| 1. |
- Olvegård, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity profile monitor for time resolved spectrometry at the CLIC Test Facility 3
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 683, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power source of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) relies on the generation and deceleration of a high-intensity electron drive beam. In order to provide the best radio-frequency (RF) to beam-energy transfer efficiency, the electron beam is accelerated using fully loaded RF cavities, which leads to strong beam loading effects resulting in a high-energy transient. The stability of the RF power produced by the drive beam depends on the stability of the drive beam energy and energy spread along the pulse. The control and the monitoring of the time evolution of the beam energy distribution are therefore crucial for the accelerator performance. For this purpose segmented beam dumps, which are simple and robust devices, have been designed and installed at the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3). These devices are located at the end of spectrometer lines and provide horizontal beam profiles with a time resolution better than 10 ns. The segmented dumps are composed of parallel, vertical, metallic plates, and are based on the same principle as a Faraday cup: the impinging beam current is read by a fast acquisition channel. Both FLUKA and Geant4 simulations were performed to define the optimum detector geometry for beam energies ranging from 5 MeV to 150 MeV. This paper presents a detailed description of the different steps of the design: the optimization of the detector spatial resolution, the minimization of the thermal load and the long-term damage resulting from high radiation doses. Four segmented dumps are currently used in the CTF3 complex. Their measured performance and limitations are presented in this paper. Typical beam spectra as measured in the CTF3 linac are also presented along with a description of the RF manipulations needed for tuning the beam energy spectrum.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dabrowski, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the bunch frequency multiplication at CTF3
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CTF3 facility is being built and commissioned by an international collaboration in order to test the feasibility of the proposed CLIC drive beam generation scheme. Central to this scheme is the use of RF deflectors to inject bunches into a Delay Loop and a Combiner Ring, in order to transform the initial bunch spacing of 1.5 GHz from the linac to a final bunch spacing of 12 GHz. The optimization procedure relies on several steps. The active length of each ring is carefully adjusted to within a few millimeters accuracy using a two‐period undulator. The transverse optics of the machine must be set-up in a way so as to ensure the beam isochronicity. Diagnostics based on optical streak cameras and RF power measurements have been designed to measure the longitudinal behaviour of the beam during the combination. This paper presents their performance and highlights recent measurements.
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| 5. |
- Dabrowski, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the bunch frequency multiplication at the 3rd CLIC Test Facility
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 7, s. P01005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) is being built and commissioned by an international collaboration to test the feasibility of the proposed Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) drive beam generation scheme. Central to this scheme is the use of RF deflectors to inject bunches into a delay loop and a combiner ring, in order to transform the initial bunch frequency of 1.5 GHz from the linac to a final bunch frequency of 12 GHz. To do so, the machine's transverse optics must be tuned to ensure beam isochronicity and each ring's length can finally be adjusted with wiggler magnets to a sub millimeter path length accuracy. Diagnostics based on optical streak camera and RF power measurements, in particular frequency bands, have been designed to measure the longitudinal behaviour of the beam during the combination. This paper presents the diagnostics and recent commissioning measurements.
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| 9. |
- Laissue, JA, et al.
(författare)
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Response of the rat spinal cord to X-ray microbeams
- 2013
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887. ; 106:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Matis, H. S., et al.
(författare)
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The BRAN luminosity detectors for the LHC
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 848, s. 114-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the several phases which led, from the conceptual design, prototyping, construction and tests with beam, to the installation and operation of the BRAN (Beam RAte of Neutrals) relative luminosity monitors for the LHC. The detectors have been operating since 2009 to contribute, optimize and maintain the accelerator performance in the two high luminosity interaction regions (IR), the IR1 (ATLAS) and the IR5 (CMS). The devices are gas ionization chambers installed inside a neutral particle absorber 140 m away from the Interaction Points in IR1 and IR5 and monitor the energy deposited by electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy neutral particles from the collisions. The detectors have the capability to resolve the bunch-by-bunch luminosity at the 40 MHz bunch rate, as well as to survive the extreme level of radiation during the nominal LHC operation. The devices have operated since the early commissioning phase of the accelerator over a broad range of luminosities reaching 1.4×1034 cm−2 s−1 with a peak pileup of 45 events per bunch crossing. Even though the nominal design luminosity of the LHC has been exceeded, the BRAN is operating well. After describing how the BRAN can be used to monitor the luminosity of the collider, we discuss the technical choices that led to its construction and the different tests performed prior to the installation in two IRs of the LHC. Performance simulations are presented together with operational results obtained during p-p operations, including runs at 40 MHz bunch rate, Pb-Pb operations and p-Pb operations.
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