| 1. |
- Brolin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Second cycle education program in virtual ergonomics and design
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960708 - 9783319960715 ; , s. 1058-1065
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current product and production development tends to become more complex where principal design decisions are made in very early development phases when product data only exist in virtual formats. To support this virtual product realisation process there exist a number of tools and technologies. Considering ergonomics and human factors in an increasingly complex process with often complex tools requires competent people able to handle multidisciplinary development challenges in a proactive manner. To answer the need for educational programs to cover these issues the School of Engineering Science at University of Skövde has developed a new master (second cycle) program Virtual Ergonomics and Design. The aim with the program is to give students and future product and production developers, necessary knowledge and skills to effectively use virtual tools for analysis, development, and verification of ergonomics and integrate ergonomics and user aspects into the product realisation process. This is achieved through a number of courses that partly forms a core within the subject Virtual product realisation but also provides in-depth knowledge in ergonomics. Students will in a possible future role as design or production engineers have a great influence on ergonomics in manufacturing departments but also better perception of ergonomics, higher motivation and knowledge of support tools and methods for ergonomics integration.
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| 2. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Current Trends in Research and Application of Digital Human Modeling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746131 - 9783030746148 ; , s. 358-366
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reports an investigation conducted during the DHM2020 Symposium regarding current trends in research and application of DHM in academia, software development, and industry. The results show that virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and digital twin are major current trends. Furthermore, results show that human diversity is considered in DHM using established methods. Results also show a shift from the assessment of static postures to assessment of sequences of actions, combined with a focus mainly on human well-being and only partly on system performance. Motion capture and motion algorithms are alternative technologies introduced to facilitate and improve DHM simulations. Results from the DHM simulations are mainly presented through pictures or animations.
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| 3. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Design concept evaluation in digital human modeling tools
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design process of products and production systems, the activity to systematically evaluate initial alternative design concepts is an important step. The digital human modeling (DHM) tools include several different types of assessment methods in order to evaluate product and production systems. Despite this, and due to the fact that a DHM tool in essence is a computer-supported design and analysis tool, none of the DHM tools provide the functionality to, in a systematic way, use the results generated in the DHM tool to compare design concepts between each other. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how a systematic concept evaluation method is integrated in a DHM tool, and to exemplify how it can be used to systematically assess design alternatives. Pugh´s method was integrated into the IPS software with LUA scripting to systematically compare design concepts. Four workstation layout concepts were generated by four engineers. The four concepts were systematically evaluated with two methods focusing on human well-being and two methods focusing on system performance and cost. The result is very promising. The demonstrator illustrates that it is possible to perform a systematic concept evaluation based on human well-being, overall system performance, and other parameters, where some of the data is automatically provided by the DHM tool and other data manually. The demonstrator can also be used to evaluate only one design concept, where it provides the software user and the decision maker with an objective and visible overview of the success of the design proposal from the perspective of several evaluation methods.
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Physical Load Exposure Calculations and Recommendations in Digitalized Ergonomics Assessment Processes
- 2022
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Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 233-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The type of ergonomics assessment methods typically used in digital human modelling (DHM) tools and automated assessment processes were rather developed to be used by ergonomists to assess ergonomics by observing the characteristics of the work. Direct measurement methods complement observation methods. Direct measurement methods have a design that suits being implemented into DHM tools. A drawback of direct measurement methods is that they traditionally do not include action levels. However, action levels in direct measurement methods have recently been suggested. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how these recent physical load exposure calculations and recommendations can be integrated in a DHM tool and in an automated assessment process. A demonstrator solution was developed that inputs exposure data from simulations in the DHM tool IPS IMMA as well as exposure data that originate from tracking real workers’ motions, using the motion capture system Xsens MVN. The demonstrator was applied in two use cases: one based on predicted human motions and one based on captured human motions. In the demonstrator, head posture, upper left and right arm posture and velocity, as well as left and right wrist velocity were calculated. Exposure data were compared with action levels, and extreme action levels were indicated by colouring the information. The results are promising, and the demonstrator illustrates that it is possible to follow the trends in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 to automate and digitalize ergonomics assessment processes in industry.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bohné, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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Support- och diskussionsgrupper, en arbetsform som stödjer den sociala lärmiljön i distanskurser
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bidrag från den 9:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - Västerås : Mälardalens universitet. - 9789174856200 ; , s. 205-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En pedagogisk fråga vid distansutbildning är hur relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö kan främjas. Då interaktion ser annorlunda ut än vid campusutbildning och när resurser för lärartid är begränsat till ett minimum blir detta en reell utmaning att adressera. Relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö är betydelsefulla aspekter för att stödja studentens kunskapsutveckling i högre utbildning, och kan beskrivas som ett pedagogiskt synsätt där relationer står i centrum. Dels med avseende på den pedagogiska relationen mellan lärare och student, men även andra relationer såsom mellan student-student eller student-grupp ses som centrala. Inför den nystartade distanskursen Hållbar produktutveckling, inriktning Design Thinking introducerades arbetsformen Support- och diskussionsgrupper med syfte att stödja den sociala lärmiljön på distans. Studenterna fick då möjlighet att gruppvis träffavarandra via ett digitalt verktyg för att både diskutera aktuella frågeställningar i kursen, samt att vara ett stöd för varandra under kursens gång. Arbetsformen visadesig gynna studenternas kunskapsutveckling och gav goda resultat i kursvärderingen. Genom att förstå de grundläggande faktorer som främjar kunskapsutveckling, däribland den sociala lärmiljön, och hur vi kan forma den när den inte uppstår naturligt såsom i distanskurser, kan vi skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för studenternas kunskapsutveckling och det livslånga lärandet.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive regression model for prediction of anthropometric data
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5549 .- 1742-5557. ; 5:4, s. 285-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents and evaluates an adaptive linear regression model for the prediction of unknown anthropometric data based on a flexible set of known predictive data. The method is based on conditional regression and includes use of principal component analysis to reduce effects of multicollinearity between the predictive variables. Results from the study show that the proposed adaptive regression model produces more accurate predictions compared to a flat regression model based on stature and weight, and also compared to a hierarchical regression model, that uses geometric and statistical relationships between body measurements to create specific linear regression equations in a hierarchical structure. An additional evaluation shows that the accuracy of the adaptive regression model increases logarithmically with the sample size. Apart from the sample size, the accuracy of the regression model is affected by the number of, and on which measurements that are, variables in the predictive dataset.
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| 10. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive regression model for synthesizing anthropometric population data
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 59, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of an adaptive linear regression model for synthesizing of missing anthropometric population data based on a flexible set of known predictive data. The method is based on a conditional regression model and includes use of principal component analysis, to reduce effects of multicollinearity between selected predictive measurements, and incorporation of a stochastic component, using the partial correlation coefficients between predicted measurements. In addition, skewness of the distributions of the dependent variables is considered when incorporating the stochastic components. Results from the study show that the proposed regression models for synthesizing population data give valid results with small errors of the compared percentile values. However, higher accuracy was not achieved when the number of measurements used as independent variables was increased compared to using only stature and weight as independent variables. This indicates problems with multicollinearity that principal component regression were not able to overcome. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation values together with correlation coefficients is sufficient to perform the conditional regression procedure. However, to incorporate a stochastic component when using principal component regression requires raw data on an individual level.Relevance to industryWhen developing products, workplaces or systems, it is of great importance to consider the anthropometric diversity of the intended users. The proposed regression model offers a procedure that gives valid results, maintains the correlation between the measurements that are predicted and is adaptable regarding which, and number of, predictive measurements that are selected.
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