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- Burney, P., et al.
(författare)
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A case-control study of the relation between plasma selenium and asthma in European populations : a GAL2EN project
- 2008
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 63:7, s. 865-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is evidence that selenium levels are relatively low in Europe and may be falling. Low levels of selenium or low activity of some of the enzymes dependent on selenium have been associated with asthma. METHODS: The GA(2)LEN network has organized a multicentre case-control study in Europe to assess the relation of plasma selenium to asthma. The network compared 569 cases in 14 European centres with a diagnosis of asthma and reporting asthma symptoms in the last 12 months with 576 controls from the same centres with no diagnosis of asthma and no asthmatic symptoms in the last 12 months. RESULTS: All cases and controls were selected from the same population defined by age and place of residence. Mean plasma selenium concentrations among the controls ranged from 116.3 microg/l in Palermo to 67.7 microg/l in Vienna and 56.1 microg/l among the children in Oslo. Random effects meta-analysis of the results from the centres showed no overall association between asthma and plasma selenium [odds ratio (OR)/10 microg/l increase in plasma selenium: 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-1.21] though there was a significantly protective effect in Lodz (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29-0.78) and a marginally significant adverse effect in Amsterdam (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 0.98-2.90) and Ghent (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03-1.77). CONCLUSION: This study does not support a role for selenium in protection against asthma, but effect modification and confounding cannot be ruled out.
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- Mandelli, GE, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor Infiltrating Neutrophils Are Enriched in Basal-Type Urothelial Bladder Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Urothelial bladder cancers (UBCs) are distinct in two main molecular subtypes, namely basal and luminal type. Subtypes are also diverse in term of immune contexture, providing a rationale for patient selection to immunotherapy. Methods: By digital microscopy analysis of a muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) cohort, we explored the density and clinical significance of CD66b+ tumor-associated-neutrophils (TAN) and CD3+ T cells. Bioinformatics analysis of UBC datasets and gene expression analysis of UBC cell lines were additionally performed. Results: Basal type BC contained a significantly higher density of CD66b+ TAN compared to the luminal type. This finding was validated on TCGA, GSE32894 and GSE124305 datasets by computing a neutrophil signature. Of note, basal-type MIBC display a significantly higher level of chemokines (CKs) attracting neutrophils. Moreover, pro-inflammatory stimuli significantly up-regulate CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8 in 5637 and RT4 UBC cell lines and induce neutrophil chemotaxis. In term of survival, a high density of T cells and TAN was significantly associated to a better outcome, with TAN density showing a more limited statistical power and following a non-linear predicting model. Conclusions: TAN are recruited in basal type MIBC by pro-inflammatory CKs. This finding establishes a groundwork for a better understanding of the UBC immunity and its relevance.
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- Di Pede, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Evaluation of Human Intervention Studies to Unravel the Bioavailability of Hydroxycinnamic Acids
- 2024
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 40:7-9, s. 510-541
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significance: Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are the main phenolic acids in the western diet. Harmonizing the available information on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of HCAs is fundamental to unraveling the compounds responsible for their health effects. This work systematically assessed pharmacokinetics, including urinary recovery, and bioavailability of HCAs and their metabolites, based on literature reports.Recent Advances: Forty-seven intervention studies with coffee, berries, herbs, cereals, tomato, orange, grape products, and pure compounds, as well as other sources yielding HCA metabolites, were included. Up to 105 HCA metabolites were collected, mainly acyl-quinic and C-6-C-3 cinnamic acids. C-6-C-3 cinnamic acids, such as caffeic and ferulic acid, reached the highest blood concentrations (maximum plasma concentration [C-max] = 423 nM), with time to reach C-max (T-max) values ranging from 2.7 to 4.2 h. These compounds were excreted in urine in higher amounts than their phenylpropanoic acid derivatives (4% and 1% of intake, respectively), but both in a lower percentage than hydroxybenzene catabolites (11%). Data accounted for 16 and 18 main urinary and blood HCA metabolites, which were moderately bioavailable in humans (collectively 25%).Critical Issues: A relevant variability emerged. It was not possible to unequivocally assess the bioavailability of HCAs from each ingested source, and data from some plant based-foods were absent or inconsistent.Future Directions: A comprehensive study investigating the ADME of HCAs derived from their most important dietary sources is urgently required. Eight key metabolites were identified and reached interesting plasma C-max concentrations and urinary recoveries, opening up new perspectives to evaluate their bioactivity at physiological concentrations.
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- Di Pede, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in humans: A systematic review and comprehensive data analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Aspects of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9452 .- 0098-2997. ; 89
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This systematic review summarizes findings from human studies investigating the different routes of absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (ADME) of dietary flavan-3-ols and their circulating metabolites in healthy subjects. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science. Human intervention studies using single and/or multiple intake of flavan-3-ols from food, extracts, and pure compounds were included. Forty-nine human intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Up to 180 metabolites were quantified from blood and urine samples following intake of flavan-3-ols, mainly as phase 2 conjugates of microbial catabolites (n = 97), with phenyl-γ-valerolactones being the most representative ones (n = 34). Phase 2 conjugates of monomers and phenyl-γ-valerolactones, the main compounds in both plasma and urine, reached two peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 260 and 88 nmol/L at 1.8 and 5.3 h (Tmax) after flavan-3-ol intake. They contributed to the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols for over 20%. Mean bioavailability for flavan-3-ols was moderate (31 ± 23%, n bioavailability values = 20), and it seems to be scarcely affected by the amount of ingested compounds. While intra- and inter-source differences in flavan-3-ol bioavailability emerged, mean flavan-3-ol bioavailability was 82% (n = 1) and 63% (n = 2) after (−)-epicatechin and nut (hazelnuts, almonds) intake, respectively, followed by 25% after consumption of tea (n = 7), cocoa (n = 5), apples (n = 3) and grape (n = 2). This highlights the need to better clarify the metabolic yield with which monomer flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins are metabolized in humans. This work clarified in a comprehensive way for the first time the ADME of a (poly)phenol family, highlighting the pool of circulating compounds that might be determinants of the putative beneficial effects linked to flavan-3-ol intake. Lastly, methodological inputs for implementing well-designed human and experimental model studies were provided.
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- Ericson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical evaluation of two minimal interventional restorative approaches : 5-year follow-up
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the performance of two minimally invasive restorative treatment approaches for managing dental caries. Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women (second trimester of pregnancy), mean age 22±5.30 years, were treated by two previously trained operators. The treatment approaches tested were: chemo-mechanical (Carisolv-MediTeam, Sweden) and mechanical (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment -ART) methods. A parallel-group study design was used in which the two treatments were randomly placed in 50 matched pairs of permanent teeth. The treatments were performed in Public Health Centers located in suburban areas of Bauru city in Brazil. The restorative material used was high strength glass ionomer cement (Ketac Molar, 3M ESPE).The restorations were evaluated by 2 calibrated independent double-blind examiners according to ART criteria. The inter examiner kappa was 0.93. The data were analyzed using 95% confidence interval on the binomial distribution and Fisher Exact test. A difference was statistically significant if p<0.05. Results: In a 5-year follow-up, 34% of the restorations were evaluated. In the chemo-mechanical group 53% (CI=27-77%) of the restorations were considered as successful and in the mechanical group 60% (CI=33-83%). There was no statistically significant difference between the 5-year success rate for both groups (p=0.73). Conclusion: The two minimal interventional restorative approaches showed similar clinical performance after 5 years.
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