| 1. |
- Almstedt, Åsa, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Post-productivism : From Rural Policy Discource to Rural Diversity
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Countryside. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1803-8417. ; 6:4, s. 297-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a strong discourse in public policy aimed at transforming rural places from venues of primary production into truly diverse socioeconomic landscapes. Yet conceptualisations of the rural as envisioned in the policy and politics of the ‘new economy’ often prove to be elusive on the ground. However, post-productive activity in rural areas has become a major focus for rural studies scholars. This paper investigates the ideas of post-productivism in the existing literature, and argues for a holistic understanding of post-productivism as an idea and political ambition rather than an imperative and irreversible change of rural economic activity. The purpose of the study is to make clear the division between post-productivism and the related concepts of post-production and post-productive activities in order to better understand processes of rural change in relation to different geographical contexts. It is argued that post-productivism as a concept stands apart from de facto post-production and alternative concepts such as multifunctionality and should be regarded as part of broader regional development discourses. The paper outlines several important fields in which post-productivism is a necessary component for rural transformation and development. While it is not always easily captured in indicators or empirical studies in rural locations, post- productivism exists at the level of discourse and planning and thus has real effects on the ground. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on how to apply the concepts of post-productivism, post-production and multifunctionality in future studies.
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| 2. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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A (ski) trip into the future : climate change and winter tourism in Polar Sweden in 2040
- 2013
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Ingår i: New issues in Polar tourism. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400758834 - 9789400758841 ; , s. 149-161
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research shows that many polar tourism entrepreneurs are not ready to adapt to climate change even though some areas within the polar north are more exposed and adaptive capacities of entrepreneurs vary. Moreover, sensitivities of communities to climate change are dependent on the importance of current and future winter tourism in the locale relative to other industries, thus questioning whether communities should focus on winter-tourism development. Current trends reveal a promulgation of a four seasons' approach to tourism in Polar Sweden in order to reduce sensitivities. However, there is also further winter-tourism development potential since the north inland of Sweden is more secure than many other European winter sport destinations. An important question is as follows: how can regions in the polar north capitalize on their natural assets and develop winter tourism without risking a lock-in effect through increased regional sensitivity to climate change? This chapter maps the exposed area in Polar Sweden and generates basic climate impact scenarios for the future based on plausible alternatives due to climate change and tourism business and institutional development. The discussion utilizes the Arctic Tourism Innovation System (ATIS) framework, where the necessary roles and complementary relationships of institutions and entrepreneurs in creating sustainable paths for polar communities are highlighted.
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| 3. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change in Northern Sweden : intra-regional perceptions of vulnerability among winter-oriented tourism businesses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Channel View Publications. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 19:8, s. 919-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is a potential threat to society and business. Although research has noted that the tourism sector may be robust on the macro scale, significant losses at local levels have been suggested. This paper examines Upper Norrland, in Northern Sweden, by measuring the perceptions of winter-oriented tourism entrepreneurs. Their perceptions of potential threats from climate change are assessed, including how entrepreneurs view the future, in terms of climate change impacts and sustainability of the region as a winter-tourism destination. A quantitative survey of entrepreneurs (n = 63) gave responses along geographical and operator dimensions to reveal local differences within the Upper Norrland region, showing the coastland to be perceived as more exposed to change than inland areas. Venue-based businesses see climate change as a higher priority than activity-based, potentially mobile, businesses, regardless of their location. The general perception among businesses is that climate change will not drastically impact the tourism sector over the next 10 years. A basic model for mapping local differences is outlined to stimulate further study of the under-researched intra-regional nuances in climate change and tourism research. A case is made for regional planners to use this tool and to educate local businesses on adaptation techniques.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brouder, Patrick
(författare)
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Creative Outposts: Tourism's Place in Rural Innovation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tourism Planning & Development. - : Routledge. - 2156-8316 .- 2156-8324. ; 9:4, s. 383-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of local tourism innovation in order to see how tourism development benefits tourism stakeholders including the local community. The paper is concerned with the social impacts of tourism and contends that there is a latent positive social capital in rural communities. Some "creative outposts" manage not just to survive but to thrive, and tourism often acts as a catalyst for innovative local development. Examples of tourism innovation can be new and better interactions among tourism stakeholders as well as changes in institutional arrangements. Entrepreneurs and institutional stakeholders are interviewed to investigate the dynamics of local tourism innovation. The social dimension in which tourism stakeholders operate is poorly understood and this paper presents a case study of Jokkmokk village with results showing tourism has a subtle yet palpable positive social role in the community. Themes emerging from the interviews are: the tourist office and tourism firms co-evolve over time, tourism networks are loose and project-based, tourism is a desirable diversifier, and tourism contributes to the local leisure space. Particular focus is given to the fact that this is an Arctic rural community, and the research provides a basis for understanding tourism innovation systems in this context. Tourism development is found to be complementary to rural coping strategies in "creative outposts".
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| 6. |
- Brouder, Patrick
(författare)
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Embedding Arctic Tourism Innovation in ‘Creative Outposts’
- 2013
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Ingår i: From Talk to Action. - Thunder Bay, Canada : Centre for Northern Studies Press. ; , s. 183-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism has emerged as an important part of the economy in the Circumpolar North. Many northern communities grew as outposts of capitalism and prospered through primary sector activities such as agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry. Recently, entrepreneurial and institutional efforts have resulted in increasing tourism employment in the Arctic. While the contribution of tourism to Arctic economies is well-understood, other questions remain. Communities are not only dependent on what happens in the economy in the broader sense but also on endogenous generation of creative and innovative initiatives. This paper examines tourism in three Arctic communities and introduces the concept of creative outposts – communities in peripheral areas which manage to develop tourism despite difficult structural preconditions. Three cases from across the Circumpolar North, and at different stages of development, are presented and main themes explored include: the endogenous nature of tourism development and its potential for employment and entrepreneurship, the contribution of tourism to the local leisure space, and the potential of tourism as a diversification strategy. The paper utilises an innovation systems approach and highlights that tourism activity can act as a catalyst for the development of positive local social capital. The study is positioned within the Arctic Tourism Innovation System framework, highlighting how some northern communities manage not just to survive but to thrive with tourism and community resilience being complementary in creative outposts. The paper calls for future comparative studies across the Circumpolar North.
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| 7. |
- Brouder, Patrick
(författare)
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Evolutionary economic geography : reflections from a sustainable tourism perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 19:3, s. 438-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary economic geography (EEG) is receiving increasing attention from tourism geographers with over 30 publications explicitly incorporating EEG into tourism between 2011 and 2016. Many of these contributions are conceptual, which is not surprising given the novelty of EEG within economic geography, in general, and tourism, in particular. However, a sizeable number of these are built on detailed case studies, using EEG as an analytical lens rather than as a conceptual point of departure. Thus, many tourism researchers have found that EEG has great potential for understanding change in tourism destinations. In this Research Frontiers paper I critically reflect on this early research of EEG in tourism geographies from a sustainable development perspective. In the cases presented, EEG offers a fresh understanding of two related challenges in each of two separate aspects of sustainable tourism development. First, pro-growth governance models can be disrupted by engaged local stakeholders in order to make tangible sustainability gains but these gains remain precarious over time as pro-growth governance models prove tenacious in the very long-term. Second, regional institutional legacies hamper new path emergence in two ways - through institutional inertia which keeps the region's focus on past success in other sectors and through the (possibly competing) institutional imperatives of the dominant and emerging tourism sub-sectors or sub-regions. These challenges are illustrated through two complementary Canadian cases drawn from the extant literature - the mass tourism destination of Niagara and the resort community of Whistler. I highlight how a sustainable tourism perspective can also help to critique EEG theory and empirics in line with other recent political economy critiques in economic geography. I conclude that sustainable tourism, at its best, is an established reflexive lens which will help to develop, validate, and challenge aspects of EEG theory within tourism studies, in particular, and economic geography, in general.
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| 8. |
- Brouder, Patrick
(författare)
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Evolutionary Economic Geography : A New Path for Tourism Studies?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 16:1, s. 2-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary economic geography (EEG) is an emerging theoretical framework whichattempts to better understand long-term economic change and why it differs betweenregions. Tourism geographers are showing increasing interest in EEG with a growingnumber of publications and conference presentations on EEG applications withintourism studies. This article briefly sets out the conceptual background to EEG andhow it relates to extant studies within tourism, drawing on examples from theliterature on tourism studies and evolutionary research. A concise list of someactionable areas for EEG studies within tourism is presented as well as an appraisal ofthe theoretical particularities of applying EEG within tourism studies. EEG is shownto be a new path with much potential for tourism research.
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| 9. |
- Brouder, Patrick
(författare)
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Evolutionary Economic Geography and Tourism Studies: Extant Studies and Future Research Directions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 16:4, s. 540-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the extant literature on evolutionary economic geography (EEG) and tourism studies and briefly reviews what has been produced thus far. There are two main areas addressed: path dependence (and how to break from a path) and co-evolution (of tourism paths within a given region and of regional paths including tourism). The papers already published on EEG and tourism feature cases from resort communities, mass tourism destinations and rural and peripheral areas with all cases from highly developed countries (Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Italy and Australia). Next, the papers of the special issue are explored and show a broadening of the geographical reach (to include China and Spain) and a move to apply EEG theory as part of a hybrid theoretical framework. Finally, the paper concludes with a call for broader evolutionary approaches in tourism studies beyond strictly business development studies. This ultimately requires the development of EEG measures in line with the goals of sustainable tourism development.
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| 10. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Heterogeneous Tourism Development Paths : Cascade Effect or Co-evolution in Niagara?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 15:1-2, s. 152-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism is often galvanised around a central theme based on a region's strengths in product supply and promotional opportunity, which usually results in an identifiable regional brand. However, this also hides the existing heterogeneity of tourism supply, especially in regions with an established brand. Securing long-term community economic development requires a broader focus since some unheralded tourism development paths may prove resilient over the long term and ultimately contribute to community development. This paper investigates the less central stakeholders in the Niagara region of Canada and explores how future studies might integrate marginal tourism stakeholders in studies of the regional tourism economy. Through semi-structured interviews with regional tourism stakeholders, the analysis of the Niagara region, based on perspectives of co-evolution from evolutionary economic geography, reveals a new perspective on tourism development by focussing on the place of marginal stakeholders in a region with a strong tourism brand. The region exhibits strong path dependence based on its industrial and agricultural legacy but long-term, organic, incremental processes of change within the region are creating new tourism development paths. These new paths co-evolve with the dominant tourism paths as well as other community development initiatives leading to positive change across the region.
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