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- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, et al.
(författare)
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Active buildings in smart grids - Exploring the views of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 117, s. 185-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of smart grids is expected to shift the role of buildings in power networks from passive consumers to active players that trade on power markets in real-time and participate in the operation of networks. Although there are several studies that report on consumer views on buildings with smart grid features, there is a gap in the literature about the views of the energy and buildings sectors, two important sectors for the development. This study fills this gap by presenting the views of key stakeholders from the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on the active building concept with the help of interviews and a web survey. The findings indicate that the active building concept is associated more with energy use flexibility than self-generation of electricity. The barriers to development were identified to be primarily financial due to the combination of the current low electricity prices and the high costs of technologies. Business models that reduce the financial burdens and risks related to investments can contribute to the development of smart grid technologies in buildings, which, according to the majority of respondents from the energy and buildings sectors, are to be financed by housing companies and building owners.
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| 3. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan
(författare)
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An analysis of the relationship between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is one of the global challenges of our time. The energy sector is at the focus of the European efforts to combat climate change as it accounts for 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Buildings, on the other hand, represent 40% of the energy use and 33% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, giving the buildings sector also a key role in the European climate strategy. There are, at the same time, strong interdependencies between the energy and buildings sectors due to the high amount of energy used by buildings and their rising importance as active components in the future energy systems. These interdependencies do not only influence the investment decisions in the energy and buildings sectors, but also the effectiveness of the European climate strategy. Cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors can create beneficial outcomes for the both sectors as well as the environment. It may also encourage innovation, improve the energy performance of buildings, and help achieve a higher penetration of renewable energy into the energy system.This licentiate thesis investigates the relationship between the energy and buildings sector at the inter-company level. Presenting the data collected from interviews and a web survey answered by the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, this thesis examines the level of cooperation between these two sectors, discusses trust issues between stakeholders, presents the factors that negatively impact cooperation, and provides recommendations for the minimisation of these factors.The findings presented in this thesis indicate an insufficient level of cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, to which the following factors have been identified to contribute in a negative a way: district heating monopolies; energy efficiency in buildings; building regulations; self-generation of electricity; and energy use patterns. The emphasis on self-interest by stakeholders within the both sectors appears to create trust issues between stakeholders. Accordingly, shifting the focus from self-gains to mutual gains is deemed necessary to improve the cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors. This, however requires significant changes in current practices and business models. It has been identified that the development of smart energy systems that allow a closer interaction between the energy and buildings sectors through flexible energy supply and use would minimise many of the factors that negatively impact cooperation.
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| 4. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, 1987-
(författare)
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Building as active elements of energy systems
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Buildings account for approximately 40% of the energy demand and 33% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Accordingly, there are several efforts that target energy efficiency in buildings both at the European and Swedish levels. The role of buildings in climate change mitigation, however, is not limited to energy savings. Buildings are expected to become key elements of the future smart energy systems by supplying and using energy in a more flexible way. Reducing the energy demand in buildings effectively and shifting the role of buildings in energy systems from ‘passive’ consumers to ‘active’ prosumers, however, require close interaction and cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors.Based on the data collected from interviews and a web survey, this doctoral thesis investigates the relationship between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden at the inter-company level, presents key stakeholder views on smart energy features in buildings and investigates the opportunities and barriers for their adoption in Sweden and Hong Kong.The results of this thesis suggest a potential for improving the cooperation between the Swedish energy and buildings sectors, which was identified to be influenced by the following factors: district heating monopolies; energy efficiency efforts in the buildings sector; unsuccessful technology-neutrality of the building regulations; self-generation systems in buildings; and energy use patterns. Shifting the focus from self-gains to mutual gains appears crucial to strengthen the inter-sectoral cooperation, as there are several opportunities for achieving mutually beneficial solutions for the two sectors. This would, however, require significant changes in current practices and business models as well as the introduction of new technologies, which would allow for a more flexible energy supply and use. Accordingly, technologies that target flexible energy use in buildings are considered the most important smart energy features in buildings. The current high costs of technologies, such as home automation and smart electrical appliances, however, create the strongest barrier to adoption. Therefore, the introduction of new business and ownership models and the elimination of the institutional and regulatory barriers are crucial to achieve a wide-scale development of smart energy features in buildings. The results from Hong Kong suggest that institutional and regulatory barriers can particularly create strong hinders to the adoption of technologies.It is possible to achieve more sustainable energy systems, where buildings are active elements of networks that supply and use energy in a more flexible and ‘smarter’ way. Cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors can play a key role in the adoption of smart energy features in buildings and pave the way for the smart built environment of the future.
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| 5. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, et al.
(författare)
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Buildings as components of smart grids - Perspectives of different stakeholders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 61, s. 1630-1633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides the perceptions of the energy and buildings sectors, municipalities and researchers in Sweden about active buildings that provide smart grid services to their inhabitants. As part of this study, we conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to present the perspectives of stakeholders that are involved in the development process. Our study shows that there are several barriers to development of active buildings and points out the importance of energy policy mechanisms to support the development. It is necessary to introduce new measures in order to financially encourage the stakeholders and motivate the end-users to invest in smart grid technologies. The elimination of the intersectoral barriers and the promotion of cooperation amongst stakeholders could pave the way for a more efficient and smarter grid.
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| 6. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Buildings in the future energy system : Perspectives of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on current energy challenges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 107, s. 254-263
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buildings are expected to play a key role in the development and operation of future smart energy systems through real-time energy trade, energy demand flexibility, self-generation of electricity, and energy storage capabilities. Shifting the role of buildings from passive consumers to active players in the energy networks, however, may require closer cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors than there is today. Based on 23 semi-structured interviews and a web survey answered by key stakeholders, this study presents the views of the energy and buildings sectors on the current energy challenges in a comparative approach. Despite conflicting viewpoints on some of the issues, the energy and buildings sectors have similar perspectives on many of the current energy challenges. Reducing CO2 emissions is a shared concern between the energy and buildings sectors that can serve as a departure point for inter-sectoral cooperation for carbon-reducing developments, including the deployment of smart energy systems. The prominent energy challenges were identified to be related to low flexibilities in energy supply and use, which limit mutually beneficial cases, and hence cooperation, between the energy and buildings sectors today.
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| 7. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, 1987-
(författare)
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The development of active buildings through renovation – Is it possible?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy consumption in buildings is an important part of the EU energy policy. Until recently, buildings were considered as passive elements in the electricity network that solely consume electricity. The transformation of the today's grid to a Smart Grid is expected to introduce radical changes to the role of buildings in the energy system. Buildings of today will become an active element in the future electricity network and participate in micro-generation, energy storage, vehicle-to-grid and demand response activities. Sweden constructed a large number of buildings in the 60's and 70's within the so called Million Homes Program, which aimed to provide Swedish citizens with 1 million new living spaces with modern facilities in a 10 years period. Buildings of the program have poor energy efficiencies and are reaching an age where extensive refurbishment emerges as a necessity. Large projects for the renovation of such buildings will be conducted in the future, but there are several barriers to them. Cooperation between building and energy sectors is a necessity for not only refurbishing these buildings to become more energy efficient, but also upgrading them to active buildings. This transformation might require the introduction of new actors and business models to markets.
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| 8. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of buildings in the energy system : Intersectoral barriers to future developments
- 2013
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Ingår i: The role of buildings in the energy system - intersectoral barriers to future developments.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential energy consumption has a significant share in the final energy use in Sweden. Despite this relationship, it is hard to say that there is cooperation between the building and energy sectors for energy issues in buildings. In the grid of the future, buildings will no longer be a passive element of the electricity system; instead, they will acquire an active role in the operation of the grid. The cooperation between the building and energy sectors could play a key role for a successful development of smart grid technologies in buildings.In this paper, we describe the Swedish case and analyse the barriers to cooperation between the energy and building companies with the help of interviews with several stakeholders. This study showed that there is a demand for new business models in order to accommodate smart grid developments in buildings. Collective projects and new roles that reduce the power differences and barriers between the two sectors could contribute to the cooperation and support the development of future energy services in buildings.
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