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- Burdorf, L. D. W., et al.
(författare)
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Long-distance electron transport occurs globally in marine sediments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:3, s. 683-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, long filamentous bacteria have been reported conducting electrons over centimetre distances in marine sediments. These so-called cable bacteria perform an electrogenic form of sulfur oxidation, whereby long-distance electron transport links sulfide oxidation in deeper sediment horizons to oxygen reduction in the upper millimetres of the sediment. Electrogenic sulfur oxidation exerts a strong impact on the local sediment biogeochemistry, but it is currently unknown how prevalent the process is within the seafloor. Here we provide a state-of-the-art assessment of its global distribution by combining new field observations with previous reports from the literature. This synthesis demonstrates that electrogenic sulfur oxidation, and hence microbial long-distance electron transport, is a widespread phenomenon in the present-day seafloor. The process is found in coastal sediments within different climate zones (off the Netherlands, Greenland, the USA, Australia) and thrives on a range of different coastal habitats (estuaries, salt marshes, mangroves, coastal hypoxic basins, intertidal flats). The combination of a widespread occurrence and a strong local geochemical imprint suggests that electrogenic sulfur oxidation could be an important, and hitherto overlooked, component of the marine cycle of carbon, sulfur and other elements.
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- Hagberg, Mats, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Broadening the view of exposure assessment
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health. - 1795-9926. ; 27:5, s. 354-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Jackson, Jennie A, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational biomechanical risk factors for surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment in a prospective study of male construction workers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH). - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 45:1, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the association between occupational biomechanical exposures and occurrence of surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE).Methods: A cohort of 229 689 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance program (1971–1993) were examined prospectively over a 13-year case ascertainment period (2001–2013) for surgically treated UNE. Job title (construction trade), smoking status, height, weight and age were recorded on examination. Job titles were merged into occupational groups of workers performing similar work tasks and having similar training. Occupational biomechanical exposure estimates were assigned to each occupational group with a job exposure matrix (JEM) developed for the study. Negative binomial models were used to assess the relative risks for each biomechanical exposure and the sums of highly correlated biomechanical exposures. Surgical treatment of UNE was determined via a linkage with the Swedish Hospital Outpatient Surgery Register.Results: There were 555 cases of surgically treated UNE within the cohort. Workers exposed to forceful hand-grip factors had a 1.4-fold higher relative risk (95% CI 1.18–1.63) of undergoing surgical treatment for UNE compared to unexposed workers. Occupational groups comprising workers exposed to forceful hand-grip work showed the highest risks for UNE and included concrete workers, floor layers, ground preparatory workers, rock blasters, and sheet-metal workers.Conclusion: Forceful hand-grip work increases the risk for surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment.
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- Lillienberg, Linnea, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols and determinants of exposure.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Annals of occupational hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 52:7, s. 597-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols are associated with respiratory disorders including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The aims of this study were to describe exposure to inhalable MWF aerosols and volatile compounds in machine shops, to estimate the influence of important determinants of exposure and to compare different sampling techniques for MWF aerosols. Personal full-shift air samples of inhalable aerosol (PAS-6 sampler) and total aerosol (open-faced sampler) were collected on operators in five medium to big-sized machine shops in three companies. The filters were analysed gravimetrically and extracted by supercritical fluid extraction for MWF aerosol and triethanolamine content. In addition, personal measurements were taken for formaldehyde and volatile compounds on adsorbent samplers. Continuous dust measurements were performed with a real-time instrument (DataRAM) during 2 h periods, using 1-min average values. In total, 95 measurements of inhalable aerosol and extracted MWF aerosols on 51 operators were conducted. Within the companies, the average exposure to inhalable aerosol ranged from 0.19 to 0.25 mg m(-3) with geometric standard deviations from 1.56 to 1.79. On average, the extracted fraction of MWF aerosol was 67% of the inhalable aerosol concentration. The exposure levels of triethanolamine, formaldehyde and volatile compounds were generally low. About 45% of the between-worker variance could be explained by use of compressed air, lack of complete enclosure of machines or grinding as cutting task. In 21 workers with continuous aerosol measurements, short-term peak exposures during 6% of the work time contributed to approximately 25% of the average concentration of inhalable MWF aerosol. Inhalable MWF aerosol concentration measured with the PAS-6 sampler was a factor 2 higher than the concentrations derived from the open-faced sampler. These findings suggest that control measures, such as full enclosure of machines and the elimination of the use of compressed air as cleaning technique, are required to reduce the exposure to MWF aerosols to levels below the expected threshold for adverse respiratory health effects.
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- Mathiassen, Svend Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient one-day sampling of mechanical job exposure data - A study based on upper trapezius activity in cleaners and office workers
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. - 1542-8117. ; 64:2, s. 196-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This ergonomics exposure assessment study compared the efficiency of eight 1-day-only strategies, that is, the relationship between the number of data collected per subject and the precision of the resulting mean exposure estimate. Whole-day electromyographic recordings from the right upper trapezius muscle in 24 cleaners and 23 office workers were processed to give minute-by-minute values of gap time and jerk time-parameters representing the level and frequency dimensions of muscle activation, respectively On-site observations provided data on time spent in each of eight exhaustive task categories in the job, seven of which were associated with activities during work, and the last comprising breaks. On average, sampling at fixed intervals without regard to tasks doubled efficiency as compared with random sampling, which in turn was several times as efficient as consecutive sampling. Stratified sampling according to the two broad categories, work and breaks, increased efficiency for random and fixed-interval sampling, but the gain was distinct only among cleaners (about 20%). The commonly used strategy in ergonomic studies of sampling consecutively for short periods within tasks was highly inefficient. Further classification of work into the seven subcategories resulted in marginal additional increases in efficiency; on average less than 2%. A decision algorithm is given for determining appropriate sampling strategies in different types of jobs.
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- Robroek, Suzan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Poor health, unhealthy behaviors, and unfavorable work characteristics influence pathways of exit from paid employment among older workers in Europe : a four year follow-up study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 39:2, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to get insight into the role of poor health, unhealthy behaviors, and unfavorable work characteristics on exit from paid employment due to disability pension, unemployment, and early retirement among older workers.Methods Respondents of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 11 European countries were selected when (i) aged between 50 years and the country-specific retirement age, and having (ii) paid employment at baseline and (iii) information on employment status during the 4-year follow-up period (N=4923). Self-perceived health, health behaviors, and physical and psychosocial work characteristics were measured by interview at baseline. Employment status was derived from follow-up interviews after two and four years. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify determinants of unemployment, disability pension, and early retirement.Results Poor health was a risk factor for disability pension [hazard ratio (HR) 3.90, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.51–6.05], and a lack of physical activity was a risk factor for disability pension (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.68–5.55) and unemployment (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.13–3.01). A lack of job control was a risk factor for disability pension, unemployment, and early retirement (HR 1.30–1.77).Conclusions Poor health, a lack of physical activity, and a lack of job control played a role in exit from paid employment, but their relative importance differed by pathway of labor force exit. Primary preventive interventions focusing on promoting physical activity as well as increasing job control may contribute to reducing premature exit from paid employment.
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