| 1. |
- Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, et al.
(författare)
-
Expanded molecular phylogeny of the genus Bicyclus (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi-cryptic species and highlights potentials for future studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 15:2, s. 115-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Bicyclus is one of the largest groups of African butterflies, but due to the generally cryptic nature and seasonal variation of adult wing patterns, there has been a lot of systematic confusion. With a large research community working with the model species Bicyclus anynana there has been increasing interest in the evolutionary history of the genus. A previous phylogeny started to unravel interesting patterns, but only included 61% of the then known species. With a range of new species having been described in the last decade there has been a need for an updated phylogeny for the genus. We present the most complete phylogeny of Bicyclus yet, including 93% of the currently 103 recognized species and make a range of taxonomic revisions. We revise the status of four previous subspecies and synonymized taxa that in the light of the new genetic data are raised to species level. We also subsume two subspecies and describe a new species, Bicyclus collinsi sp. nov., based on both genetic and morphological evidence. A further new taxon is identified, but not described at this point due to lack of morphological data. Our phylogeny lays a solid foundation for better understanding the evolution of Bicyclus and highlights key species-groups and complexes with intriguing ecological patterns making them prime candidates for future studies. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F775351-097E-4CD7-8F8F-A90B26D52DE8
|
|
| 2. |
- Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, et al.
(författare)
-
Miocene Climate and Habitat Change Drove Diversification in Bicyclus, Africa's Largest Radiation of Satyrine Butterflies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Systematic Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X. ; 71:3, s. 570-588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared to other regions, the drivers of diversification in Africa are poorly understood. We studied a radiation of insects with over 100 species occurring in a wide range of habitats across the Afrotropics to investigate the fundamental evolutionary processes and geological events that generate and maintain patterns of species richness on the continent. By investigating the evolutionary history of Bicyclus butterflies within a phylogenetic framework, we inferred the group's origin at the Oligo-Miocene boundary from ancestors in the Congolian rainforests of central Africa. Abrupt climatic fluctuations during the Miocene (ca. 19-17 Ma) likely fragmented ancestral populations, resulting in at least eight early-divergent lineages. Only one of these lineages appears to have diversified during the drastic climate and biome changes of the early Miocene, radiating into the largest group of extant species. The other seven lineages diversified in forest ecosystems during the late Miocene and Pleistocene when climatic conditions were more favorable-warmer and wetter. Our results suggest changing Neogene climate, uplift of eastern African orogens, and biotic interactions have had different effects on the various subclades of Bicyclus, producing one of the most spectacular butterfly radiations in Africa. [Afrotropics; biodiversity; biome; biotic interactions; Court Jester; extinction; grasslands; paleoclimates; Red Queen; refugia forests; dependent-diversification; speciation.].
|
|
| 3. |
- Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular phylogeny and generic-level taxonomy of the widespread palaeotropical 'Heteropsis clade' (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae: Mycalesina)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6970. ; 41:4, s. 717-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mycalesine butterfly genus Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 (Satyrinae: Mycalesina) has recently been conceived to be represented in three major palaeotropical regions (Madagascar, Africa and Asia), but there has been no formal taxonomic treatment covering this entire group. Studies aimed at understanding the evolutionary success of Mycalesina in the Old World tropics have been hampered by the lack of both a robust phylogeny and a stable nomenclature for this satyrine subtribe. Here, we present a well-supported molecular phylogeny based on 10 genes and 133 exemplar taxa, representing almost all known species groups of Heteropsis (s.l.), and including all but four known species in Madagascar. We also combine sequences of the exemplars with a morphological matrix of 428 characters. The widespread 'Heteropsis clade' is confirmed as monophyletic, but lineages in different geographic regions also form endemic and well-supported clades with deep divergences among them. Here we establish this group as comprising three genera, Heteropsis (Malagasy region only), Telinga Moore, 1880 (Asia), and Brakefieldia gen.n. (Africa). We recover the genera Telinga and Brakefieldia as sisters with high support. Each genus is taxonomically characterized and a revised synonymic checklist is appended with new combinations and some changes in rank. With a well-resolved topology and updates to the taxonomy of the group, researchers are now in a position to explore the drivers of the spectacular radiation of the group, notably in Madagascar, where the highest phenotypic and species diversity occurs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, et al.
(författare)
-
Systematics and historical biogeography of the Old World butterfly subtribe Mycalesina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 15, s. 167-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Butterflies of the subtribe Mycalesina have radiated successfully in almost all habitat types in Africa, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China and Australasia. Studies aimed at understanding the reasons behind the evolutionary success of this spectacular Old World butterfly radiation have been hampered by the lack of a stable phylogeny for the group. Here, we have reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework for the subtribe using 10 genes from 195 exemplar taxa. RESULTS: We recovered seven well supported clades within the subtribe corresponding to the five traditional genera (Lohora, Heteropsis, Hallelesis, Bicyclus, Mycalesis), one as recently revised (Mydosama) and one newly revised genus (Culapa). The phylogenetic relationships of these mycalesine genera have been robustly established for the first time. Within the proposed phylogenetic framework, we estimated the crown age of the subtribe to be 40 Million years ago (Mya) and inferred its ultimate origin to be in Asia. Our results reveal both vicariance and dispersal as factors responsible for the current widespread distribution of the group in the Old World tropics. We inferred that the African continent has been colonized at least twice by Asian mycalesines within the last 26 and 23 Mya. In one possible scenario, an Asian ancestor gave rise to Heteropsis on continental Africa, which later dispersed into Madagascar and most likely back colonised Asia. The second colonization of Africa by Asian ancestors resulted in Hallelesis and Bicyclus on continental Africa, the descendants of which did not colonise other regions but rather diversified only in continental Africa. The genera Lohora and Mydosama are derivatives of ancestors from continental Asia. CONCLUSION: Our proposed time-calibrated phylogeny now provides a solid framework within which we can implement mechanistic studies aimed at unravelling the ecological and evolutionary processes that culminated in the spectacular radiation of mycalesines in the Old World tropics.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bacquet, Paul M B, et al.
(författare)
-
Differentiation in putative male sex pheromone components across and within populations of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana as a potential driver of reproductive isolation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 6:17, s. 6064-6084
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual traits are often the most divergent characters among closely related species, suggesting an important role of sexual traits in speciation. However, to prove this, we need to show that sexual trait differences accumulate before or during the speciation process, rather than being a consequence of it. Here, we contrast patterns of divergence among putative male sex pheromone (pMSP) composition and the genetic structure inferred from variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 and nuclear CAD loci in the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler, 1879) to determine whether the evolution of “pheromonal dialects” occurs before or after the differentiation process. We observed differences in abundance of some shared pMSP components as well as differences in the composition of the pMSP among B. anynana populations. In addition, B. anynana individuals from Kenya displayed differences in the pMSP composition within a single population that appeared not associated with genetic differences. These differences in pMSP composition both between and within B. anynana populations were as large as those found between different Bicyclus species. Our results suggest that “pheromonal dialects” evolved within and among populations of B. anynana and may therefore act as precursors of an ongoing speciation process.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bacquet, Paul M B, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection on male sex pheromone composition contributes to butterfly reproductive isolation.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Royal Society of London. Proceedings B. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2954. ; 282:1804
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selection can facilitate diversification by inducing character displacement in mate choice traits that reduce the probability of maladaptive mating between lineages. Although reproductive character displacement (RCD) has been demonstrated in two-taxa case studies, the frequency of this process in nature is still debated. Moreover, studies have focused primarily on visual and acoustic traits, despite the fact that chemical communication is probably the most common means of species recognition. Here, we showed in a large, mostly sympatric, butterfly genus, a strong pattern of recurrent RCD for predicted male sex pheromone composition, but not for visual mate choice traits. Our results suggest that RCD is not anecdotal, and that selection for divergence in male sex pheromone composition contributed to reproductive isolation within the Bicyclus genus. We propose that selection may target olfactory mate choice traits as a more common sensory modality to ensure reproductive isolation among diverging lineages than previously envisaged.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brattström, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
AFLP reveals cryptic population structure in migratory European red admirals (Vanessa atalanta)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Ecological Entomology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2311 .- 0307-6946. ; 35:2, s. 248-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2. Using the software STRUCTURE 2.2, we found two distinct genotype clusters present in different frequencies at all study sites. The frequencies of these genotypic clusters varied significantly between years within the same site. Remarkably few individuals were of mixed ancestry, indicating that some isolating mechanisms are present. Twenty-seven mtDNA haplotypes were identified but they showed no geographic structure, nor were they related to either of the two genotype clusters identified in the AFLP data. 3. Most field observations of migrating red admirals suggest a regular north-south migration pattern in Europe. Our data indicate both long-distance migration and a more variable pattern in orientation, since the composition of the two genotypic clusters shows dramatic variation between sites and years in the northern part of the distribution range.
|
|
| 8. |
- Brattström, Oskar
(författare)
-
Ecology of red admiral migration
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The red admiral (Vanessa atalanta) is a migratory butterfly that can be found in North America, North Africa, Europe and some parts of Asia. In Europe the main part of the population spend winter in the Mediterranean region and the following spring leave this area to breed further to the north. At least one new generation is then produced in the summer region before they return to the south again in autumn. Among the European butterfly species that are known to migrate, the red admiral is the perhaps most regular in appearance making it a good candidate for studies of butterfly migration. In my thesis, I have studied the migration ecology of this species. Using AFLP analysis I found two distinct sub-populations with a predominantly western and eastern distribution, but in northern Europe there were large variation between sites considering which group were dominating. Individuals with intermediate genotype were rare, suggesting isolatory mechanisms being present. The winter ecology of red admirals was studied in Italy and when comparing the lipid content of the autumn and spring samples I found no evidence of hibernation during winter. I did find a difference in wing length between samples from the two seasons suggesting that reproduction takes place during winter. To be able to delineate the natal region of captured butterfly migrants I evaluated the geographical resolution of stable isotope methods in Sweden using the peacock (Inachis io), a species closely related to the red admiral. Isotopes of stable hydrogen is probably the most useful indicator for finding the origin of individuals of migratory butterflies in Europe even though variations due to difference in the local amount of precipitation can have a large impact on the results. Deuterium ratios in red admirals captured in Italy during spring indicated that they to some extent originate from North Africa. Samples from Spain and France appears to be isolated from Scandinavia, Italy and eastern Europe and samples from coastal regions showed larger variation. I studied orientation in red admirals on autumn migration using circular flight cages and video imaging. The main flight direction in early autumn was towards the north in 1999 but towards the south in 2002 and 2005. I also found evidence for a time-compensated sun compass but only during one year. Combining visual counts of red admirals at Falsterbo in southwestern Sweden with local weather data I have shown that red admirals selectively choose to migrate on days with easterly winds of low speed and clear skies. It was also evident that the date of peak migration as well as absolute numbers observed over the season is highly variable between years.
|
|
| 9. |
- Brattström, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of wind and weather on red admiral, Vanessa atalanta, migration at a coastal site in southern Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8282 .- 0003-3472. ; 76, s. 335-344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Each autumn, large numbers of red admirals migrate throughout northern Europe,flying south, to reach areas with conditions suitable for surviving the winter. We observed the visible butterfly migration at Falsterbo peninsula, the southwesternmost point in Sweden, where red admirals are seen most autumns. ying towards the Danish coast on their way to more southern parts of Europe. Weather parameters from a local weather station were used to analyse what factors are important for red admiral migration across the sea. Wind direction was among the important weather variables affecting the initiation of the migratory departure; most other studies of butterfly migration reported no large effect of wind direction. This difference is probably because the butterflies in our study were about to cross open sea for more than 20 km, whereas most previous studies were from inland locations where butterflies could avoid wind effects by. ying close to the ground or on the lee side of topographical features. Other important weather variables affecting red admiral migration at Falsterbo were low wind speed and clear skies. The flight direction at Falsterbo was towards the west, which is in contrast to the southward direction generally reported during autumn migration in this species. This is probably because the red admirals followed both the local topography and the closest route to land on the other side and therefore deviated from the normally preferred direction to minimize flight over open water. (c) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Brattström, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Geographic origin and migration phenology of European red admirals (Vanessa atalanta) as revealed by stable isotopes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Movement Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-3933. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-distance migration has evolved multiple times in different animal taxa. For insect migrants, the complete annual migration cycle covering several thousand kilometres, may be performed by several generations, each migrating part of the distance and reproducing. Different life-cycle stages and preferred orientation may thus, be found along the migration route. For migrating red admirals (Vanessa atalanta) it has been questioned if they reproduce in the most northern part of the range. Here we present migration phenology data from a two-year time series of migrating red admirals captured at Rybachy, Kaliningrad, in the northern part of Europe investigating time for migration, life-history stage (migration, reproduction) as well as site of origin in individual butterflies. Methods: Red admirals were captured daily at a coastal site during spring, summer and autumn in 2004 and 2005. For the sampled individuals, reproductive status and fuel content were estimated by visual inspection, and hydrogen isotopes (δ 2H) were analysed in wing samples. δ 2H values was compared with samples from two nearby reference sites in Estonia and Poland. Results: Analysis of hydrogen isotopes (δ 2H) in red admiral wings showed that the spring cohort were of a southerly origin, while those caught in August or later in the autumn were from the local region or areas further to the north. All females caught during spring had developing eggs in their abdomen, but no eggs were found in late summer/autumn. There was a male-biased sex ratio during autumn and a difference in lipid content between years. When comparing the isotopic data with inland nearby locations, it was clear that the range of δ 2H values (- 181 to - 78) was wider at Rybachy as compared to the two reference sites in Estonia and Poland (- 174 to - 100). Conclusions: During spring, migratory female red admirals arrived from the south and were ready to reproduce, while the autumn passage mainly engaged local and more northern individuals carrying large fuel deposits in preparation for long-distance migration. The phenology data suggest that individuals select to migrate in favourable weather conditions and that numbers may differ between years. Future studies should focus on individual sampling at a wide range of sites to reveal differential migration strategies and timing of migration between sexes and populations of migrating butterflies.
|
|
