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- Patrignani, C., et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS : Particle Data Group
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 40:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
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- Olive, K. A., et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 38:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
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- Armstrong, Paul W, et al.
(författare)
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Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction.
- 2020
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 382:20, s. 1883-1893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The effect of vericiguat, a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who had recently been hospitalized or had received intravenous diuretic therapy is unclear.METHODS: In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 5050 patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class II, III, or IV) and an ejection fraction of less than 45% to receive vericiguat (target dose, 10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to guideline-based medical therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or first hospitalization for heart failure.RESULTS: Over a median of 10.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 897 of 2526 patients (35.5%) in the vericiguat group and in 972 of 2524 patients (38.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.98; P = 0.02). A total of 691 patients (27.4%) in the vericiguat group and 747 patients (29.6%) in the placebo group were hospitalized for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.00). Death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 414 patients (16.4%) in the vericiguat group and in 441 patients (17.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.06). The composite of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 957 patients (37.9%) in the vericiguat group and in 1032 patients (40.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.98; P = 0.02). Symptomatic hypotension occurred in 9.1% of the patients in the vericiguat group and in 7.9% of the patients in the placebo group (P = 0.12), and syncope occurred in 4.0% of the patients in the vericiguat group and in 3.5% of the patients in the placebo group (P = 0.30).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with high-risk heart failure, the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure was lower among those who received vericiguat than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme [a subsidiary of Merck] and Bayer; VICTORIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02861534.).
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- Burkert, E, et al.
(författare)
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Cell type-dependent activation of 5-lipoxygenase by arachidonic acid
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of leukocyte biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 73:1, s. 191-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes. We show that stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1, or transfected HeLa cells with arachidonic acid (AA) caused prominent 5-LO product formation that coincided with the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. 5-LO product formation in AA-stimulated PMNL and RBL-1 cells was independent of Ca2+. However, in HeLa cells expressing a 5-LO mutant lacking potential 5-LO phosphorylation sites, removal of Ca2+ caused a prominent loss of 5-LO activity. For Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells, A failed to activate ERKs, and AA-induced 5-LO product formation was only minute. Also, activation of ERKs by phorbol esters did not lead to prominent 5-LO product synthesis. Instead, 5-LO activation in MM6 cells required Ca2+ or alternative signaling pathways induced by hyperosmotic stress. In summary, mechanisms for activation of 5-LO differ considerably between cell types.
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| 9. |
- Metra, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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y Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
- 2019
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 381:8, s. 716-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSerelaxin is a recombinant form of human relaxin-2, a vasodilator hormone that contributes to cardiovascular and renal adaptations during pregnancy. Previous studies have suggested that treatment with serelaxin may result in relief of symptoms and in better outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. MethodsIn this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial, we enrolled patients who were hospitalized for acute heart failure and had dyspnea, vascular congestion on chest radiography, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides, mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, and a systolic blood pressure of at least 125 mm Hg, and we randomly assigned them within 16 hours after presentation to receive either a 48-hour intravenous infusion of serelaxin (30 mu g per kilogram of body weight per day) or placebo, in addition to standard care. The two primary end points were death from cardiovascular causes at 180 days and worsening heart failure at 5 days.ResultsA total of 6545 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At day 180, death from cardiovascular causes had occurred in 285 of the 3274 patients (8.7%) in the serelaxin group and in 290 of the 3271 patients (8.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.15; P=0.77). At day 5, worsening heart failure had occurred in 227 patients (6.9%) in the serelaxin group and in 252 (7.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.07; P=0.19). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of death from any cause at 180 days, the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes or rehospitalization for heart failure or renal failure at 180 days, or the length of the index hospital stay. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsIn this trial involving patients who were hospitalized for acute heart failure, an infusion of serelaxin did not result in a lower incidence of death from cardiovascular causes at 180 days or worsening heart failure at 5 days than placebo. (Funded by Novartis Pharma; RELAX-AHF-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01870778.) In a randomized trial, 6545 patients with acute heart failure were assigned to either serelaxin or placebo in addition to standard care. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes at 180 days or worsening heart failure at 5 days.
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| 10. |
- Werz, O, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of 5-lipoxygenase by cell stress is calcium independent in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 99:3, s. 1044-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes. This study showed that various forms of cell stress, such as chemical stress (sodium arsenite), osmotic stress, or heat shock lead to substantial formation of 5-LO products in freshly isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), when exogenous arachidonic acid (10 μM) was present. In parallel, cell stress led to activation of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) kinases, which can phosphorylate 5-LO in vitro. Interestingly, arsenite also caused redistribution of 5-LO from the cytosol to the nuclear membrane. Only minor activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-jun NH2-terminal kinases was observed, implying that these MAPKs are less important for 5-LO product formation in stress-stimulated PMNLs. Stimulation of 5-LO product formation by Ca++-ionophore A23187 or thapsigargin depended on Ca++; almost no 5-LO product formation was observed in freshly isolated PMNLs when Ca++ was depleted by chelating agents. Also the response toN-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was clearly diminished, but some 5-LO product formation remained. In contrast, stress-induced product formation and translocation of 5-LO, as well as activation of p38 MAPK, occurred also after Ca++ depletion. Moreover, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 blocked stress-induced 5-LO product formation efficiently, whereas ionophore- or thapsigargin-induced formation of 5-LO products was less sensitive. These data show that cell stress can activate 5-LO in isolated PMNLs by a mechanism that does not involve Ca++ mobilization. This mechanism could function independently of Ca++-mediated 5-LO activation for stimulation of leukotriene biosynthesis under physiologic conditions as well as in inflammatory diseases.
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