| 1. |
- Bratteteig, Tone, et al.
(författare)
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Research practices in digital design
- 2010
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Ingår i: Exploring digital design. - London : Springer London. - 9781849962223 - 9781849962230 ; , s. 17-54
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the twenty-first century, we are literally surrounded by digital things and things that turn out to be digital – or have some digital parts or are parts of a larger system in which there are digital elements. We carry around mobile phones and watches; many also have additional music players, PDAs or PCs. We live in houses filled with digital networks and artefacts; we depend on infrastructures that are partly digital and have digital systems attached to them; we use public and private services that are digital, are based on digital infrastructures and have other digital systems attached to them; and we experience embedded, ubiquitous computing as we live in digitally enhanced environments that support our activities with or without our conscious control. The digital layer(s) in the world constitute a real world.
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| 2. |
- Ekelin, Annelie
(författare)
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Working with the Fogbow : Design and Reconfiguration of services and Participation in E-Government
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the metaphors of the rainbow and the fogbow, investigations and evaluations, public Internet monitors, writing women, reflections and discussions about politics, design and democracy. It is also about the ongoing re-structuring of participation in service design within the development of E-Government. The aim behind the drive towards E-Government is to modernise administration and make it more efficient. The transformation and modernisation of public services are proclaimed to bring about a change in services based on a 'citizen-centred approach.' In such a process, communication between citizens and public authorities should play an essential role. Themes such as accountability, accessibility and participation all form part of the reconfiguration and at the same time these themes is shaped by the transformation. The papers in this thesis discuss, in different ways, how this reconfiguration is enacted in practice. Theories and methodologies from feminist theories, participatory design and informatics, are used in order to develop broader and more complex understandings of ongoing development within E-Government. Introduction to the papers Paper I Everyday Dialogue and Design for Co-Operative Use: An Evaluation of the Public Internet Monitor Project Accessibility is a central issue in the achievement of democracy, i.e. with respect to the opportunity for and right to 'access' to new technology and information – an argument also used when justifying the Public Internet Monitor Project. 'Access' in this context refers not only to purely physical access to new technology and information, it is also about the opportunity to take part in community business on several different levels. The present sub-report presents the project and its background. The paper also discusses the way in which the Public Internet Monitor Project as a whole has contributed to the development of a social interface or contact surface between citizens and public authorities, as well as how it has stimulated processes of change within public administration and in contacts between public authorities and citizens. Among the questions raised during the evaluation are; how local networks and activities can be stimulated by the citizen monitor and how the user's ideas and experience can be utilised in local adaptations so that they become an essential part of a continuous development of services and technology. The paper also describes the linked chains of responsibility exemplified in the excerpts from the interviews. These also include final users as a means of creating a personalised service adapted to local praxis and user environments. The question is posed "is it possible to talk in terms of interactivity on several different levels, not only in the sense of transmitting information or communicating, but also as a means of creating a relation-based interactivity?" Paper II Reconfiguration of Citizenship: Rights and Duties in Development of Public Services This paper presents the case of the cleaner in the library and some examples of feedback failures. Access to information, technology, and to some degree, participation in development of new services, is a central issue in the prevailing eGovernment discourse. This vision also comprises the idea of the active, contributing citizen and considers the development of local public participation as a process of co-construction of citizenship and services engaging several actors on different levels. At the same time, access must be seen as a contemporaneous process of inclusion and exclusion, a defining and drawing up of the boundaries of a new electronically mediated membership, where access is becoming a prerequisite for activating citizenship, transforming "the right to have access" into a "duty to participate", not just for citizens but for the employees who must manage the reconfiguration of citizenship and relations. The foundations for participation, however, turn out to be relatively restricted in practice. The original title of the paper was: Co-Construction of Citizenship: Rights and duties in development of public services. Paper III Consulting the Citizens – Relationship-based Interaction in the Development of E-Government This paper investigates current practices for involving citizens in the development of web-based services in public administration and tries to track their motives. With respect to democratisation, I argue that there is a large potential in adopting participatory design methods for establishing relation-based interaction between administration and citizens. The paper presents an analysis of E-Government initiatives. More particularly it explores the discourse of the materials surrounding these initiatives, particularly with respect to value systems derived from the marketing perspective contra democratic values. It demonstrates that conventional images of democracy have only a background role to play in such efforts. Paper IV Mapping Out and Constructing Needs in the Development of Online Public Services This paper is based on a study concerning experiences of, access to and requests for public services on-line, within the RISI+ Project. The paper presents a pilot study of the setting up of public services in the local context of the county of Blekinge, in southeast Sweden. The study was conducted as a peer evaluation of a selection of methods, or types of needs analysis, used by different actors and producers of public services in order to gain a picture of various needs among users. One part of this study focuses on the views expressed by service providers about the dialogue between themselves and citizens on the provision of public services. This is compared with the practical use or, in some cases, lack of use, of explicit techniques, such as questionnaires, larger surveys and work carried out with the help of focus groups. A basic question is, 'what role does citizen involvement play in the analysis of needs and services and in the choice of design?'. Parts of this report were presented in a poster display at the NordiCHI 2000 conference, "Design versus design" in Stockholm in October 2000 and, in a different version, as a work-in-progress report at the PDC 2000 (Participatory Design) Conference "Bringing in more voices" , in New York in November. Paper V Making E-Government Happen : Everyday Co-Development of Services, Citizenship and Technology This paper describes the use of a metaphorical figure used in different contexts as part of a discussion of working relationships of the co-development of services, citizenship and technology change. The paper discusses the challenge of developing a supportive infrastructure for the ongoing local adaptation and development of public services as citizens use them. Developing supportive structures for co-operation in the design task involves incorporating ways of including the general public, mapping out networks, developing tailorable software and cultivating shop-floor management. If continuous joint co-development of services is made a central part of the co-development of services, citizenship and technology, this also blurs the boundaries between governmental and municipal authorities, private sector employees and other actors within, for example, the voluntary sector - but above all, continuous joint co-development blurs the boundary between citizens and local authorities. The citizens become key figures in the 'web of connections' that makes up the design, content and use of new technologies. In the discourse on participation in E-Government, few reflections are made concerning the basic issue of the democratic values that could be gained by early involvement of local employees and citizens in developmental work or technology-based changes. Making more deliberate use of participatory design methods for incorporating multi-perspectives in service design as well as technology production and use could be a way to stimulate a broader, more inclusive and sustainable participation in local development of E-Government. Paper VI Discourses and Cracks - A Case Study of Information Technology and Writing Women in a Regional Context This is the first of the papers I wrote, where empirical material from a local IT project is discussed and mirrored against the dominating discourses of information technology. Paper VI discusses information technology as a political and practical discourse, which is in part shaped by the repetition of an exalted rhetoric. This repetitive discursive model can be distinguished in global, regional and local contexts and reflects an optimistic belief in technology as an independent power that automatically furthers democratic development. The second part of the paper presents empirical material and experiences from the Women Writing on the Net-project (this was included in the framework of the DIALOGUE project, which was partially funded by ISPO/EC). The aim of the project was to create a virtual space for women on the Internet, and to explore the writing process in terms of aims, tool and method. The method of approach incorporates reflections and discussions about empowerment, democracy and representation of women. This contributed to a more complex understanding of the values of the predominant IT discourses, and revealed the "cracks" in, and possibilities of feminist redefinitions of, these values.
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| 3. |
- Hardenborg, Niklas, 1977-
(författare)
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Designing Work and IT Systems : A Participatory Process that Supports Usability and Sustainability
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the use of computers and IT systems has become an essential part of many people’s daily work, the quality of IT systems’ is becoming more important for efficient, healthy and sustainable work. It has often been argued that the full potential of a new, supportive IT system seldom is achieved, because – despite implementation of the new system - outdated work procedures are still being preserved. We can also see an increase in occupational health problems that are related to the use of poorly designed IT systems. This thesis addresses the questions of how to create a process for developing a sustainable, IT- supported work for the future and how to provide a solid foundation for the development of IT systems. What underlying perspectives should be applied and how can such a process be carried out in practice? Utilizing an action research approach inspired by participatory design methods, a user-centred seminar process called the Vision Seminar Process (VSP) has been developed to address these questions. Observations are presented from three cases in which the VSP has contributed to the organizations’ development and during which the Vision Seminar Process itself continued to evolve. The process provides a framework where practitioners and designers cooperate in the design of both sustainable work and usable IT systems. It is of central importance that a reflective in-depth analysis of users’ work practices is carried out, that their entire work situation and organization is questioned and discussed, and that the design process is carried out with a focus on healthy and sustainable work. Underlying perspectives that advocate a focus on a future work are essential for the successful implementation of the process, in that IT should be the engine that drives the development of work and creates the conditions for a healthy, sustainable work.
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| 4. |
- Morrison, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical perspectives
- 2010
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Ingår i: Exploring digital design. - London : Springer London. - 9781849962223 - 9781849962230 ; , s. 55-103
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As we draw towards the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, digital design research faces a complex conceptual and analytical landscape. This is one that concerns relations between multiples of tools, technologies and information systems, their social semiotic, multimodal mediations and cultural practices, and their interpretation. Given the scope of interdisciplinary practices and theories that are to be found in much digital design research, researchers in this field are faced with considerable challenges in identifying, selecting and applying analytical frameworks. This is more pronounced when digital design research entails a multitude of practices and knowledges, as demonstrated in Chapter 2.
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| 5. |
- Mörtberg, Christina, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Methods that matter in digital design research
- 2010
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Ingår i: Exploring digital design. - London : Springer London. - 9781849962223 - 9781849962230 ; , s. 105-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theories and analytical perspectives are linked to methods. The discussion of the methods used to capture the complexities of practices with a focus on social, cultural and economic layers (Jordan and Henderson 1994; Wagner 1994; Sjöberg 1996; Newman 1998) represents an important resource for a discussion of designers’ interpretative work with both traditional and new experimental methods. In previous chapters we have described our collaborative and multidisciplinary perspectives that are also mirrored in the methods we use in the exploration of practices. These practices are technical, organizational, knowledge-based and socio-cultural. Our aim is to explore and maintain the complexity in design as a mix of all of these.
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| 6. |
- Naghsh, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed-PD: Challenges and Opportunities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference. - Bloomington : The Trustees of Indiana University. - 9780981856100 ; , s. 290-291
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A limitation of Participatory Design (PD) is that it has primarily been focused on project stakeholders being co-located, whereas in recent years we are starting to see software development projects involve more distributed collaborations. This panel grows out of the issues raised from a series of workshops on Distributed Participatory Design (http://www.distributedpd.com) and discusses the experiences and challenges of performing PD in distributed design teams.
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| 7. |
- Premanandan, Shweta
(författare)
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Care for Caregivers : Designing IT Applications for Informal Caregivers
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The role of informal caregivers, who provide essential care and support to their ill or in-need relatives and friends, is crucial but frequently undervalued in the healthcare landscape. Navigating the complexities of caregiving, these individuals encounter numerous challenges that demand a considerable amount of their resources and energy, often without adequate support. Despite these difficulties, caregiving can also be a source of fulfillment and empowerment to some. IT applications can be seen as valuable support tools in the caregiving process. This thesis draws on six studies, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus groups with informal caregivers, alongside discussions with healthcare professionals, to explore the intricacies of informal caregiving. It also includes a heuristic evaluation of an IT application by UI/UX experts. Through thematic analysis, the research delves into the diverse needs of native Swedish caregivers, immigrant caregivers, and caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer. It proposes design solutions tailored to these specific groups, employing persuasive and positive design principles to develop an eCoaching application and a web-based health application named ‘Carer eSupport’, respectively. These applications are designed to address the identified needs, offering support and facilitating the caregiving process.This thesis contributes to the field of Information Systems (IS) by advancing existing theories and creating adapted frameworks specifically for informal caregiving. It provides a comparative analysis of Persuasive Design (PSD) and Positive Design, detailing their strengths and weaknesses in developing IT applications for caregivers. The research examines the design processes, outcomes, and contextual suitability of each approach, focusing on behavioral psychology in PSD and emotional wellbeing in Positive Design. Practical insights and guidelines for integrating both approaches are offered, ensuring that IT solutions are effective and empathetic. The thesis also adapts and extends these frameworks to better meet the needs of informal caregivers, providing a basis for future research to validate these adaptations. Additionally, it includes the design and evaluation of IT applications like an eCoaching platform and a web-based health application, along with providing systematic design recommendations through a comprehensive literature review.By focusing on the needs of native Swedish, immigrant, and head and neck cancer caregivers, this research underscores the challenges caregivers face and proposes solutions to manage the caregiving journey while maintaining their well-being. Overall, it emphasizes the necessity of crafting IT applications with empathy and inclusivity, truly embodying the spirit of ‘Care for caregivers.’
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| 8. |
- Soma, Rebekka, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening human autonomy in the era of autonomous technology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. - : IRIS Association. - 0905-0167 .- 1901-0990. ; 34:2, s. 163-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Autonomous technologies’ refers to systems that make decisions without explicit human control or interaction. This conceptual paper explores the notion of autonomy by first exploring human autonomy, and then using this understanding to analyze how autonomous technology could or should be modelled. First, we discuss what human autonomy means. We conclude that it is the overall space for action—rather than the degree of control—and the actual choices, or number of choices, that constitutes human autonomy. Based on this, our second discussion leads us to suggest the term datanomous to denote technology that builds on, and is restricted by, its own data when operating autonomously. Our conceptual exploration brings forth a more precise definition of human autonomy and datanomous systems. Finally, we conclude this exploration by suggesting that human autonomy can be strengthened by datanomous technologies, but only if they support the human space for action. It is the purpose of human activity that determines if technology strengthens or weakens human autonomy.
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| 9. |
- Stuedahl, Dagny, et al.
(författare)
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Researching digital design
- 2010
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Ingår i: Exploring digital design. - London : Springer London. - 9781849962223 - 9781849962230 ; , s. 3-15
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emerging field of digital design research is heterogeneous, encompassing a multiplicity of practices, theories and methods. One source of this heterogeneity is that design as a concept takes different meanings in the context of different design practices, be it the design of software, urban spaces, web pages or industrial products; as does ‘the digital’ when integrated within different types of design. Another source of heterogeneity is the variety of research traditions, theories and methodologies that meet in digital design research. This book explores the multiplicity and heterogeneity of ‘digital things’, design practices, and (inter) disciplinary approaches.
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