| 1. |
- Abraham, Roshan Mammen, et al.
(author)
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Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV
- 2022
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In: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 49:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
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| 2. |
- Ackermann, Markus, et al.
(author)
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High-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos : A Snowmass white paper
- 2022
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In: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. - : Elsevier. - 2214-4048 .- 2214-4056. ; 36, s. 55-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years.
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| 3. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(author)
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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 930:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5-11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of similar to 50 mu as, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.
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| 4. |
- Álvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, et al.
(author)
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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) : Science and design
- 2020
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In: Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 63:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 108 GeV. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km(2). A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.
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| 5. |
- Martin, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Creating expectations and controversies for urbanvertical farming
- 2022
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In: XXXI International Horticultural Congress, Ihc2022. - : International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). ; 1356, s. 17-24
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the expansion of vertical farming systems worldwide, many claims of the benefits of these systems are being used in media and by VF producers. Despite this, there is little support in the literature, with few studies assessing the sustainability, potential, and viability of these systems. This has caused a number of expectations and controversies to develop in society directed toward the vertical farming sector. This study analyzes the discourse and narratives being created around these systems in Sweden. We use a document analysis and study the discourse and narratives using Nvivo, with a large share of the material employed from national and regional newspapers published, in addition to webpages and press releases from vertical farms in Sweden. We found a number of emerging themes from different stakeholders. These include those related to the overall positive aspects of vertical farming, such as the contribution to resilience and self-sufficiency, resource efficiency, comparisons to conventional farming practices, and many studies on the future potential and directions these can take (e.g., expanding beyond leafy greens and herbs). There are also a number of studies that outline criticism of vertical farms based on their economic performance and viability, limited capacity, and resource intensity. As such, narratives on the technological advances, resilience, investment, and challenges of vertical farming are widespread. The results are important as they highlight the divergence in the narratives used and the evidence provided in the scientific literature, which can aid in developing new approaches and methods to validate claims and ensure these systems are both sustainable and viable.
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| 6. |
- Valera, Victor B., et al.
(author)
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Near-future discovery of the diffuse flux of ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos
- 2023
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In: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 107:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultrahigh-energy (UHE) neutrinos, with EeV-scale energies, carry with them unique insight into fundamental open questions in astrophysics and particle physics. For 50 years, they have evaded discovery, but maybe not for much longer, thanks to new UHE neutrino telescopes, presently under development. We capitalize on this upcoming opportunity by producing state-of-the-art forecasts of the discovery of a diffuse flux of UHE neutrinos in the next 10-20 years. By design, our forecasts are anchored in often-overlooked nuance from theory and experiment; we gear them to the radio array of the planned IceCube-Gen2 detector. We find encouraging prospects: even under conservative analysis choices, most benchmark UHE neutrino flux models from the literature may be discovered within 10 years of detector exposure-many sooner- and may be distinguished from each other. Our results validate the transformative potential of nextgeneration UHE neutrino telescopes.
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| 7. |
- Valera, Víctor B., et al.
(author)
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The ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon cross section : measurement forecasts for an era of cosmic EeV-neutrino discovery
- 2022
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutrino interactions with protons and neutrons probe their deep structure and may reveal new physics. The higher the neutrino energy, the sharper the probe. So far, the neutrino-nucleon (νN) cross section is known across neutrino energies from a few hundred MeV to a few PeV. Soon, ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, could take us farther. So far, they have evaded discovery, but upcoming UHE neutrino telescopes endeavor to find them. We present the first detailed measurement forecasts of the UHE νN cross section, geared to IceCube-Gen2, one of the leading detectors under planning. We use state-of-the-art ingredients in every stage of our forecasts: in the UHE neutrino flux predictions, the neutrino propagation inside Earth, the emission of neutrino-induced radio signals in the detector, their propagation and detection, and the treatment of backgrounds. After 10 years, if at least a few tens of UHE neutrino-induced events are detected, IceCube-Gen2 could measure the νN cross section at center-of-mass energies of s√ ≈ 10–100 TeV for the first time, with a precision comparable to that of its theory prediction.
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