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Sökning: WFRF:(Brink Mikael PhD)

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1.
  • Boman, Antonia, 1991- (författare)
  • Early rheumatoid arthritis : biomarkers and hormonal factors in relation to disease progression
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, affecting approximately 0.5 to 1% of the adult population. Although the aetiology is not fully known, a complex interaction between genetic, environmental and stochastic factors is thought to trigger the pathogenic mechanisms. A distinguishing feature of RA is the presence of disease associated autoantibodies, mainly rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated antibodies (ACPA), which are important in both diagnostic and prognostic purpose. The disease is systemic but primarily affects the joints, and can cause irreversible destructions of cartilage and bone, eventually leading to functional disabilities. Moreover, extra-articular features (i.e., symptoms outside the joints) can occur and the patients have an increased risk for comorbidities, predominantly cardiovascular disease. Since the disease is heterogenous, varying from mild to more severe forms, the prognosis can be difficult to predict. Improvements in early diagnosis and identification of patients at risk of a more severe disease course can lead to better outcomes for the patients. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate prognostic biomarkers, and to evaluate hormonal and reproductive factors in relation to cardiovascular events (CVE) in patients with newly diagnosed RA (symptoms <12 months).Methods: The patients were included in a prospective inception cohort from the years of 1996 to 2017 and followed-up regularly at the early RA clinics in the northern region of Sweden. Clinical and laboratory parameters, and treatment were regularly recorded in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a multiplex assay were used to analyse bone remodelling factors and ACPA reactivities, respectively. Questionnaires regarding hormonal and reproductive factors were sent out to female patients ≤80 years. Information of CVE was extracted from the Swedish National Health Register and Cause of Death Register. Potential markers for disease progression i.e., bone remodelling factors and autoantibodies were analysed in relation to disease progression. Hormonal and reproductive factors were analysed in relation to CVE. Results: In paper I we found associations between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL), a central molecule of bone metabolism, and radiological findings at baseline, 24 months, and radiological progression analysed in 407 RA patients. The combination of RANKL and anti-CCP positivity indicated a more severe disease course in terms of joint destruction. Sclerostin was not associated with radiological outcome. Polymorphisms of the genes for sclerostin (SOST) and RANKL (TNFSF11) did not show significant associations with radiological outcome or with the concentrations, respectively. In paper II, we found that even though antibody status is considered in clinical practice and modern treatment reduces disease activity, the radiographic joint damage remained increased among anti-CCP positive patients. In paper III, 22 different ACPA reactivities were analysed in relation to disease courses of RA. The presence of a higher number of different ACPA reactivities, and different ACPA subtypes could provide prognostic information of disease activity and radiological destruction. In paper IV, we found that hormonal and reproductive factors were associated with CVE in female patients. A higher number of childbirths increased the risk for CVE, whilst oral contraceptives decreased the risk. The majority of patients with later CVE had their RA disease onset after menopause and had a longer duration from menopause until RA onset.Conclusion: RANKL can function as a prognostic marker for the disease course of RA. Even though anti-CCP antibodies are taken into account in clinical practice and treatment reduce disease activity, the joint damage can progress, supporting the direct bone degrading effects by ACPA. The number of, and different subtypes of ACPA, can predict different disease progression. These markers can be valuable to identify patients at need for more aggressive treatment and careful radiographic monitoring, even if disease activity is under control. Finally, hormonal factors such as childbirths, oral contraceptives and the timing of RA onset in relation to hormonal status can add value for the evaluation of CVE risk in female RA patients. 
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2.
  • Boman, Antonia, et al. (författare)
  • Antibodies against citrullinated peptides are associated with clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis : a prospective longitudinal inception cohort study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2056-5933. ; 5:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) responses for 22 citrullinated peptides in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analysed and related to radiological and clinical outcome during the first 2 years in a prospective inception cohort.Methods: The ACPA reactivities were assessed in 1022 patients with early RA (symptoms <12 months) using the custom-made microarray chip (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden) in a prospective longitudinal study of observational assessments of Disease Activity Score (DAS28 and its components) and radiology during the first 24 months, accounting for the treatment.Results: Frequency of ACPA reactivities varied between 13.3% and 63.1%. Of the anticyclic citrullinated peptide-2 (anti-CCP2) antibody-negative patients, ACPA reactivities were positive in 32.6%. Smoking, human leucocyte antigen-shared epitope (HLA-SE), anti-CCP2/rheumatoid factor, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (1858C/T) and DAS28 were significantly associated with number of ACPA reactivities. The ACPA reactivities modified differently the development of DAS28 over 24 months (identified using trajectories). Anti-Filaggrin307-324, anti-hnRNP (Peptide)-Z1 and anti-F4-CIT-R antibodies anticipated lower DAS28 values (p<0.01–0.05), while positivity for anti-Fibrinogen(Fib)β62-78(74), and anti-Fibα563-583 predicted higher DAS28 (p<0.01 both). Interaction between anti-Fibß36-52, anti-Pept-5 and anti-Bla-26 antibodies, respectively, and DAS28 during 24 months decreased significantly the DAS28 values (p<0.01–0.05). Corticosteroids and biologicals were related to DAS28-area under the curve and Larsen score 24 months. Anti-vimentin2-17 antibodies remained significantly associated with Larsen score at baseline and 24 months, respectively, and radiological progression, besides biologicals at 24 months adjusted for sex and age.Conclusions: Several ACPA reactivities modified significantly the DAS28 development during the first 24 months and were significantly associated with Larsen score at baseline, 24 months and radiological progression.
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3.
  • Brink, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Protein Profiling in Presymptomatic Individuals Separates Myeloperoxidase-Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody and Proteinase 3-Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Vasculitides
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 75:6, s. 996-1006
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a chronic relapsing condition with unknown etiology. To gain insight into the molecular processes underlying the disease, we examined biomarkers in blood samples collected prior to symptom onset. Methods. The National Patient Register and Cause of Death register were searched for AAV-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision codes and linked to the registers from 5 biobanks. Eighty-five AAV patients with samples predating symptom onset of AAV were identified. For each case of AAV, 2 matched controls were included. Proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA expression levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Using an Olink Inflammation panel, 73 of 92 proteins were included after quality control. Data were replicated in a second cohort of 48 presymptomatic individuals and 96 controls. Results. Of the 20 proteins with the lowest P values in the original cohort, 7 were replicated in the second cohort and 5 proteins were found to be significant between the groups in a meta-analysis. Eleven different pathways were identified in network enrichment analyses and were found to be significant in both cohorts. Stratification of samples obtained <= 5 years before symptom onset showed significant levels of CCL23, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and hepatocyte growth factor, which were also increased at borderline significant levels in the replication cohort (interleukin-6 was found to be significantly increased in the replication cohort). In presymptomatic AAV patients, 6 proteins were associated with MPO-ANCA positivity, and 7 proteins were associated with PR3-ANCA positivity. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify protein markers preceding symptom onset in AAV patients. These findings set the stage for further research into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AAV and the diversification of patients into PR3-ANCA+ and MPO-ANCA+ subphenotypes.
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4.
  • Johansson, Linda, 1991- (författare)
  • Insights into the processes preceding the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in the majority of all patients and a persistent inflammation in the synovial tissue leading to joint destruction. The aetiology of RA remains to a large extent unknown but is believed to be a complex interplay between genetic, environmental and stochastic factors. Recently, several infectious agents have been shown to have the capacity to induce citrullination of both endogenous and exogenous antigens e.g., Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis). Disease progression in patients with RA is suggested to be a longstanding process that begins several years before symptom onset of RA. This hypothesis is supported by studies showing increased antibody levels against ACPA and disease related cytokines/chemokines several years before symptom onset of RA. The presence of ACPA is highly specific for RA and is already used as an indicator of progression and prognosis of the disease. This thesis is aimed to further investigate the origin and role of ACPA and the processes preceding the development of RA. New insights into these processes are of importance in order to be able to prevent the disease onset, achieve better diagnostic methods and treatments in the future.All of the individuals included in these papers, had attended to the Department of Rheumatology at Umeå University to receive their diagnosis of RA. The register of the patients were thereafter co-analysed with the register of the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden. Plasma/sera samples were analysed for antibodies and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) using different ELISA techniques from individuals before symptom onset (pre-symptomatic individuals) and at disease onset (patients). Cytokines/chemokines were analysed using Meso Scale Discovery methods. Levels of marginal jawbone loss were measured using dental radiographs from premolar/molar regions. The Larsen score at disease onset was used to grade radiographs of hands and feet.In Paper I antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 and 2 (VCP1 and VCP2) and histone 4 (H4) derived citrullinated peptides (HCP1 and HCP2) were found to predate symptom onset of RA. In Paper II, antibodies against anti-P.gingivalis (anti-CPP3 and -RgpB IgG) were significantly increased in pre-symptomatic individuals and were detectable several years before symptom onset of RA. In Paper III the concentration of RANKL was shown to be increased several years before symptom onset of RA, especially in ACPA/rheumatoid factor (RF)/anti-carbamylated (CarP) antibody positive individuals. Positivity for RANKL was found to appear later in time than both positivity for ACPA, RF and anti-CarP antibodies. The highest Larsen score at disease onset was yielded when combining positivity for RANKL and anti-CarPivantibodies. In Paper IV periodontitis, defined as marginal jawbone loss was significantly higher in pre-symptomatic individuals who never smoked, compared with matched controls. RANKL positive individuals particularly those that were also ACPA positive, had a significantly greater extent of jawbone loss in comparison to those individuals who were RANKL negative.Antibodies against citrullinated exogenous and endogenous peptides were found to be associated with the symptom onset of RA. No hierarchy among the citrullinated epitopes could be identified. RANKL levels were particular increased in ACPA-positive individuals, and RANKL positivity appeared later in time than the general ACPA response. Periodontitis, defined as marginal jawbone loss was significantly higher in pre-symptomatic individuals, who never smoked.
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