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- Andersson, Anna-Lena, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial aspects of road traffic trauma--benefits of an early intervention?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383. ; 36:8, s. 917-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the psychosocial consequences of traffic accidents, and to evaluate the effect of an intervention programme to reduce the occurrence and extent of psychosocial residual states. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A telephone interview was conducted with 314 individuals, 1(1/2)-2 years after the accident in 1994-1995. The effect of the intervention programme was studied for inpatients, 68 in the study group, and 89 in the control group. The structured follow-up form included the Impact of Event Scale (IES). RESULTS: Half of those injured had residual physical complaints with negative effects on their work- and economic-situation. An influence on housing or the need for practical assistance was reported by 1-7%. Mental effects were reported by 4/5. IES demonstrated that 1/5 suffered a high degree of intrusion, and this occurred twice as often among females as among males. Situational anxiety occurred more often in the intervention group than in the control group, p=0.02. More individuals in the intervention group than in the control group were satisfied with the medical certificate to the insurance company, p=0.058. CONCLUSIONS: Females were afflicted by mental effects considerably more than males. The intervention programme did not appear to reduce the psychosocial sequelae. The methods within this area need to be further developed.
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| 2. |
- Bunketorp, Olle, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Cervical status after neck sprains in frontal and rear-end car impacts.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0267 .- 0020-1383. ; 43:4, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the cervical status after neck sprains in frontal and rear-end car impacts with respect to earlier proposed neck-sprain injury mechanisms, rotated head at impact, and the seat-belt geometry. METHODS: A prospective, multidisciplinary, in-depth study was made based on 23 car occupants injured in frontal impacts and 108 injured in rear-end impacts. The active neck mobility was measured in protraction-retraction, flexion-extension, side bending right-left, and rotation right-left. This was done in the acute phase and then three and twelve months later. The maximum range, increase in pain, and level of pain were recorded for each movement. A subgroup with increased pain during movements towards the impact direction, but not in the opposite one, so-called isolated contra-directional pain (ICP), was further analysed. The side bending and rotation mobility were studied in another subgroup, in which the head was rotated inwards or outwards relative the car, i.e. away from or towards the diagonal part of the seat belt. RESULTS: Rear-end impacts more often than frontal impacts caused greater restrictions of the cervical mobility and more frequently increased pain at the three different times that measurements were recorded, but, with few exceptions, the differences for each movement were not statistically significant. Increased pain during extension was more often noted after rear-end impacts. ICP during pro-/retraction was also more often noted after rear-end impacts. Head-inward rotation in rear-end impacts caused a more restricted mobility in the same direction at the primary examination than head-outward rotation. CONCLUSIONS: The cervical status after neck sprains in frontal and rear-end car impacts is very similar, and the cervical range of movement in different directions and increased pain during cervical motions do not reveal any specific isolated injury mechanisms. Combined injury mechanisms should be considered, and further studies are recommended to investigate asymmetric loading during impact.
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| 6. |
- Olofsson, Eva M, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Children and adolescents injured in traffic – associated psychological consequences: a literature review
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:1, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms (PTSS) among children and adolescents injured in traffic, and to assess predictors of such post-traumatic stress. Methods: Studies identified from electronic databases were reviewed. Results: Based on a review of 12 studies, fulfilling specified criteria, the prevalence of PTSS was estimated at 30% within 1 month and 13% at 3-6 months. The prevalence of PTSD was almost 30% at 1-2 months and decreased to the same level as PTSS at 3-6 months. Perceived threat and high levels of distress, anxiety symptoms and being female were significantly associated with PTSD and PTSS. Injury severity was positively related to the number of PTSD symptoms in one of eight studies. Types of accident, age and socioeconomic status were not related to the development of PTSD/PTSS. Conclusion: Any child will be at risk of PTSD/PTSS, not just those with severe injuries. Trauma care should include procedures that could identify and prevent stress reactions in order to minimize the risk of associated psychological consequences.
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, Eva M, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Children at risk of residual physical problems after public road traffic injuries-A 1-year follow-up study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383. ; 43:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the residual physical problems 1 year after traffic injuries in children with respect to age, gender, extraction (Swedish or foreign), type of care, type of accident and use of protective equipment, type of injury, and the impact on daily living activities. METHODS: Hospital data were analysed for children, aged 15 or under, after road traffic accidents in the Gothenburg region in 2000. Age, gender, type of road user, counterpart, use of protective equipment, type and severity of each injury, and type of care were related to follow-up data obtained by a self-completed questionnaire answered 1 year after the accident. The AIS90 was used for injury classification. Residual physical problems were specified, graded, and mapped on anatomical pictures of the body by the respondents. Logistic regression was used to explore independent factors for residual problems. RESULTS: A total of 341 children (81%) fulfilled the study. Cyclists dominated, 60%, followed by moped users, car occupants and pedestrians. The mean age was 11 years, 61% were boys, 16% were of foreign extraction, 26% were treated as inpatients, and 11% had at least one serious (AIS3+) injury. Residual problems were reported for 16% of the study group (n=53), and of these 31% were located to the lower extremities (mostly knee problems), upper extremities in 20%, face in 14%, neck in 14%, upper trunk in 8%, lower trunk in 8%, and skull/brain in 3%. Significant permanent impairment was reported in one case. Cyclists reported problems significantly less frequently than others. Children reporting problems tended to be older and were most often injured as moped users. Problems to the neck and the upper trunk were reported to a higher rate than the injury rate in these regions. Children with residual problems reported limitations in daily living activities after the accident more often than those without residual physical problems. CONCLUSIONS: Residual physical problems were reported in about one sixth of the study group, few with serious problems. The risk of residual problems should be recognised in older children, especially after moped accidents, and also in children with neck problems.
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| 8. |
- Olofsson, Eva M, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Helmet use and injuries in children's bicycle crashes in the Gothenburg region
- 2017
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 92, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the use and protective effect of helmets in children injured in bicycle crashes and changes in injury patterns during a period of increased helmet use. Method: Injuries in 4246 children below 16 years of age, who attended an A&E ward after a bicycle crash in the Gothenburg region during 1993-2006, were analyzed. The injury severity was classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. The occurrence of skull/brain injuries and facial injuries was analyzed for 3711 children with respect to injury severity, helmet use and demographic and crash-related factors. Changes in injury patterns during the period were analyzed for 4246 children with no regard to helmet use. The ratio of the number of subjects with head injuries to the number of subjects with extremity injuries of any severity and of at least moderate severity was used to estimate the protective effect of helmet at a population level. Results: Helmets were used by 40% of the injured children at the beginning of the period and by 80% at the end; much less frequently by teenagers, especially girls. The adjusted odds of serious or more severe skull/brain injuries and moderate or more severe facial injuries with a helmet were about one fourth of those without a helmet. The proportion of children with skull/brain injuries did not change significantly during the period. Serious or more severe skull/brain injuries were noted more often during the latter half of the period, most often in children without a helmet. The proportion of children with facial injuries decreased, and the proportion with injuries to the upper extremities increased, also for moderate and severe injuries. The ratio between the number of children with head injuries and the number with extremity injuries decreased for injuries of any severity and for moderate or more severe injuries. Conclusions: Bicycle helmets have an obvious protective effect against head injuries in children, regardless of the crash circumstances. Teenagers must be informed about the high risk of skull/brain injuries in bicycle crashes without a helmet. The increasing occurrence of injuries to the upper extremities needs attention. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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