| 1. |
- Cooil, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Iron-mediated growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC and diamond
- 2012
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 50:14, s. 5099-5105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ordered graphene films have been fabricated on Fe-treated SiC and diamond surfaces using the catalytic conversion of sp(3) to sp(2) carbon. In comparison with the bare SiC(0 0 0 1) surface, the graphitization temperature is reduced from over 1000 degrees C to 600 degrees C and for diamond (111), this new approach enables epitaxial graphene to be grown on this surface for the first time. For both substrates, a key development is the in situ monitoring of the entire fabrication process using real-time electron spectroscopy that provides the necessary precision for the production of films of controlled thickness. The quality of the graphene/graphite layers has been verified using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Graphene is only formed on treated regions of the surface and so this offers a method for fabricating and patterning graphene structures on SiC and diamond in the solid-state at industrially realistic temperatures. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Mazzola, F., et al.
(författare)
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Graphene coatings for chemotherapy: avoiding silver-mediated degradation
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2d Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1583. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemotherapy treatment usually involves the delivery of fluorouracil (5-Fu) together with other drugs through central venous catheters. Catheters and their connectors are increasingly treated with silver or argentic alloys/compounds. Complications arising from broken catheters are common, leading to additional suffering for patients and increased medical costs. Here, we uncover a likely cause of such failure through a study of the surface chemistry relevant to chemotherapy drug delivery, i.e. between 5-Fu and silver. We show that silver catalytically decomposes 5-Fu, compromising the efficacy of the chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, HF is released as a product, which will be damaging to both patient and catheter. We demonstrate that graphene surfaces inhibit this undesirable reaction and would offer superior performance as nanoscale coatings in cancer treatment applications.
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| 3. |
- Risinggård, Helene Kjær, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil on medical-grade silver surfaces
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 435, s. 1213-1219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The degradation of the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil by a non-pristine metal surfaces is studied. Using density functional theory, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy we show that the drug is entirely degraded by medical-grade silver surfaces, already at body temperature, and that all of the fluorine has left the molecule, presumably as HF. Remarkably, this degradation is even more severe than that reported previously for 5-fluorouracil on a pristine monocrystalline silver surface (in which case 80% of the drug reacted at body temperature) [1]. We conclude that the observed reaction is due to a reaction pathway, driven by H to F attraction between molecules on the surface, which results in the direct formation of HF; a pathway which is favoured when competing pathways involving reactive Ag surface sites are made unavailable by environmental contamination. Our measurements indicate that realistically cleaned, non-pristine silver alloys, which are typically used in medical applications, can result in severe degradation of 5-fluorouracil, with the release of HF – a finding which may have important implications for the handling of chemotherapy drugs.
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