| 1. |
- Backlund, Maria, 1969-
(författare)
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Phylogenetic Studies in the Gentianales – Approaches at Different Taxonomic Levels
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. All the plants studied are or have been included in the order Gentianales, which comprises about 17 200 species. The phylogenies are based on parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequence data (DNA) from different regions in the chloroplast genome, but morphological characteristics have also been studied. Analyses of sequence data from the genes rbcL and ndhF provide the interfamilial structure of the order Gentianales, shown to comprise the families Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepiadaceae), Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Exclusion of certain genera from the Loganiaceae is confirmed and their phylogenetic positions are clarified. Some of these genera remain within the Gentianales, while others belong to other orders. Exclusion of the tribe Buddlejeae from the Loganiaceae is confirmed, and a monophyletic group formed by Buddleja, Emorya, Gomphostigma, and Nicodemia is recognized and placed in the Lamiales. The Loganiaceae s.str. forms, after these exclusions, a strongly supported monophyletic group comprising 13 genera. The tribe Paederieae in the family Rubiaceae is analysed using sequence data from the regions rbcL gene, rps16 intron, and the regions trnT-F, and is shown to be paraphyletic. These results lead to a new circumscription of Paederieae comprising the genera Leptodermis, Paederia, Serissa, and Spermadictyon. The tribe Putorieae is reestablished with the single genus Plocama, including 34 species. Aitchisonia, Choulettia, Crocyllis, Gaillonia, Jaubertia, Pseudogaillonia, Pterogaillonia, and Putoria are reduced to synonyms of Plocama based on the molecular analyses and morphological studies. The Mediterranean species of the re-circumscribed Plocama, previously segregated as the genus Putoria, are revised. Two species, Plocama calabrica and P. brevifolia, are recognized, their synonymics are established, and seven lectotypes are selected.
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| 2. |
- Bremer, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 161:2, s. 105-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A revised and updated classification for the families of flowering plants is provided. Many recent studies have yielded increasingly detailed evidence for the positions of formerly unplaced families, resulting in a number of newly adopted orders, including Amborellales, Berberidopsidales, Bruniales, Buxales, Chloranthales, Escalloniales, Huerteales, Nymphaeales, Paracryphiales, Petrosaviales, Picramniales, Trochodendrales, Vitales and Zygophyllales. A number of previously unplaced genera and families are included here in orders, greatly reducing the number of unplaced taxa; these include Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales), Haptanthaceae (Buxales), Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Huaceae (Oxalidales), Centroplacaceae and Rafflesiaceae (both Malpighiales), Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae and Strasburgeriaceae (all Crossosomatales), Picramniaceae (Picramniales), Dipentodontaceae and Gerrardinaceae (both Huerteales), Cytinaceae (Malvales), Balanophoraceae (Santalales), Mitrastemonaceae (Ericales) and Boraginaceae (now at least known to be a member of lamiid clade). Newly segregated families for genera previously understood to be in other APG-recognized families include Petermanniaceae (Liliales), Calophyllaceae (Malpighiales), Capparaceae and Cleomaceae (both Brassicales), Schoepfiaceae (Santalales), Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae (all Caryophyllales) and Linderniaceaeand Thomandersiaceae (both Lamiales). Use of bracketed families is abandoned because of its unpopularity, and in most cases the broader circumscriptions are retained; these include Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceace and Xanthorrheaceae (all Asparagales), Passifloraceae (Malpighiales), Primulaceae (Ericales) and several other smaller families. Separate papers in this same volume deal with a new linear order for APG, subfamilial namesthat can be used for more accurate communication in Amaryllidaceae s.l., Asparagaceace s.l. and Xanthorrheaceae s.l. (all Asparagales) and a formal supraordinal classification for the flowering plants.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kårehed, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the Australasian families Alseuosmiaceae, Argophyllaceae, and Phellinaceae
- 1999
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Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 24:4, s. 660-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on results from cladistic analyses of morphology and DNA sequences (the two chloroplast genes rbcL and ndhF), the three Australasian families Alseuosmiaceae, Argophyllaceae, and Phellinaceae are each monophyletic, belong within Asterales, and together form a monophyletic group. Two new rbcL sequences and thirteen new ndhF sequences were obtained. Congruence tests did not reveal any significant incongruence between the two molecular data sets or between the molecular and morphological data. The character evolution of the Alseuosmiaceae-Argophyllaceae-Phellinaceae group is discussed. The Australasian ancestor of this group was probably a woody plant with simple, alternate, serrate leaves and regular, choripetalous, epigynous flowers borne in panicles. All tree families should be retained in line with the "principle of ease of identification."
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Cajsa Lisa, 1972-
(författare)
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Dating Divergence Times in Phylogenies
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns different aspects of dating divergence times in phylogenetic trees, using molecular data and multiple fossil age constraints.Datings of phylogenetically basal eudicots, monocots and modern birds (Neoaves) are presented. Large phylograms and multiple fossil constraints were used in all these studies. Eudicots and monocots are suggested to be part of a rapid divergence of angiosperms in the Early Cretaceous, with most families present at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Stem lineages of Neoaves were present in the Late Cretaceous, but the main divergence of extant families took place around the Cre-taceous/Tertiary boundary.A novel method and computer software for dating large phylogenetic trees, PATHd8, is presented. PATHd8 is a nonparametric smoothing method that smoothes one pair of sister groups at a time, by taking the mean of the added branch lengths from a terminal taxon to a node. Because of the local smoothing, the algorithm is simple, hence providing stable and very fast analyses, allowing for thousands of taxa and an arbitrary number of age constraints.The importance of fossil constraints and their placement are discussed, and concluded to be the most important factor for obtaining reasonable age estimates.Different dating methods are compared, and it is concluded that differences in age estimates are obtained from penalized likelihood, PATHd8, and the Bayesian autocorrelation method implemented in the multidivtime program. In the Bayesian method, prior assumptions about evolutionary rate at the root, rate variance and the level of rate smoothing between internal edges, are suggested to influence the results.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Anderson, Cajsa Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Dating phylogenetically basal eudicots using rbcL sequences and multiple fossil reference points
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. ; 92, s. 1737-1748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A molecular dating of the phylogenetically basal eudicots (Ranunculales, Proteales, Sabiales, Buxales and Trochodendrales sensuAngiosperm Phylogeny Group II) has been performed using several fossils as minimum age constraints. All rbcL sequences availablein GenBank were sampled for the taxa in focus. Dating was performed using penalized likelihood, and results were compared withnonparametric rate smoothing. Fourteen eudicot fossils, all with a Cretaceous record, were included in this study for age constraints.Nine of these are assigned to basal eudicots and the remaining five taxa represent core eudicots. Our study shows that the choice ofmethods and fossil constraints has a great impact on the age estimates, and that removing one single fossil change the results in themagnitude of tens of million years. The use of several fossil constraints increase the probability of approaching the true ages. Ourresults suggest a rapid diversification during the late Early Cretaceous, with all the lineages of basal eudicots emerging during thelatest part of the Early Cretaceous. The age of Ranunculales was estimated to 120 my, Proteales to 119 my, Sabiales to 118 my,Buxales to 117 my, and Trochodendrales to 116 my.
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