt also includes project and contractual issues management, progress monitoring, strategiesfor delegation of responsibility, methods for risk assessment and strategies for continuousimprovements based on measured Key Performance Indicators developed in Task1.3.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Biasin, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated[Co(terpy)2]2$
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 117:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)2]2+ in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ∼7 ps.
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| 5. |
- Brandt, Adam R., et al.
(författare)
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Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tight Oil Production in the Bakken Formation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 30:11, s. 9613-9621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bakken formation has contributed to the recent rapid increase in U.S. oil production, reaching a peak production of >1.2 × 106 barrels per day in early 2015. In this study, we estimate the energy intensity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 7271 Bakken wells drilled from 2006 to 2013. We model energy use and emissions using the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE) model, supplemented with an open-source drilling and fracturing model, GHGfrack. Overall well-to-refinery-gate (WTR) consumption of natural gas, diesel, and electricity represent 1.3%, 0.2%, and 0.005% of produced crude energy content, respectively. Fugitive emissions are modeled for a “typical” Bakken well using previously published results of atmospheric measurements. Flaring is a key driver of emissions: wells that flared in 2013 had a mean flaring rate that was ≈500 standard cubic feet per barrel or ≈14% of the energy content of the produced crude oil. Resulting production-weighted mean GHG emissions in 2013 were 10.2 g of CO2 equivalent GHGs per megajoule (henceforth, gCO2eq/MJ) of crude. Between-well variability gives a 5–95% range of 2–28 gCO2eq/MJ. If flaring is completely controlled, Bakken crude compares favorably to conventional U.S. crude oil, with 2013 emissions of 3.5 gCO2eq/MJ for nonflaring wells, compared to the U.S. mean of ≈8 gCO2eq/MJ.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Haldrup, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast X-Ray Scattering Measurements of Coherent Structural Dynamics on the Ground-State Potential Energy Surface of a Diplatinum Molecule
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 122:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report x-ray free electron laser experiments addressing ground-state structural dynamics of the diplatinum anion Pt2POP4 following photoexcitation. The structural dynamics are tracked with <100 fs time resolution by x-ray scattering, utilizing the anisotropic component to suppress contributions from the bulk solvent. The x-ray data exhibit a strong oscillatory component with period 0.28 ps and decay time 2.2 ps, and structural analysis of the difference signal directly shows this as arising from ground-state dynamics along the PtPt coordinate. These results are compared with multiscale Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations and demonstrate how off-resonance excitation can be used to prepare a vibrationally cold excited-state population complemented by a structure-dependent depletion of the ground-state population which subsequently evolves in time, allowing direct tracking of ground-state structural dynamics.
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| 8. |
- Hassellöv, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av analysmetoder för mikroplast i miljöprover för forskning och miljöövervakning
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att bättre förstå omfattning och miljöpåverkan av mikroplast samt kunna ta beslut om lämpliga åtgärder och uppföljning, är det av yttersta vikt att det finns tillförlitliga mätmetoder. Det har lyfts fram som prioriterade områden för vidare forskning och utveckling under lång tid och även om stora framsteg har gjorts är det fortfarande ett viktigt område i internationella forskningsagendor.För att en mätmetod ska anses tillförlitlig bör syftet ta ett helhetsperspektiv längs hela den analytiska kedjan från provtagning, upparbetning, instrumentell analytisk bestämning, definitioner och rapportering. Jämförbarhet eller harmonisering mellan metoder är viktigt liksom att metoden kan valideras och visa att syftet kan uppfyllas med metoden.När det gäller mikroplastanalys så är det många olika polymerer i ett stort storleksområde (minst tre tiopotenser), som ska hanteras av samma mätprincip. Det är en stor utmaning i sig och för miljöövervakning finns även önskemål att metoden ska vara enkel, robust och kostnadseffektiv. Detta perspektiv har i projektet sammanvägts med forskningens behov av så heltäckande information som möjligt.För miljöövervakningsbehov har en mätmetod baserad på en ny kortvågsinfraröd hyperspektralkamera utvecklats, med goda preliminära resultat. Metoden kan skilja mikroplast från naturliga partiklar samt i viss mån urskilja olika polymerer från varandra. Nästa steg blir att integrera kameran i ett motoriserat mikroskop.För forskningsbehov har flera olika metoder tagits fram. Inledningsvis har ett nytt nano-platinabelagt filter utvecklats. Sen har infraröd absorptionsspektroskopi (FTIR) utvecklats med avseende på mjukvarukontroll av mikroskop samt bildupptagning och dataanalys med en öppen källkodsmjukvara. Den kan anses vara en mogen analysteknik ner till 10 µm för de flesta polymerer.För mindre partikelstorlekar har fokus legat på vidareutveckling av Ramanspektroskopi, vilket även har utprovats i flera fallstudier för partiklar ner till nanoplastområdet (> 0,5 µm i det här fallet).För vissa specialfall, till exempel båtbottenfärgpartiklar eller däckslitagepartiklar, har det visat sig att varken FTIR eller Raman är särskilt effektiva identifieringsmetoder, men att en kombination av ljus- och svepelektronmikroskopi i korrelativ modalitet kunnat identifiera partiklarna.Provupparbetning är en viktig del för både miljöövervakning och forskning av mikroplastanalys i komplexa prover som sediment, havsvattenbiota, och här har optimerats protokoll för nedbrytning av organiskt material och även apparatur och metod för extraktion av mikroplast från sediment efter nedbrytning av organiskt material.
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| 9. |
- Heath, Alicia K., et al.
(författare)
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Diet-wide association study of 92 foods and nutrients and lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study and the Netherlands Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 151:11, s. 1935-1946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear whether diet, and in particular certain foods or nutrients, are associated with lung cancer risk. We assessed associations of 92 dietary factors with lung cancer risk in 327 790 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per SD higher intake/day of each food/nutrient. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the false discovery rate and identified associations were evaluated in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). In EPIC, 2420 incident lung cancer cases were identified during a median of 15 years of follow-up. Higher intakes of fibre (HR per 1 SD higher intake/day = 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96), fruit (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96) and vitamin C (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96) were associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, whereas offal (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14), retinol (HR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10) and beer/cider (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07) intakes were positively associated with lung cancer risk. Associations did not differ by sex and there was less evidence for associations among never smokers. None of the six associations with overall lung cancer risk identified in EPIC were replicated in the NLCS (2861 cases), however in analyses of histological subtypes, inverse associations of fruit and vitamin C with squamous cell carcinoma were replicated in the NLCS. Overall, there is little evidence that intakes of specific foods and nutrients play a major role in primary lung cancer risk, but fruit and vitamin C intakes seem to be inversely associated with squamous cell lung cancer.
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| 10. |
- Moradifar, Parivash, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale Mapping and Defect-Assisted Manipulation of Surface Plasmon Resonances in 2D Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 In-Plane Heterostructures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 in-plane heterostructure is reported as a low-dimensional tunable chalcogenide well suited as plasmonic building block for the visible−UV spectral range. Electron-driven plasmon excitations of low-dimensional Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 are investigated by monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum imaging. To resolve the nanoscale spatial distribution of various local plasmonic resonances, singular value decomposition is used to disentangle the spectral data and identify the individual spectral contributions of various corner, edge, and face modes. Furthermore, defect-plasmon interactions are investigated both for nanoscale intrinsic and thermally induced extrinsic polygonal defects (in situ sublimation). Signature of defect-induced red shift ranging from a several hundreds of millielectronvolts to a few electronvolts, broadening of various plasmon response, together with selective enhancement and significant variations in their intensity are detected. This study highlights the presence of a heterointerface and identifies defects as physical tuning pathways to modulate the plasmonic response over a broad spectral range. Finally, the experimental observations are compared qualitatively and validated with numerical simulations using the electron-driven discrete dipole approximation. Low-dimensional Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 as a less explored plasmonic system holds great promises as emerging platform for integrated plasmonics. Furthermore, introducing controlled structural defects can open the door for nanoengineering of plasmonic properties in such systems.
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