| 1. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brans, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical applications of newer radionuclide therapies
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 42:8, s. 994-1003
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When radio-iodine was first used in the treatment of metastasized thyroid carcinoma in 1943, its success in terms of tumour response, quality of life improvement and survival was considered a 'miracle', as in those days metastatic cancer was generally fatal. Inspired by this, many efforts have been made to apply radioisotope therapy to other tumours. Radionuclide therapy uses radioactive isotopes labelled with specific targeting agents that aim to deliver the irradiation of the isotope to the tumour, while sparing normal tissues. Its unique modality allows to systemically target radiosensitive tumours throughout the body. Another important principle is its so-called 'cross-fire' action, whereby, owing to the larger reach of the radiation in relation to the cell diameter, a tumour cell receives lethal hits also from isotopes in the neighbourhood that are not directly associated with this cell. The treatment is therefore less hampered by inhomogeneous distribution and metabolism than for example chemo- or immunotherapy. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine has issued guidelines on so-called 'established' therapies (www.eanm.org), i.e. hyperthyroidism, thyroid carcinoma, refractory synovitis, bone metastases, mIBG therapy, (32)p therapy and Lipiodol therapy. Newer therapies include radio-peptide therapy, radio-immunotherapy of lymphoma and microsphere therapy for liver cancer. The aim of a recently held workshop at the ECCO13 conference 2005 and this review is to inform the oncology community about these new developing therapies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brans, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical radionuclide therapy dosimetry: the quest for the "Holy Gray"
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 34:5, s. 772-786
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Radionuclide therapy has distinct similarities to, but also profound differences from external radiotherapy. Review This review discusses techniques and results of previously developed dosimetry methods in thyroid carcinoma, neuro-endocrine tumours, solid tumours and lymphoma. In each case, emphasis is placed on the level of evidence and practical applicability. Although dosimetry has been of enormous value in the preclinical phase of radiopharmaceutical development, its clinical use to optimise administered activity on an individual patient basis has been less evident. In phase I and II trials, dosimetry may be considered an inherent part of therapy to establish the maximum tolerated dose and dose-response relationship. To prove that dosimetry-based radionuclide therapy is of additional benefit over fixed dosing or dosing per kilogram body weight, prospective randomised phase III trials with appropriate end points have to be undertaken. Data in the literature which underscore the potential of dosimetry to avoid under- and overdosing and to standardise radionuclide therapy methods internationally are very scarce. Developments In each section, particular developments and insights into these therapies are related to opportunities for dosimetry. The recent developments in PET and PET/CT imaging, including micro-devices for animal research, and molecular medicine provide major challenges for innovative therapy and dosimetry techniques. Furthermore, the increasing scientific interest in the radiobiological features specific to radionuclide therapy will advance our ability to administer this treatment modality optimally.
|
|
| 4. |
- Oyen, W J G, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted therapy in nuclear medicine current status and future prospects
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 18:11, s. 1782-1792
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, a number of new developments in targeted therapies using radiolabeled compounds have emerged. New developments and insights in radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer, treatment of lymphoma and solid tumors with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the developments in the application of radiolabeled small receptor-specific molecules such as meta-iodobenzylguanidine and peptides and the position of locoregional treatment in malignant involvement of the liver are reviewed. The introduction of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone and the possibility to enhance iodine uptake with retinoids has changed the radioiodine treatment protocol of patients with thyroid cancer. Introduction of radiolabeled mAbs has provided additional treatment options in patients with malignant lymphoma, while a similar approach proves to be cumbersome in patients with solid tumors. With radiolabeled small molecules that target specific receptors on tumor cells, high radiation doses can be directed to tumors in patients with disseminated disease. Radiolabeled somatostatin derivatives for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors are the role model for this approach. Locoregional treatment with radiopharmaceuticals of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastases to the liver may be used in inoperable cases, but may also be of benefit in a neo-adjuvant or adjuvant setting. Significant developments in the application of targeted radionuclide therapy have taken place. New treatment modalities have been introduced in the clinic. The concept of combining therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals with other treatment modalities is more extensively explored.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ulrich, C, et al.
(författare)
-
The European Status Quo in legal recognition and patient-care services of occupational skin cancer.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. - : Wiley. - 1468-3083 .- 0926-9959. ; 30:Suppl 3, s. 46-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in Caucasian populations worldwide and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known for being the number one carcinogen. As, especially in outdoor workers, UVR is an inevitable carcinogen, the prevention and management of UVR-related skin cancers in these at-risk populations represent a collective challenge for dermatologists and healthcare policymakers likewise.
|
|
| 6. |
- Yüksel, Yasemin T., et al.
(författare)
-
Value of photo assessment in late patch-test readings—A multicenter study from six European patch-test clinics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 84:5, s. 283-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is recommended that patch-test readings include a day (D)7 reading. Substitution of the D7 reading with a photo may be a valid option. Objectives: To compare the sensitivity of digital photos at D7 to clinical readings, to assess the number of positive reactions appearing at D7 only (late reactions), and after D7 only (delayed reactions). Methods: Patients patch tested in six European clinics were instructed to forward photos of the patch test reactions to the respective clinics at D7 (before attending the clinic) and at D21. Only allergens in the baseline series or TRUE Test were included in the data analysis. Results: Two hundred ninety-three of 629 patients had a total of 599 positive reactions, with 6.3% occurring at D7 only. When substituting the D7 reading with a photo (90% submitted), 26.3% of late reactions were missed and nine false-positive reactions were found. Delayed reactions were detected in four patients at D21 (65.3% submitted). Conclusion: Our data show that if the D7 reading is not performed, 6.3% of positive reactions from the baseline series would be missed, and if substituting the D7 reading by digital photo, 26.3% late reactions would be missed. Delayed reactions seemed rare.
|
|
