| 1. |
- Andersson, Jonny, et al.
(författare)
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Skånska småvatten nu och då : En förändringsinventering med hjälp av flygbilder från 1940-, 1980- och 2000-talet
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningSmåvatten i form av dammar och våtmarker har en viktig funktion i både denterrestra och akvatiska miljön. Småvatten är en svacka eller hålighet som ärvattenfylld året om. De främjar den biologiska mångfalden på landskaps och artnivå genom att utöka antalet småbiotoper och vara uppehållsplats och födoplatsför många djur och växter. De fungerar även som buffert för flödesvariationer ochsom kväverenare i vattendrag, vilket minskar halten näringsämnen som når ut ihavet och där bidrar till övergödning. De flesta antropogena småvattnen har sittursprung från 1800-talet och 1900-talets början, då näringsrik märgellera grävdesupp från åkrar och hålen på åkrar fylldes upp med nederbörd. I samband medjordbrukets effektivisering så jämnades många av dessa märgelhålor och antaletsmåvetten minskade avsevärt. Sedan mitten på 1980-talet har småvatten ochvåtmarker uppmärksammats i en rad olika miljöprojekt i Skåne.Syftet med det här projektet var att undersöka hur förekomsten av småvattenförändrats under de senaste 60 åren. Inventeringen gjordes med hjälp avflygfotografier från 1940-, 1980- och 2000-talet. Basen för studien är 30 stycken5*5 kilometers rutor slumpmässigt fördelade i Skåne. Analysen innebar attuppskatta antalet och totala arean småvatten i varje ruta. En indelning av skog ochåker region gjordes för att studera regionsskillnader. En klassificering avomkringliggande marktyp utfördes för att se i vilken marktyp som främstaförändringarna skett samt i vilken storleksklass dessa förändringar inträffat.Projektet syftade även till att utarbeta en metodik för att kunna utföra en storskaliginventering av småvattenförändringar under en lång tidsperiod.Resultaten visar att metodiken för att genomföra en inventering av detta slag vartillfredsställande vad gäller area- och antalsförändringen, och grunddata för attvidare undersöka kvävereningspotential för småvatten saknas. Vidare har antaletsmåvatten nästan halverats mellan 1940-talet och 1980-talet för att därefter ökaframtill 2000-talet. Förändringen är störst bland de minsta småvatten (0-0.1 ha)som minskar kraftigt i framförallt åkermark. Sedan 1980-talet har antaletmedelsmå småvatten (0.1-1 ha) tillkommit i gräsmark. Medelantalet småvattenhar minskat och därmed småbiotopstätheten och goda förutsättningar för växteroch djur knutna till dessa att spridas och fortplanta sig i landskapet. Medelareanav småvatten med eller utan genomflöde har ökat sedan 1940-talet vilket skulleinnebära att kvävereningspotentialen förbättrats. Dock har förmodligenkvävebelastningen ökat avsevärt under samma tid.För framtida studier om hydrologiska förändringar i Skåne bör grunddata förutbredning av vattendrag kompletteras och förbättras. Långtidsstudier kan medfördel sträcka sig längre tillbaka med hjälp av historiska kartor ochpalaeolimnologiska studier. Dessa studier skulle utföras i ett dräneringsområdeistället för i slumpade inventerings rutor.
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| 2. |
- Chambi, Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Production of Exopolysaccharides by Cultivation of Halotolerant Bacillus atrophaeus BU4 in Glucose- and Xylose-Based Synthetic Media and in Hydrolysates of Quinoa Stalks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-5637. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A halotolerant, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus using next-generation sequencing. Comparisons indicate that the genome most likely (p-value: 0.0024) belongs to a subspecies previously not represented in the database. The growth of the bacterial strain and its ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in synthetic media with glucose or xylose as carbon sources, and in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks, was investigated. The strain grew well in all synthetic media, but the growth in glucose was better than that in xylose. Sugar consumption was better when initial concentrations were low. The growth was good in enzymatically produced cellulosic hydrolysates but was inhibited in hemicellulosic hydrolysates produced using hydrothermal pretreatment. The EPS yields were up to 0.064 g/g on initial glucose and 0.047 g/g on initial xylose, and was higher in media with relatively low sugar concentrations. The EPS was isolated and purified by a sequential procedure including centrifugation, cold ethanol precipitation, trichloroacetic acid treatment, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Glucose and mannose were the main sugars identified in hydrolyzed EPS. The EPS was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. No major differences were elucidated between EPS resulting from cultivations in glucose- or-xylose-based synthetic media, while some divergences with regard to molecular-weight averages and FTIR and HSQC NMR spectra were detected for EPS from hydrolysate-based media.
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| 3. |
- Lindberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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An Egalitarian Perspective on Information Sharing: The Example of Health Care Priorities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health Care Analysis. - 1573-3394. ; 23:3-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In health care, the provision of pertinent information to patients is not just a moral imperative but also a legal obligation, often articulated through the lens of obtaining informed consent. Codes of medical ethics and many national laws mandate the disclosure of basic information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment alternatives. However, within publicly funded health care systems, other kinds of information might also be important to patients, such as insights into the health care priorities that underlie treatment offers made. While conventional perspectives do not take this as an obligatory part of the information to be shared with patients, perhaps through viewing it as clinically “non-actionable,” we advocate for a paradigm shift. Our proposition diverges from the traditional emphasis on actionability. We contend that honoring patients as equal moral agents necessitates, among other principles, a commitment to honesty. Withholding specific categories of information pertinent to patients’ comprehension of their situation is inherently incompatible with this principle. In this article, we advocate for a recalibration of the burden of proof. Rather than requiring special justifications for adding to the standard set of information items, we suggest that physicians should be able to justify excluding relevant facts about the patient’s situation and the underlying considerations shaping health care professionals’ choices. This perspective prioritizes transparency and empowers patients with a comprehensive understanding, aligning with the ethos of respect for the patient as person.
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| 4. |
- Lindberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Temporising and respect for patient self-determination
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Ethics. - : BMJ. - 1473-4257 .- 0306-6800. ; 45:3, s. 161-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principle of self-determination plays a crucial role in contemporary clinical ethics. Somewhat simplified, it states that it is ultimately the patient who should decide whether or not to accept suggested treatment or care. Although the principle is much discussed in the academic literature, one important aspect has been neglected, namely the fact that real-world decision making is temporally extended, in the sense that it generally takes some time from the point at which the physician (or other health care professional) determines that there is a decision to be made and that the patient is capable of making it, to the point at which the patient is actually asked for his or her view. This article asks under what circumstances, if any, temporising—waiting to pose a certain treatment question to a patient judged to have decision-making capacity—is compatible with the principle of self-determination.
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| 5. |
- Miranda, Diego A., et al.
(författare)
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Production and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from Halomonas boliviensis LC1 cultivated in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global production of fossil-based plastics has reached critical levels, and their substitution with bio-based polymers is an urgent requirement. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biopolymer that can be produced via microbial cultivation, but efficient microorganisms and low-cost substrates are required. Halomonas boliviensis LC1, a moderately halophilic bacterium, is an effective PHB producer, and hydrolysates of the residual stalks of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) can be considered a cheap source of sugars for microbial fermentation processes in quinoa-producing countries. In this study, H. boliviensis LC1 was adapted to a cellulosic hydrolysate of quinoa stalks obtained via acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The adapted strain was cultivated in hydrolysates and synthetic media, each of them with two different initial concentrations of glucose. Cell growth, glucose consumption, and PHB formation during cultivation were assessed. The cultivation results showed an initial lag in microbial growth and glucose consumption in the quinoa hydrolysates compared to cultivation in synthetic medium, but after 33 h, the values were comparable for all media. Cultivation in hydrolysates with an initial glucose concentration of 15 g/L resulted in a higher glucose consumption rate (0.15 g/(L h) vs. 0.14 g/(L h)) and volumetric productivity of PHB (14.02 mg/(L h) vs. 10.89 mg/(L h)) than cultivation in hydrolysates with 20 g/L as the initial glucose concentration. During most of the cultivation time, the PHB yield on initial glucose was higher for cultivation in synthetic medium than in hydrolysates. The produced PHBs were characterized using advanced analytical techniques, such as high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). HPSEC revealed that the molecular weight of PHB produced in the cellulosic hydrolysate was lower than that of PHB produced in synthetic medium. TGA showed higher thermal stability for PHB produced in synthetic medium than for that produced in the hydrolysate. The results of the other characterization techniques displayed comparable features for both PHB samples. The presented results show the feasibility of producing PHB from quinoa stalks with H. boliviensis.
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| 6. |
- Nosko, Daniela, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in prevalence of non-optimal neurological condition between 6.5 and 12 years in children born extremely preterm
- 2023
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Ingår i: European journal of paediatric neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3798 .- 1532-2130. ; 45, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess prevalence of non-optimal neurological condition and associations with motor function in children born extremely preterm (EPT) up to early adolescence, and to examine potential changes in neurological con-dition between 6.5 and 12 years.Method: A prospective cohort of one hundred six children (EPT n = 62, term n = 44) was assessed at 6.5 and 12 years. Four domains derived from the Touwen Neurological Examination (coordination and balance, posture and muscle tone, reflexes, and nerve function of the eyes and face) were used to assess the presence of a non-optimal neurological condition (defined as the presence of any abnormal domain). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd ed. was used to evaluate motor function.Results: Twenty-seven children born EPT (44%) were assessed as having a non-optimal neurological condition compared with 4 (9%) in the control group (p=<0.001) at 12 years. Between age 6.5 and 12 years the number of children born EPT with a non-optimal neurological condition decreased from 37 to 27 (p = 0.007). At 12 years these children also had significantly lower MABC-2 total test scores, compared to those with normal neurology: median (range) 57 (32-79) versus 75 (43-99), respectively (p=<0.001). The same was shown for subscale scores; manual dexterity (p=<0.001), aiming/catching (p = 0.004), and balance (p = 0.004).Conclusion: The prevalence of a non-optimal neurological condition reduced with increasing age. However, still, at 12 years, these neurological impairments remained significantly more common in the EPT group than in their term-born peers and was shown to be related to a reduced motor function.
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| 7. |
- Nyström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A documented amphibian decline over 40 years: Possible causes and implications for species recovery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2917 .- 0006-3207. ; 138:3-4, s. 399-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphibians are declining worldwide, but lack of long-term regional data makes identifying possible causes difficult, hindering conservation efforts. We evaluated whether habitat destruction, terrestrial habitat adjacent to ponds and the physico-chemical characteristics of ponds could explain the regional and local decline of the spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) in Sweden. Analyses of aerial photos and field observations revealed that out of all of the known calling sites of the species since 1959, 26% did not exist in 2000. The road traffic intensity adjacent to existing ponds indicated that in 1997-2003 it was higher near ponds where calling males had disappeared (N = 240) compared to sites where calling males were present (N = 84). The soil-type adjacent to ponds with calling males was more sandy than at ponds where calling males had disappeared (instead dominated by till). By including road traffic intensity and proportion of sandy soils adjacent to ponds, a logistic regression model correctly classified 82% of the ponds into their correct category. Of 36 ponds investigated in 2004, we found evidence of successful reproduction (tadpoles) in 53%. Unsuccessful reproduction seemed to be associated with eutrophication and low coverage of submerged macrophytes. In an area with low road traffic intensity and sandy soils, restoration of ponds started in 1996, and the number of calling males increased from a maximum of 77 in 1993-1996 to 146 in 2006. Our results indicate that habitat destruction has likely contributed to the regional decline of P. fuscus, but also that local factors such as soil type, traffic intensity and reproductive failure may also help explain the decline of the species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Persson Tholin, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Transgender and gender diverse people's experience of non-transition-related health care in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Transgenderism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1553-2739 .- 1434-4599. ; 19:4, s. 424-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The transgender population is a marginalized group in society and research suggests that they experience significant barriers when accessing health care. However, little is known about transgender and gender-diverse people and their experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals in Sweden. Aim: To explore transgender and gender-diverse people's experiences of accessing health care in Sweden. Method: Semi-structured interviews with 12 self-identified transgender or gender-diverse individuals were analyzed in a latent thematic analysis. Results: Participants experienced difficulties in having their gender identity acknowledged in encounters with healthcare staff. Most healthcare professionals were believed to lack knowledge about transgender people, and participants felt they needed to take a lot of responsibility themselves to ensure they received adequate care. Due to negative experiences, or fear of them, some participants delayed seeking health care or they chose to withhold their transgender identity during healthcare consultations. Discussion: Participants’ experiences suggest that healthcare professionals in Sweden may be insufficiently equipped to provide competent and gender affirming care for transgender individuals. There appears to be an urgent need for interventions specifically designed to improve the quality of health care for these individuals. Further research is needed to determine what specific interventions would be most effective, and to elucidate the specific needs of differing groups within the transgender community to promote optimal care for each person.
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| 9. |
- Um-Bergström, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function development after preterm birth in relation to severity of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2466. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a strong risk factor for respiratory morbidity in children born preterm. Our aims were to evaluate lung function in adolescents born preterm with and without a history of BPD, and to assess lung function change over time from school age.Methods: Fifty-one individuals born in Stockholm, Sweden between gestational ages 24 to 31 weeks (23 neonatally diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) but not BPD, and 28 graded as mild (n = 17), moderate (n = 7) or severe (n = 4) BPD) were examined in adolescence (13-17 years of age) using spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS), plethysmography, and ergospirometry. Comparison with lung function data from school age (6-8 years of age) was also performed.Results: Adolescents with a history of BPD had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) compared to those without BPD (-0.61 vs.-0.02 z-scores, P < 0.05), with lower FEV1 values significantly associated with BPD severity (P for trend 0.002). Subjects with severe BPD had higher frequency dependence of resistance, R5-20, (P < 0.001 vs. non-BPD subjects) which is an IOS indicator of peripheral airway involvement. Between school age and adolescence, FEV1/FVC z-scores decreased in all groups and particularly in the severe BPD group (from -1.68 z-scores at 6-8 years to -2.74 z-scores at 13-17 years, p < 0.05 compared to the non-BPD group).Conclusions: Our results of spirometry and IOS measures in the BPD groups compared to the non-BPD group suggest airway obstruction including involvement of peripheral airways. The longitudinal result of a decrease in FEV1/FVC in the group with severe BPD might implicate a route towards chronic airway obstruction in adulthood.
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| 10. |
- Zagoras, Theofanis, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and Prevalence of 73 Different Genodermatoses: A Nationwide Study in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This retrospective registry-based cohort study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of genodermatoses in the Swedish population and to analyse associated healthcare usage. Patients diagnosed with genodermatoses were identified from the patient registry of Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Gothenburg, Sweden) between 2016 and 2020. Clinical data from medical records were used to verify diagnoses recorded in the National Patient Registry (NPR). The NPR was then searched for International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes Q80-82 and Q84 from 2001 to 2020. The local cohort included 298 patients with 36 unique genodermatosis diagnoses. Verification of these diagnoses in the NPR showed positive predictive values of over 90%. The NPR search yielded 13,318 patients with 73 unique diagnoses, including ichthyoses (n = 3,341; 25%), porokeratosis (n = 2,277; 17%), palmoplantar keratodermas (n = 1,754; 13%), the epidermolysis bullosa group (n = 1011; 7%); Darier disease (n = 770; 6%), HaileyHailey disease (n = 477; 4%) and Gorlin syndrome (n = 402; 3%). The incidence and prevalence of each diagnosis were calculated based on the nationwide cohort and are reported. A total of 149,538 outpatient visits were registered, a mean of 4.6 visits per patient. This study provides a valuable resource for the epidemiology of genodermatoses by reporting on the incidence and prevalence of 73 different genodermatoses.
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