| 1. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Trauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of experimental psychology. General. - : AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 0096-3445 .- 1939-2222. ; 133:1, s. 3-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three experiments indexed the effect of various concurrent tasks, while watching a traumatic film, on intrusive memory development. Hypotheses were based on the dual-representation theory of Posttraumatic stress disorder (C. R. Brewin, T. Dalgleish, & S. Joseph, 1996). Nonclinical participants viewed a trauma film under various encoding conditions and recorded any spontaneous intrusive memories of the film over the following week in a diary. Changes in state dissociation, heart rate, and mood were also measured. As predicted, performing a visuospatial pattern tapping task at encoding significantly reduced the frequency of later intrusions, whereas a verbal distraction task increased them. Intrusive memories were largely unrelated to recall and recognition measures. Increases in dissociation and decreases in heart rate during the film were also associated with later intrusions.
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| 2. |
- Brewin, C R, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 23:3, s. 339-376
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We summarize recent research on the psychological processes implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an aid to evaluating theoretical models of the disorder. After describing a number of early approaches, including social-cognitive, conditioning, information-processing, and anxious apprehension models of PTSD, the article provides a comparative analysis and evaluation of three recent theories: Foa and Rothbaum's [Foa, E. B. & Rothbaum, B. O. (1998). Treating the trauma of rape: cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. New York: Guilford Press] emotional processing theory; Brewin, Dalgleish, and Joseph's [Psychological Review 103 (1996) 670] dual representation theory; Ehlers and Clark's [Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000) 319] cognitive theory. We review empirical evidence relevant to each model and identify promising areas for further research. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Stuart, A D P, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of a visuospatial grounding task on intrusive images of a traumatic film
- 2006
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 44:4, s. 611-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonclinical participants watched a trauma film under two processing conditions. During part of the film participants carried out a concurrent visuospatial grounding task consisting of the construction of shapes out of plasticine (modelling clay), while the rest of the film constituted a control, no task condition. The visuospatial task was predicted to selectively compete for processing resources required for intrusive image formation. As predicted, spontaneous intrusive images during the succeeding week were significantly less common from those parts of the film that coincided with the concurrent task. The task had no effect on levels of distress or peritraumatic dissociation, consistent with the hypothesis that intrusions were reduced because the task competed for resources necessary for encoding into an image-based memory system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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