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- Broberg, Thomas K, 1968
(författare)
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Older car drivers - Needs of vehicle support for safe individual mobility
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the demographic is changing with the growth of the population of older citizens, concerns have been raised for this group in terms of mobility as well as traffic safety. In this context the automobile is an important means of transport. There is a rapid development of Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) and Collision Avoidance Technologies by the car industry providing driving support and helping to reduce road traffic casualties. The question then arises how to further leverage this technology development in order to account for the changes in driver demographics focusing on the aging population. Hence, research to further understand potential specific needs of older drivers, the situations in which their capacity is challenged and any influencing behavioural factors, is essential.In this thesis some behavioural factors influencing older car drivers have been identified and some of the challenging situations where they occur are described. On-road experiments with eye-tracking as well as driving assessments together with in-depth interviews have been used for this study. The study found that challenging situations include driving through intersections but also driving in city environments on straight roads. A behavioural factor of concern that was found is visual attention, specifically in intersections where also a difference in observational pattern compared to younger drivers was identified. Another factor discovered is poor speed adaptation in relation to the situation and driver capability. Further, lack of awareness of own behaviour and ability, as well as the effect of driver attitudes, are described as some of the underlying factors influencing the behaviour of the older driver. In this context different categories of drivers are specified. In relation to these findings the implications on existing and emerging ADAS and Collision Avoidance Technologies are discussed, concluding that Automatic Emergency Brake (AEB) and collision avoidance technologies designed for intersection scenarios could be highly beneficial for older drivers. It is further concluded that driver support to help adapt speed to the situation may be more difficult to address as underlying factors such as attitudes and social acceptance issues must be considered. The object of this research is to provide insights within areas of ever increasing importance related to automotive safety and to emphasise one aspect of this growing research area, the elderly in an everyday societal context, individual transportation. The topic of this thesis is a guiding philosophy and the belief that technology designed for assisting older car drivers will not only benefit that specific group, but car drivers in general.
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| 2. |
- Broberg, Thomas K, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-crash factors influencing drivers of older ages in intersection collisions
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury; Bern; Switzerland; 17 September 2008 through 19 September 2008. - 9783033015807 ; , s. 149-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to understand the driver needs from a preventive and protective perspective focusing on cognitive pre-crash factors influencing the older driver in intersection collisions. The study combines information from a statistical dataset and 33 in-depth cases. The statistical data confirms results from prior studies indicating that the 55+ drivers are relatively more involved in collisions occurring in intersections having an overall higher injury risk compared to the comparative group of drivers aged 25-35. The in-depth data indicates that missed observations were one major cause in the development of the collision scenarios studied. The major possible causes together with the contributing causes are analyzed and discussed.
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| 3. |
- Broberg, Thomas K, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Safe mobility for elderly drivers-Considerations based on expert and self-assessment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 66, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To further understand the needs of the growing population of elderly drivers and create solutions for safe mobility it is important to understand the driving scenarios and aspects in day to day traffic that may be of challenge for this group. More so, individual differences in how drivers perceive their own driving ability may have an effect on how individuals limit their mobility and/or increase their exposure to risk situations, with a potential negative effect on safety. In this study two sets of assessments have been used in order to identify scenarios and aspects needing consideration in creating safe mobility for elderly drivers; an expert assessment using on-road driving together with assessments through semi structured in-depth interviews. This combination also enables categorisation of the drivers, comparing their own perception of their driving performance with the expert assessment based on actual on-road driving. Four different categories of drivers were identified: adequate (positive), over, under and adequate (negative) estimators. A number of important aspects were identified in the study. Adapting speed to the situation and driving too fast, especially on straight roads in the city, is one aspect. Seeking the attention of other road users at intersections and roundabouts is another important consideration identified. Awareness of difficulties related to speed adaptation and attention was low amongst all the driver categories. However, a difference in attitude was seen in the categories with a more humble and acceptant attitude amongst the adequate and under estimator groups, as compared to the over estimators suggesting that the aspect of attitudes is another important factor for consideration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Dukic, Tania, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Older drivers' visual search behaviour at intersections
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 15:4, s. 462-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that older drivers are more likely to be involved in collisions in complex traffic scenarios like intersections even if they are not more involved in accidents in general. Moreover, being more vulnerable, the older driver is generally at higher risk of sustaining an injury when involved in a traffic accident. Even though there may be many factors leading to the over-involvement of older drivers in intersection collisions it is clear that the visual capacity and the ability to observe may be one of the possible causes that is of high interest to understand further. The objective of the study is to identify to what degree the visual behaviour could explain older drivers' involvement in intersection accidents. A 20 km long route composed by intersections in rural and urban environment was selected to collect both driving and eye movement data. Two groups of drivers were compared, one group aged 35-55 years and one aged 75 and above. Apart from the driving data, neck flexibility measurement was performed. The results from the neck flexibility measurement showed a clear age effect, with the older drivers showing less neck flexibility. When it comes to visual behaviour data, a difference was also found concerning the area of interest the drivers looked at; while the older drivers looked more at lines and markings on the road to position themselves in the traffic, the younger drivers looked more at dynamic objects such as other cars representing a possible threat. The difference in the visual behaviour should be used to design safety systems for all drivers to support them when they drive through an intersection.
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| 5. |
- Dukic Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Characteristics of Older Drivers and Their Relationship to the Useful Field of View Test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 63:2, s. 180-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To maintain the mobility of older people in later life, it is essential to sustain their autonomy; however, driving is a complex task, requiring a large range of visual, psychomotor and cognitive abilities. Subsequently, a key issue is to measure and evaluate the fitness to drive of older drivers. Several methods have been proposed, among them the useful field of view (UFOV) test.The present study aimed to identify driving characteristics in older drivers and the relationship between the UFOV test and the on-road driving results. A total of 80 drivers aged 70 years or older performed both the UFOV test and the on-road driving assessment. The ‘B On-Road' (Behaviour On-Road) protocol was used for the fitness-to-drive assessment. ‘Driving too fast' was the item reported most often during the on-road assessment, followed by problems with the manual gearbox and ‘attention to signs, road lines and traffic lights'. Overall, the results showed that the older the driver, the more errors were reported during the on-road driving assessment, as well as the slower the performance on the UFOV test. A significant relationship between the total number of on-road errors, as measured by the B On-Road protocol, and the UFOV 3, which stresses the capacity of selective attention, was found.The recommendation is still to use on-road driving assessment to fully assess fitness to drive for older drivers whose ability to drive requires assessment. However, to supplement this, the UFOV test, in particular the UFOV 3, is a valuable complement in selecting those drivers requiring to be assessed.
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