| 1. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 2. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy : 1955, 1965, and 1975
- 1983
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Ingår i: The American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9610. ; 146:3, s. 342-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the same period of time, the perioperative costs increased by 90 percent due to increased length of operation time correlated with an increasing proportion of inexperienced operating surgeons. At present, there seem to be few possible ways to increase the cost efficiency of treating appendicitis.
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| 3. |
- Brodin, Göran, 1945-
(författare)
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Egenvårdens ansikten : Om egenvård från kvacksalveri till patientdemokrati och e-health
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the relations between self-care and the Swedish state, certain authorities and professional health care organisations Self-care is defined as “the speech of the knowledge and activity of layman related to medicine”. The traditional narrow medical perspectives on self-care are broaden to political conditions, patient democracy and other aspects of social science. In the thesis the analysis focuses on the major actors in the health care field as well as the discursive changes of self-care during the period of 1930 – 2000.Two different methods are combined in the analyse: 1 A historical analysis where different contextual and period related conditions in the development of self-care are considered and 2. A pragmatic discourse analysis. The first method is based on an actor related analysis by a strong focus on the contextual circumstances. In the second method the object is the various discourses concerned with self-care. Discourse is specified as the social dialogue and struggle over self-care as a phenomen of society and health politics. The analysis is based on the speech of self-care from key actors, and not on the implementation of the politic.During the total period four relatively dominant discourses of self-care appear. Together with the fifth – a dominant discourse of health care – self-care follows several historical and extraordinary phases of change. Within the fifth discourse of self-care there are during the turn of the 21th century two strong and new discourses – the Information technology and the Swedish conservative and other liberal parties critiques of the state as well as the welfare state model. The last one is encompassed by an argument for a shift of the system to a market based health care organisation. There has been a dramatic shift during the seven decades of self-care. The developmental process, concerning the changing relationship between health care, sick care, patients and the public, can be described as one from paternalism to autonomy.
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| 4. |
- Brodin, Ida
(författare)
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Chemical Properties and Thermal Behaviour of Kraft Lignins
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research concerning lignin has increased during the last years due to its renewability and ready availability in black liquor at pulp mills. Today, the kraft lignin found in black liquor is used as a fuel to gain energy in the recovery boiler at the mill. However, a new isolation concept, LignoBoost®, has enabled isolation of part of the lignin while allowing the use of black liquor as a fuel. This isolated lignin can be utilised as a fuel in, for example, thermal power stations or further upgraded to more value-added products. In this context, the most interesting value-added product is carbon fibre. The demand for carbon fibre has increased, but the biggest obstacle for a more extended use is the high production cost. About half of the production cost is related to the raw material. In this work, the possibility of using kraft lignin as a precursor for carbon fibre production has been investigated through fundamental studies. Kraft lignins originating from birch, Eucalyptus globulus, softwoods and softwoods from liner production have been studied. By separating the lignin while still in solution in the black liquor, unwanted large particles such as carbohydrates can easily be removed. After isolation according to the LignoBoost process and purification with the use of an ion-exchanger, the lignins have been both chemically and thermally characterised. Identification of the released compounds at different temperatures has been performed because only 40% of carbon relative to original lignin remains, down from theoretical 60% after thermal treatment up to 1000°C. The main released compounds were phenols, as revealed by pyrolysis-GC/MS. Additionally, a pre-oxidation was done in order to try to stabilise the lignins. It was shown that an oxidation prior to the thermal treatment increases the yield by more than 10% and that the main release of compounds takes place between 400°C and 600°C. Fractionated lignin is better qualified as raw material for carbon fibre production because it is purer and its softening temperature can be detected. Fractionated kraft lignins from all investigated wood sources have high possibilities to act as precursors for the manufacture of carbon fibre.
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| 5. |
- Brodin, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Kraft lignin as feedstock for chemical products : The effects of membrane filtration
- 2009
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 63:3, s. 290-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of technical lignins as feedstock for chemical products will require improvements in purity, molecular mass distribution, and thermal behavior. Therefore, industrial black liquors from kraft pulping of softwood (spruce/ pine) and hardwood (birch and Eucalyptus globulus) have been subjected to fractionation according to molecular mass by ceramic membranes. After acidification and isolation of the lignin fractions, a variety of analytical methods have been applied to help understand their structure - property relationships. From all types of lignin, the chemical and polymeric properties of fractions isolated from the membrane permeates were more homogeneous. This demonstrates that technical kraft lignins, irrespective of origin, may constitute an interesting feedstock for products, such as carbon fibers, adhesives, and phenol-based polymers.
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| 6. |
- Brodin, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Kraft lignin as feedstock for chemical products : The effects of membrane filtration
- 2009
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 63:3, s. 290-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of technical lignins as feedstock for chemical products will require improvements in purity, molecular mass distribution, and thermal behavior. Therefore, industrial black liquors from kraft pulping of softwood (spruce/pine) and hardwood (birch and Eucalyptus globulus) have been subjected to fractionation according to molecular mass by ceramic membranes. After acidification and isolation of the lignin fractions, a variety of analytical methods have been applied to help understand their structure - property relationships. From all types of lignin, the chemical and polymeric properties of fractions isolated from the membrane permeates were more homogeneous. This demonstrates that technical kraft lignins, irrespective of origin, may constitute an interesting feedstock for products, such as carbon fibers, adhesives, and phenol-based polymers.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brodin, Ida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative stabilisation of kraft lignin for carbon fibre production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 66:2, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of investigating kraft lignin as a raw material for carbon fibre production, different lignins have been stabilised in air at conditions varied according to a full factorial experimental design. The lignins under examination were purified kraft lignin powders originating from birch, spruce/pine and Eucalyptus globules, as well as lignin fibres originating from birch with 5% poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) added as a plasticiser. The influence of temperature, time and heating rate on yield and glass-transition temperature (Tg) was investigated. The highest yield was achieved after stabilisation at 280C during 2 h with a heating rate of 0.2C min-1. The Tg of all lignin powders was increased when stabilisation occurred under harsher conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS) of both the outer surface and the cleaved cross-section of individual lignin/PEO fibres showed a clear gradient in the degree of chemical modification, with the major change occurring on the surface resulting in the appearance of a skin-core structure after stabilisation. The behaviour of the lignin fibres during stabilisation is similar to that of pitch-based fibres, indicating good possibilities for lignin as raw material for carbon fibre production.
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| 9. |
- Brodin, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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The behavior of kraft lignin during thermal treatment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2370 .- 1873-250X. ; 87:1, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purified kraft lignin fractions from technical pulping liquors of softwood and hardwood have been subjected to step-wise analytical pyrolysis in the temperature interval 200-900 degrees C. The heterogenic structure of kraft lignin was revealed by the formation of pyrolysis products throughout the entire temperature interval although the majority of products were formed at 500-600 degrees C. Beyond 700 degrees C, no further pyrolysis products could be detected but a substantial portion of the lignin was shown to be converted into thermally stable products (char) not accessible by analytical pyrolysis. With pre-oxidation of the lignin with air at 250 degrees C prior to pyrolysis, a shift towards higher pyrolysis temperature was observed with a concomitant change in product composition. Thermal gravimetric analysis on such lignins also showed an improved stability against degradation. Methylation of the lignin prior to pyrolysis did not induce any significant changes in behavior, except for much lower T-g values.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Initial experience with a thin single segment pressure and conductance catheter for measurement of left ventricular volume
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annual Reports of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. ; , s. 103-106
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate a thin and soft multifunctionalcatheter for the simultaneous real time monitoring of leftventricular volume and pressure with special consideration toside elTects such as interference with normal cardiacelectrophysiology.Methods and results: In four pigs, pressure and volumewere simultaneously recorded by using the thin single segmentpressure and conductance catheter. Measurements were doneunder varied cardiac conditions: at baseline, during preloadreduction and afterload Increase. Volumes were calibrated withintracardiac ultrasound measurements. During preloadreduction the pressure and volume decreased as expected. Acautious afterload increase resulted in a corresponding pressureand volume increase, the maximum of the pressure curvechanged from early to late. Both SV and EDV increased. Thevery few arrhythmias were mainly caused by surgicalinterference.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that our thinsingle segment conductance catheter for the simultaneousmeasurement of LV volume and pressure has a performancethat warrants further development with the goal to make themethod available for human use. In particular, the catheter didnot cause any arrhythmias.
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