| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Holmqvist, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Patterns and determinants of blood transfusion in intensive care in Sweden between 2010 and 2018: A nationwide, retrospective cohort study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 62:6, s. 1188-1198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are transfused with blood products for a number of reasons, from massive ongoing hemorrhage, to mild anemia following blood sampling, combined with bone marrow depression due to critical illness. There's a paucity of data on transfusions in ICUs and most studies are based on audits or surveys. The aim of this study was to provide a complete picture of ICU-related transfusions in Sweden. Methods We conducted a register based retrospective cohort study with data on all adult patient admissions from 82 of 84 Swedish ICUs between 2010 and 2018, as recorded in the Swedish Intensive Care Register. Transfusions were obtained from the SCANDAT-3 database. Descriptive statistics were computed, characterizing transfused and nontransfused patients. The distribution of blood use comparing different ICUs was investigated by computing the observed proportion of ICU stays with a transfusion, as well as the expected proportion. Results In 330,938 ICU episodes analyzed, at least one transfusion was administered for 106,062 (32%). For both red-cell units and plasma, the fraction of patients who were transfused decreased during the study period from 31.3% in 2010 to 24.6% in 2018 for red-cells, and from 16.6% in 2010 to 9.4% in 2018 for plasma. After adjusting for a range of factors, substantial variation in transfusion frequency remained, especially for plasma units. Conclusion Despite continuous decreases in utilization, transfusions remain common among Swedish ICU patients. There is considerable unexplained variation in transfusion rates. More research is needed to establish stronger critiera for when to transfuse ICU patients.
|
|
| 4. |
- Korberg, A. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Techno-economic assessment of advanced fuels and propulsion systems in future fossil-free ships
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the potential of renewable fuels in different propulsion systems for the maritime sector that can replace fossil fuels by 2030. First, a fuel cost analysis is performed for a range of biofuels, bio-electrofuels, electrofuels plus liquid hydrogen and electricity in 18 fuel production pathways. Next, fuel production costs are combined with different utilisation rates, propulsion cost, on-board fuel storage cost and a cost for reduced cargo space to determine the total cost of ownership for four types of ships: large ferries, general cargo, bulk carriers and container vessels using internal combustion engines, fuel cells or battery-electric propulsion systems and travelling different distances. In large ferries, the battery-electric propulsion is found at a lower cost than all fuel options except biofuels. For the other ship types, cheaper fuels (as biofuels) benefit internal combustion engines, while expensive fuels (as electrofuels) increase the competitiveness of fuel cells due to their higher efficiency. Similarly, low utilisation rates benefit internal combustion engines, while higher utilisation rates tend to support fuel cells. General cargo vessels have a similar total cost of ownership for both four-stroke internal combustion engines and fuel cells. Bulk carriers and container ships use two-stroke engines, with efficiencies closer to fuel cells, but the lowest-cost solution remains internal combustion engines, except when increasing the efficiency or reducing the investment cost of fuel cells. In almost all fuel-propulsion combinations, methanol is the lowest-cost fuel, but dimethyl ether and ammonia show only marginally higher costs.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
