| 1. |
- Helena Danielsson, Eva Brorström-Lundén, et al.
(författare)
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Persistant organic pollutants in Swedishmosses
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL SwedishEnvironmental Research Institute led in 2015 a project aiming to examine theconcentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in mosses.Samples of red-stemmed feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi) and glittering wood moss(Hylocomium splendens) were collected at 83 rural sampling sites. Of these, 20samples were analysed for the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organochlorine pesticides,polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), dioxinsand furans (PCDD/PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs and perfluorinated alkylated substances(PFAS).The sampling sites were selected to cover the whole of Sweden, in both the north-southgradient and in the east-west gradient. The sites were also chosen to represent botheventually elevated concentrations as well as low concentrations of POPs. Informationon locations of industrial activities, population density and monitoring stations fororganic substances in air and precipitation (Swedish national monitoring programme)were also used for the selection of sampling sites.Generally, the concentrations of the analysed substances were very low, often close toor below the quantification limits for the analyses.Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of PAHs, dioxin/furansand dioxin like PCBs in the mosses and the distance to the closest industry, and also tothe distance from the southernmost point in Sweden. p,p-DDE concentrations inmosses showed a correlation to the distance from the southernmost point in Sweden,with the highest concentrations in the south. No correlation was found between theconcentrations of p,p-DDE (one of the DDTs) in mosses and distance to the closestindustry.The concentrations of PAHs in mosses collected at sites located in the vicinity of threeair monitoring stations (Råö, Aspvreten and Pallas) were in agreement with theconcentrations of PAHs in air, with the highest concentrations in mosses and in airfound in the south and the lowest in the north. Comparison between the PAH profile inair and in mosses showed a higher percentage of heavier PAHs in the mosses. Thisindicates a larger proportion of particular bounded PAHs in mosses.HBCDD and PFAS were not detected in any of the analysed moss samples, which isconsistent with a similar study conducted in Norway
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| 2. |
- Remberger, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Screening tertiary butylphenols, methylphenols, and long-chain alkylphenols in the Swedish environment
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En screeningstudie har utförts med avseende på 30 fenoliska ämnen, däribland 14 tertiära butylfenoler och besläktade substanser, 7 metylfenoler och 9 långkedjiga (C8, C9, C12) alkylfenoler. De huvudsakliga syftena med studien var att bestämma koncentrationer av dessa ämnen i ett flertal olika matriser i den svenska miljön, att spegla viktiga källtyper och att koppla förekomsten i miljön till den nuvarande användningen i Sverige. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka möjligheten för atmosfärisk transport och upptag i biota. Mätningarna utgjordes av ett nationellt samt tre regionala mätprogram om totalt 130 prov fördelade mellan luft, mark, sediment, vatten, avloppsslam och fisk och inkluderade bakgrundsområden, urbana områden, punktkällor och reningsverk.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening programme 2005. Sub report 1 Antibiotics, Anti-inflammatory substances and Hormones
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measurements of pharmaceuticals were performed in 179 samples of water, sludge, manure, sediment and biota at background sites, municipal STPs, landfills, hospital effluents and recipient water from STPs. Bioassays of hormone activity were performed for a selected number of water samples. The NSAIDs were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and occurred in the highest concentrations. There were large differences in concentrations both between substances and between sampling sites. A regional trend in the STP effluent water could be observed for the NSAIDs and for some antibiotics with increased concentrations in samples originating from the north. No pattern could be seen for the hormones. Estrogenic effects were detected in STP outlets to the aquatic environment while values obtained for androgenicity were in most samples close to or below the detection limit. Based on the risk asessment (MEC/PNEC) risk quotients >1 was obtained for estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol and ibuprofen.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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PAH i småföretag. Mätning av polycykliska aromatiska kolväten i arbetsmiljön.
- 1985
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetstagares exponering för 11 olika polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) bl.a. bensopyren har undersökts. Huvuddelen av de undersökta komponenterna är cancerogena och mutagena. Mätningarna som är av stickprovskaraktär har utförts inom följande branscher: bilverkstad, bussgarage, gjuterier (2st), grillrestaurang, rökerier (2st), sotning (2st) samt kreosotimpregnering (3st). Provtagningen har skett genom insamling av partiklar på glasfiberfilter. Totalt har 44 prov analyserats mha HPLC-fluorescensteknik. Vid kreosotimpregnering uttogs även prov på PAH i ångfasen. Insamling skedde på en polymer adsorbent, XAD-2. Resultaten visar att halterna av bensopyren genomgående är låga. I 33 av proven understeg halten 50 ng/m3 (1% av nivågränsvärdet).Totalhalten av de 11 st PAH-föreningar som analyserats varierar kraftigt men ligger vanligtvis mellan 30-300 ng/m3. Halter omkring 5000 ng/m3 förekommer. Bensopyren-halten utgör vanligen c:a 1-5 % av totalhalten identifierade PAH. Mätningar av ett 10-tal PAH-komponenter ger en bättre uppfattning och den totala PAH-belastningen i en arbetsmiljö jämfört med mätning av enbart bensopyren eftersom bensopyrens andel av den totala PAH-halten inte är konstant utan varierar stort.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric pathways of chlorinated pesticides and natural bromoanisoles in the northern Baltic Sea and its catchment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44, s. 472-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-range atmospheric transport is a major pathway for delivering persistent organic pollutants to the oceans. Atmospheric deposition and volatilization of chlorinated pesticides and algae-produced bromoanisoles (BAs) were estimated for Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea, based on air and water concentrations measured in 2011-2012. Pesticide fluxes were estimated using monthly air and water temperatures and assuming 4 months ice cover when no exchange occurs. Fluxes were predicted to increase by about 50 % under a 2069-2099 prediction scenario of higher temperatures and no ice. Total atmospheric loadings to Bothnian Bay and its catchment were derived from air-sea gas exchange and bulk'' (precipitation ? dry particle) deposition, resulting in net gains of 53 and 46 kg year(-1) for endosulfans and hexachlorocyclohexanes, respectively, and net loss of 10 kg year(-1) for chlordanes. Volatilization of BAs releases bromine to the atmosphere and may limit their residence time in Bothnian Bay. This initial study provides baseline information for future investigations of climate change on biogeochemical cycles in the northern Baltic Sea and its catchment.
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| 8. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric transport and deposition of bromoanisoles along a temperate to arctic gradient
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1086-931X .- 1520-6912 .- 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:19, s. 10974-10982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromoanisoles (BAs) arise from O-methylation of bromophenols, produced by marine algae and invertebrates. BAs undergo sea-air exchange and are transported over the oceans. Here we report 2,4-DiBA and 2,4,6-TriBA in air and deposition on the Swedish west coast (Råö) and the interior of arctic Finland (Pallas). Results are discussed in perspective with previous measurements in the northern Baltic region in 2011−2013. BAs in air decreased from south to north in the order Råö > northern Baltic > Pallas. Geometric mean concentrations at Pallas increased significantly (p < 0.05) between 2002 and 2015 for 2,4-DiBA but not for 2,4,6-TriBA. The logarithm of BA partial pressures correlated significantly to reciprocal air temperature at the coastal station Råö and over the Baltic, but only weakly (2,4-DiBA) or not significantly (2,4,6-TriBA) at inland Pallas. Deposition fluxes of BAs were similar at both sites despite lower air concentrations at Pallas, due to greater precipitation scavenging at lower temperatures. Proportions of the two BAs in air and deposition were related to Henry’s law partitioning and source regions. Precipitation concentrations were 10−40% of those in surface water of Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea. BAs deposited in the bay catchment likely enter rivers and provide an unexpected source to northern estuaries. BAs may be precursors to higher molecular weight compounds identified by others in Swedish inland lakes.
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| 9. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Halomethoxybenzenes in air of the Nordic region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Ecotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 2666-4984. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halomethoxybenzenes (HMBs) are a group of compounds with natural and anthropogenic origins. Here we extend a 2002–2015 survey of bromoanisoles (BAs) in the air and precipitation at Råö on the Swedish west coast and Pallas in Subarctic Finland. New BAs data are reported for 2018 and 2019 and chlorinated HMBs are included for these and some previous years: drosophilin A methyl ether (DAME: 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene), tetrachloroveratrole (TeCV: 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6-dimethoxybenzene), and pentachloroanisole (PeCA). The order of abundance of HMBs at Råö was ΣBAs > DAME > TeCV > PeCA, whereas at Pallas the order of abundance was DAME > ΣBAs > TeCA > PeCA. The lower abundance of BAs at Pallas reflects its inland location, away from direct marine influence. Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots of log partial pressure (Pair)/Pa versus 1/T suggested distant transport at both sites for PeCA and local exchange for DAME and TeCV. BAs were dominated by distant transport at Pallas and by both local and distant sources at Råö. Relationships between air and precipitation concentrations were examined by scavenging ratios, SR = (ng m−3)precip/(ng m−3)air. SRs were higher at Pallas than Råö due to greater Henry's law partitioning of gaseous compounds into precipitation at colder temperatures. DAME is produced by terrestrial fungi. We screened 19 fungal species from Swedish forests and found seven of them contained 0.01–3.8 mg DAME per kg fresh weight. We suggest that the volatilization of DAME from fungi and forest litter containing fungal mycelia may contribute to atmospheric levels at both sites.
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| 10. |
- Brorström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Nedbrytning av polycykliska aromatiska kolväten under provtagning.
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En försöksserie i avsikt att klarlägga hur exponering för NO, NO2, SO2 och SO3 påverkar polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) vid rökgasprovtagning har genomförts. PAH och sot genererades genom förbränning av propan i en rökgasgenerator och fick sedan passera en termostaterad ugn före vilken gaserna tillfördes. Resultaten visar att nedbrytning eller omvandling av reaktiva PAH sker under vissa betingelser och att en del av reaktionerna äger rum under själva provtagningen.
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