| 1. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 165:6, s. 899-905
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported in various countries to be 23-93/100000 inhabitants per year. This extended study has evaluated the incidence for similar to 40% of the Swedish population of 9 million inhabitants. Sweden is considered to be iodine sufficient country. Methods:All patients including children, who were newly diagnosed with overt hyperthyroidism in the years 2003-2005, were prospectively registered in a multicenter study. The inclusion criteria are as follows:clinical symptoms and/or signs of hyperthyroidism with plasma TSH concentration below 0.2 mIE/l and increased plasma levels of free/total triiodothyronine and/or free/total thyroxine. Patients with relapse of hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis were not included. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA), smoking, initial treatment, occurrence of thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs, and demographic data were registered. Results:A total of 2916 patients were diagnosed with de novo hyperthyroidism showing the total incidence of 27.6/100 000 inhabitants per year. The incidence of GD was 21.0/100 000 and toxic nodular goiter (TNG=STA+TMNG) occurred in 692 patients, corresponding to an annual incidence of 6.5/100 000. The incidence was higher in women compared with men (4.2:1). Seventy-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with GD, in whom thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs occurred during diagnosis in every fifth patient. Geographical differences were observed. Conclusion:The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden is in a lower range compared with international reports. Seventy-five percent of patients with hyperthyroidism had GD and 20% of them had thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs during diagnosis. The observed geographical differences require further studies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Björk, Glenn R, et al.
(författare)
-
A primordial tRNA modification required for the evolution of life?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 20:1-2, s. 231-239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of reading frame maintenance must have been an early event, and presumably preceded the emergence of the three domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Features evolved early in reading frame maintenance may still exist in present-day organisms. We show that one such feature may be the modified nucleoside 1-methylguanosine (m(1)G37), which prevents frameshifting and is present adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon (position 37) in the same subset of tRNAs from all organisms, including that with the smallest sequenced genome (Mycoplasma genitalium), and organelles. We have identified the genes encoding the enzyme tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltransferase from all three domains. We also show that they are orthologues, and suggest that they originated from a primordial gene. Lack of m(1)G37 severely impairs the growth of a bacterium and a eukaryote to a similar degree. Yeast tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltransferase also synthesizes 1-methylinosine and participates in the formation of the Y-base (yW). Our results suggest that m(1)G37 existed in tRNA before the divergence of the three domains, and that a tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltrans ferase is part of the minimal set of gene products required for life.
|
|
| 3. |
- Byström, Erica
(författare)
-
Ett lärorikt arbete? : Möjligheter och hinder för undersköterskor att lära och utvecklas i sjukvårdsarbetet
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen, som är en kvalitativ studie, rör yrkesgruppen undersköterskor inom hälso- och sjukvården. Syftet med studien har varit att studera och bidra med ökad kunskap, dels om villkoren för lärande och kunskapsbildning i arbetslivet, dels mer specifikt om undersköterskors arbete, arbetsvillkor samt villkor för lärande och utveckling på arbetsplatsen.Avhandlingens teoretiska referensram utgår från tidigare forskning och teoribildning om arbetsrelaterat lärande som kunnat sammanfattas i en modell, i vilken fyra olika grupper av faktorer, som är betydelsefulla för lärande i och genom arbetet, beskrivs. De fyra är: 1) Arbetets och organisering 2) Formell och icke-formell utbildning 3) Sociala aspekter och 4) Individuella faktorer.Tre olika sjukvårdsenheter; en akutsjukvårdsenhet, en barnsjukvårdsenhet och en operationssjukvårdsenhet, samtliga vid ett större sjukhus, ingår i studien. 17 undersköterskor och 5 vårdenhetschefer har intervjuats.Avhandlingen visar att undersköterskor som verkar inom akut eller traumatisk sjukvård också har ett varierat och oförutsett arbete, vilket ger dem goda möjligheter till lärande och utveckling. Vidare har undersköterskor som arbetar med uppgifter inom vårdens kärnverksamhet möjlighet att lära i arbetet. Avgörande i sammanhanget är att dessa arbetsuppgifter uppfattas som intressanta, meningsfulla och stimulerande. Lärande underlättas för de undersköterskor som arbetar vid en vårdenhet där de görs delaktiga i vårdarbetet och arbetsgemenskapen. Undersköterskor som arbetar tillsammans med andra yrkesgrupper kan ha möjlighet att lära i arbetet. Även delegering av arbetsuppgifter har betydelse för möjligheterna att lära. Avhandlingen visar också att undersköterskor kan hindras från att lära i arbetet om den sjuksköterska som de arbetar närmast (i vårdpar eller i team) inte tillåter dem att utföra vissa arbetsuppgifter. Det framkommer också att undersköterskor som saknar intresse, eller ork hindras från att lära och utvecklas i arbetet. Undersköterskor har begränsade möjligheter att delta i, och utvecklas genom formella läraktiviteter. Kursutbudet är litet och en del av de kurser som erbjuds rör inte vårdens kärnverksamhet.
|
|
| 4. |
- Byström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
COMSI®—A Form of Treatment That Offers an Opportunity to Play, Communicate and Become Socially Engaged through the Lens of Nature—A Single Case Study about an 8-Year-Old Boy with Autism and Intellectual Disability
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study shows how an 8-year-old boy with autism and mild intellectual disability underwent positive psychological development in terms of play, social communication, and mentalization during a year and a half of group-based therapy using COMSI®-(COMmunication and Social Interaction). This eclectic treatment has a relational approach and is based on developmental psychology, knowledge of autism, and the impact of nature and animals on human health. The change in the child was been studied using both quantitative and qualitative methods. His general intellectual capacity was measured using the Wechler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, and his Mentalization Ability/Theory of Mind was assessed using three tests: Eva and Anna, Hiding the fruit and Kiki and the cat. Throughout the study period, change was documented with the help of the therapists’ process notes and the parents’ descriptions. The results show that support for the child comes from three different sources: nature, animals, and the therapists. Animals and nature form the basis for episodes of coordinated attention in conversation and play with therapists. The therapists’ approach used sensitivity and compliance with the child’s needs and focus of interest.
|
|
| 5. |
- Byström, Kristina
(författare)
-
Djur och natur som stöd för psykologisk utveckling hos barn och ungdomar med autism : ett nytt och mer fritt sätt att utvecklas genom social interaktion
- 2020
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskning visar att djur kan ge socialt och emotionellt stöd till barn och ungdomar med autism men få studier har undersökt husdjurens betydelse för barnens utveckling eller betydelsen av att inkludera natur och djur i en längre samspelsbehandling. Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och förklara på vilka sätt som natur och djur kan tillföra värden som underlättar för gruppens psykologiska utveckling. Den första artikeln är en fokusgruppstudie med syftet att undersöka betydelsen av husdjur för barn och ungdomar med autism sett från föräldrarnas perspektiv. Resultatet visade sammantaget att husdjur kan bidra med stöd till gruppens sociala utveckling men också till utveckling av beteenden och funktioner samt förbättra psykisk hälsa och livskvalité. Tre teman hittades: 1. Kvalitén på relationen med husdjuret. 2. Ökad interaktion med människor. 3. Optimera barnens funktioner och utveckling. Barnen och ungdomarnas intressen och aktiviteter med husdjuren var mer sociala än icke sociala och av en annan kvalité än de begränsade och repetitiva beteenden som barn med autism vanligtvis är engagerade i. Den andra artikeln är en diskussion med syftet att söka efter en teoretisk modell som fördjupar förståelsen av vilka mekanismer som kan ligga bakom positiva effekter av att involvera natur och djur i en utvecklingsstödjande längre samspelsbehandling. Metoden i artikeln är grundad teori. Data kommer från en behandlingsmodell (ett och ett halvt år, totalt nio barn), från miljöpsykologi och från utvecklingspsykologi, både typisk och atypisk som vid autism. Resultatet består av tre nyckelkategorier: 1. Minska stress och inge lugn och ro. 2. Väcka nyfikenhet och intresse. 3. Framkalla spontan uppmärksamhet. Dessa tre nyckelkategorier är relaterade till en underliggande kärnvariabel, vitalitetsformer, vilka beskrevs av Daniel Stern och som enligt honom har betydelse för att skapa globala upplevelseformer, dvs helhetsupplevelser. Här argumenteras för att vitalitetsformerna från natur och djur kan vara särskilt gynnsamma för att åstadkomma goda ögonblick av samspel mellan barnet och behandlare som befrämjar psykologisk utveckling. Utgångspunkten är hjärnans sätt att koda in många interna och externa händelser, baserade på rörelseperception. Avhandlingens resultat visar att natur och djur kan vara goda omständigheter för barn och ungdomar med autism att klara av att skapa mening av sina upplevelser i naturligt uppkomna situationer och ögonblick. Sådana ögonblick har också visat sig kunna inbegripa socialt engagerat samspel och kommunikation med andra människor där stödet till barnet kan ges direkt när något händer. Framtida forskning får utvisa om denna typ av fördjupade och tydliga upplevelser i samband med natur och djur kan bilda en ny och kompletterande behandlingsväg för barn med autism och so m optimerar villkoren för den psykologiska Djur och natur som stöd för psykologisk utveckling hos barn och ungdomar med autism. Ett nytt och mer fritt sätt att utvecklas genom social interaktion Sammanfattning utvecklingen genom socialt samspel. Om så är fallet ses också möjligheten för att psykisk hälsa och livskvalité förbättras.
|
|
| 6. |
- Byström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meaning of Companion Animals for Children and Adolescents with Autism: The Parents' Perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Anthrozoos. - 1753-0377 .- 0892-7936. ; 28:2, s. 263-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to understand parents' perspectives on how children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) benefit from a relationship with companion animals. Parents were invited to participate in focus-group discussions. One open-ended question with follow-up questions was asked and the parents' responses were subsequently categorized. Three main themes emerged: the quality of the relationship with the companion animal; increased interaction with people; and optimization of the child's function and development. The results show that companion animals can contribute to social and behavioral development support, and improved mental health and quality of life. The children's and adolescents' interests and activities with companion animals were more social than non-social and of different quality than the restricted and repetitive activities in which children with ASD are normally engaged. Our findings describe a complementary developmental support for this vulnerable group of children and adolescents, which give them possibilities for expanded social contacts, diminished anxiety and depression, and facilitated learning.
|
|
| 7. |
- Byström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitality from experiences in nature and contact with animals—a way to develop joint attention and social engagement in children with autism?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals are increasingly included in treatment for children with autism, and research has shown positive effects, such as increased social initiatives, decreased typical autistic behaviors, and decreased stress. However, there are still knowledge gaps, for example, on underlying mechanisms and effects from longer treatment duration. The purpose of this study is to contribute to these gaps and ask questions about the ways in which animals and nature can improve conditions for psychological development through support from therapists. The method is based on grounded theory. Data comes from a treatment model (duration 11/2 years, a total of nine children), from environmental psychology and developmental psychology, both typical and atypical as in autism. The results consist of three key categories; reduce stress and instill calm, arouse curiosity and interest, and attract attention spontaneously. These three key categories are related to an underlying core variable, vitality forms, which was described by Daniel Stern and, according to him, is important in forming overall experiences. The starting point is the brain's way of encoding many internal and external events based on movement perception. Here it is argued that the vitality forms from nature and animals are particularly favorable for effecting development-promoting interactions with a therapist.
|
|
| 8. |
- Holmberg, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment outcome 6-10 years after diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in 2916 patients : a longitudinal evaluation of a swedish incidence cohort
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Thyroid. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1050-7256 .- 1557-9077. ; :S1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Treatment of Graves’ disease (GD) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG) has the objectives to cure hyperthyroidism, prevent recurrent disease and preserve thyroid function. Treatment efficacies and long-termout comes of antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) or surgery varies in the literature. We report outcome of treatment, cure rate and risk factors for relapse for GD and TNG in an unselected cohort. A prospective incidence-cohort of de novo diagnosed GD and TNG patients (n = 2916) from 2003-05, were invited to a follow-up 6 - 10 years after diagnosis. Questionnaires were sent to 2430 patients regarding treatments, cure rate, recurrence, quality of life, demographic data, comorbidities and life-style factors. Patients were treated according to clinical routine with ATD, RAI or surgery. Of those included, 1186 (83.3%) had GD and 237 (16.7%) had TNG. In GD patients, 351 (45.3%), 264 (81.5%), and 52 (96.3%) were cured by ATD, RAI or surgery respectively as first line treatment. Of those, 77.0%, 15.4% and 3.8% respectively were without levothyr-oxine supplementation at follow-up at 8 – 0.9 years. Including all treatment modalities, 851 (71.8%) of GD patients were cured within one treatment period. At follow-up, 278 (23%) of GD patients had been operated. In TNG patients, RAI cured 88.6% and surgery 92.9%, whereof 52/154 (33.8%) and 3/15 (20%) had no levothyroxine supplementation post RAI and surgery, respectively.The proportion that did not feel fully recovered at follow-up was 25.3% of GD and 18.1% of the TNG patients. Overall, treatment of hyperthyroidism results in preserved thyroid function only in 35.3% and 44.7% of GD and TNG cases, respectively. As many as 23.4% of the GD patients end up with surgery although only 4.6% choose it from the beginning. Our treatment tradition cures 71.8% of GD patients and 78.1% of TNG patients within one treatment period. The high number of patients who do not feel recovered 6 -10 years after hyperthyroidism in GD and TNG is are minder of the chronic nature of hyperthyroidism.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nilsson Björkenstam, Kristina, Ph.D., et al.
(författare)
-
SUC-CORE: SUC 2.0 Annotated with NP Coreference
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC), October 24-26, 2012, Lund.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUC-CORE is a subset of Stockholm Umeå Corpus 2.0 and Swedish Treebank, annotated with noun phrase coreference. While most coreference annotated corpora consist of texts of similar types within related domains, SUC-CORE consists of both informative and imaginative prose and covers a wide range of literary genres and domains.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sj?lin, G., et al.
(författare)
-
The Long-Term Outcome of Treatment for Graves' Hyperthyroidism
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Thyroid. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1050-7256 .- 1557-9077. ; 29:11, s. 1545-1557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The treatment efficacy of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, radioactive iodine (I-131), or surgery for Graves' hyperthyroidism is well described. However, there are a few reports on the long-term total outcome of each treatment modality regarding how many require levothyroxine supplementation, the need of thyroid ablation, or the individual patient's estimation of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a pragmatic trial to determine the effectiveness and adverse outcome in a patient cohort newly diagnosed with Graves' hyperthyroidism between 2003 and 2005 (n = 2430). The patients were invited to participate in a longitudinal study spanning 8 +/- 0.9 years (mean +/- standard deviation) after diagnosis. We were able to follow 1186 (60%) patients who had been treated with ATD, I-131, or surgery. We determined the mode of treatment, remission rate, recurrence, quality of life, demographic data, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors through questionnaires and a review of the individual's medical history records. Results: At follow-up, the remission rate after first-line treatment choice with ATD was 45.3% (351/774), with I-131 therapy 81.5% (324/264), and with surgery 96.3% (52/54). Among those patients who had a second course of ATD, 29.4% achieved remission (vs. the 45.3% after the first course of ATD). The total number of patients who had undergone ablative treatment was 64.3% (763/1186), of whom 23% (278/1186) had received surgery, 43% (505/1186) had received I-131 therapy, including 2% (20/1186) who had received both surgery and I-131. Patients who received ATD as first-line treatment and possibly additional ATD had 49.7% risk (385/774) of having undergone ablative treatment at follow-up. Levothyroxine replacement was needed in 23% (81/351) of the initially ATD treated in remission, in 77.3% (204/264) of the I-131 treated, and in 96.2% (50/52) of the surgically treated patients. Taken together after 6-10 years, and all treatment considered, normal thyroid hormone status without thyroxine supplementation was only achieved in 35.7% (423/1186) of all patients and in only 40.3% of those initially treated with ATD. The proportion of patients that did not feel fully recovered at follow-up was 25.3%. Conclusion: A patient selecting ATD therapy as the initial approach in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism should be informed that they have only a 50.3% chance of ultimately avoiding ablative treatment and only a 40% chance of eventually being euthyroid without thyroid medication. Surprisingly, 1 in 4 patients did not feel fully recovered after 6-10 years. The treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism, thus, has unexpected long-term consequences for many patients.
|
|
