| 1. |
- Groenen, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 491:7424, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Macari, F., et al.
(författare)
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TRM6/61 connects PKCα with translational control through tRNAiMet stabilization : impact on tumorigenesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 35:14, s. 1785-1796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence suggests that changes of the protein synthesis machinery alter translation of specific mRNAs and participate in malignant transformation. Here we show that protein kinase C [alpha] (PKC[alpha]) interacts with TRM61, the catalytic subunit of the TRM6/61 tRNA methyltransferase. The TRM6/61 complex is known to methylate the adenosine 58 of the initiator methionine tRNA (tRNAiMet), a nuclear post-transcriptional modification associated with the stabilization of this crucial component of the translation-initiation process. Depletion of TRM6/61 reduced proliferation and increased death of C6 glioma cells, effects that can be partially rescued by overexpression of tRNAiMet. In contrast, elevated TRM6/61 expression regulated the translation of a subset of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in the tumorigenic process and increased the ability of C6 cells to form colonies in soft agar or spheres when grown in suspension. In TRM6/61/tRNAiMet-overexpressing cells, PKC[alpha] overexpression decreased tRNAiMet expression and both colony- and sphere-forming potentials. A concomitant increase in TRM6/TRM61 mRNA and tRNAiMet expression with decreased expression of PKC[alpha] mRNA was detected in highly aggressive glioblastoma multiforme as compared with Grade II/III glioblastomas, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Altogether, we suggest that PKC[alpha] tightly controls TRM6/61 activity to prevent translation deregulation that would favor neoplastic development.
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| 4. |
- Friant, S, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between Ty1 retrotransposon RNA and the T and D regions of the tRNA(iMet) primer are required for initiation of reverse transcription in vivo
- 1998
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 18:2, s. 799-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reverse transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon is primed by tRNA(iMet) base paired to the primer binding site (PBS) near the 5' end of Ty1 genomic RNA. The 10-nucleotide PBS is complementary to the last 10 nucleotides of the acceptor stem of tRNA(iMet). A structural probing study of the interactions between the Ty1 RNA template and the tRNA(iMet) primer showed that besides interactions between the PBS and the 3' end of tRNA(iMet), three short regions of Ty1 RNA, named boxes 0, 1, and 2.1, interact with the T and D stems and loops of tRNA(iMet). To determine if these sequences are important for the reverse transcription pathway of the Ty1 retrotransposon, mutant Ty1 elements and tRNA(iMet) were tested for the ability to support transposition. We show that the Ty1 boxes and the complementary sequences in the T and D stems and loops of tRNA(iMet) contain bases that are critical for Ty1 retrotransposition. Disruption of 1 or 2 bp between tRNA(iMet) and box 0, 1, or 2.1 dramatically decreases the level of transposition. Compensatory mutations which restore base pairing between the primer and the template restore transposition. Analysis of the reverse transcription intermediates generated inside Ty1 virus-like particles indicates that initiation of minus-strand strong-stop DNA synthesis is affected by mutations disrupting complementarity between Ty1 RNA and primer tRNA(iMet).
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| 5. |
- Åström, S U, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic interactions between a null allele of the RIT1 gene encoding an initiator tRNA-specific modification enzyme and genes encoding translation factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 1999
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Ingår i: Molecular General Genetics. - : Springer. - 0026-8925 .- 1432-1874. ; 261:6, s. 967-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene RIT1 encodes a phospho-ribosyl transferase that exclusively modifies the initiator tRNA (tRNAMet(i)) by the addition of a 2'-O-ribosyl phosphate group to Adenosine 64. As a result, tRNAMet(i) is prevented from participating in the elongation steps of protein synthesis. We previously showed that the modification is not essential for the function of tRNAMet(i) in the initiation of translation, since rit1 null strains are viable and show no obvious growth defects. Here, we demonstrate that yeast strains in which a rit1 null allele is combined with mutations in any of the genes for the three subunits of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2), or with disruption alleles of two of the four initiator methionine tRNA (IMT) genes, show synergistic growth defects. A multicopy plasmid carrying an IMT gene can alleviate these defects. On the other hand, introduction of a high-copy-number plasmid carrying the TEF2 gene, which encodes the eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eEF-1alpha), into rit1 null strains with two intact IMT genes had the opposite effect, indicating that increased levels of eEF-1alpha are deleterious to these strains, presumably due to sequestration of the unmodified met-tRNAMet(i) for elongation. Thus, under conditions in which the components of the ternary met-tRNAMet(i):GTP:eIF-2 complex become limiting or are functionally impaired, the presence of the 2'-O-ribosyl phosphate modification in tRNAMet(i) is important for the provision of adequate amounts of tRNAMet(i) for formation of this ternary complex.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, L-O, et al.
(författare)
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A new neutron beam facility
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 9th European Particle Accelerator Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Babu, Karthik, et al.
(författare)
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A Review on the Flammability Properties of Carbon-Based Polymeric Composites : State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI. - 2073-4360. ; 12:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon based fillers have attracted a great deal of interest in polymer composites because of their ability to beneficially alter properties at low filler concentration, good interfacial bonding with polymer, availability in different forms, etc. The property alteration of polymer composites makes them versatile for applications in various fields, such as constructions, microelectronics, biomedical, and so on. Devastations due to building fire stress the importance of flame-retardant polymer composites, since they are directly related to human life conservation and safety. Thus, in this review, the significance of carbon-based flame-retardants for polymers is introduced. The effects of a wide variety of carbon-based material addition (such as fullerene, CNTs, graphene, graphite, and so on) on reaction-to-fire of the polymer composites are reviewed and the focus is dedicated to biochar-based reinforcements for use in flame retardant polymer composites. Additionally, the most widely used flammability measuring techniques for polymeric composites are presented. Finally, the key factors and different methods that are used for property enhancement are concluded and the scope for future work is discussed.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Björk, Glenn R, et al.
(författare)
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A primordial tRNA modification required for the evolution of life?
- 2001
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 20:1-2, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of reading frame maintenance must have been an early event, and presumably preceded the emergence of the three domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Features evolved early in reading frame maintenance may still exist in present-day organisms. We show that one such feature may be the modified nucleoside 1-methylguanosine (m(1)G37), which prevents frameshifting and is present adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon (position 37) in the same subset of tRNAs from all organisms, including that with the smallest sequenced genome (Mycoplasma genitalium), and organelles. We have identified the genes encoding the enzyme tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltransferase from all three domains. We also show that they are orthologues, and suggest that they originated from a primordial gene. Lack of m(1)G37 severely impairs the growth of a bacterium and a eukaryote to a similar degree. Yeast tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltransferase also synthesizes 1-methylinosine and participates in the formation of the Y-base (yW). Our results suggest that m(1)G37 existed in tRNA before the divergence of the three domains, and that a tRNA(m(1)G37)methyltrans ferase is part of the minimal set of gene products required for life.
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