| 1. |
- Pailler, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic revision of Jumellea (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) in the Mascarenes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3163 .- 1179-3155. ; 477:1, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a taxonomic revision of the genus Jumellea (Angraecinae; Orchidaceae) in the Mascarenes based on morphological study and field observations. We examined 328 specimens mostly from the MAU, P and REU, and recognise nine species. We provide a key, morphological descriptions, distributions, habitats, phenologies and conservation assessments following the Red List categories and criteria (IUCN). All nine species are present on Réunion with two being endemic there, and five have been confirmed on Mauritius, none of them endemic. The single species recorded for Rodrigues is also the only one found on all three islands of the Mascarenes and Madagascar. Five species are endemic to the Mascarene Archipelago, whereas the other four also occur in Madagascar. All nine species qualify as threatened with extinction on at least one of the islands of the Mascarenes. Two species are probably extinct on one island, and only two species on Réunion are not threatened.
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| 2. |
- Veldman, Sarina, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput sequencing of African chikanda cake highlights conservation challenges in orchids
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 26:9, s. 2029-2046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chikanda is a traditional dish made with wild-harvested ground orchid tubers belonging to three orchidioid genera, Disa, Satyrium and Habenaria, all of which are CITES appendix II-listed. Identification of collected orchid tubers is very difficult and documentation of constituent species in prepared chikanda has hitherto been impossible. Here amplicon metabarcoding was used in samples of six prepared chikanda cakes to study genetic sequence diversity and species diversity in this product. Molecular operational taxonomic unit identification using similarity-matching reveals that species of all three genera were present in the chikanda samples studied. Disa was present in all of the samples, Satyrium in five out of six and Habenaria in one of the samples, as well as a number of other plants. The fact that each sample contained orchids and the presence of a wide variety of species from all genera in this traditional dish raise serious concerns about the sustainability of this trade and the future of wild orchid populations in the main harvest areas. This proof-of-concept study shows that Ion-Torrent PGM is a cost-effective scalable platform for metabarcoding using the relatively long nrITS1 and nrITS2 regions. Furthermore, nrITS metabarcoding can be successfully used for the detection of specific ingredients in a highly-processed food product at genus level, and this makes it a useful tool in the detection of possible conservation issues arising from commercialized trade or processed plant products.
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| 3. |
- Veldman, Sarina, et al.
(författare)
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Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids-DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda
- 2018
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425 .- 2073-4425. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Zambia, wild edible terrestrial orchids are used to produce a local delicacy called chikanda, which has become increasingly popular throughout the country. Commercialization puts orchid populations in Zambia and neighbouring countries at risk of overharvesting. Hitherto, no study has documented which orchid species are traded on local markets, as orchid tubers are difficult to identify morphologically. In this study, the core land-plant DNA barcoding markers rbcL and matK were used in combination with nrITS to determine which species were sold in Zambian markets. Eighty-two interviews were conducted to determine harvesting areas, as well as possible sustainability concerns. By using nrITS DNA barcoding, a total of 16 orchid species in six different genera could be identified. Both rbcL and matK proved suitable to identify the tubers up to the genus or family level. Disa robusta, Platycoryne crocea and Satyrium buchananii were identified most frequently and three previously undocumented species were encountered on the market. Few orchid species are currently listed on the global International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Local orchid populations and endemic species could be at risk of overharvesting due to the intensive and indiscriminate harvesting of chikanda orchids, and we therefore encourage increased conservation assessment of terrestrial African orchids.
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| 4. |
- Veldman, Sarina, et al.
(författare)
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Trade in Zambian edible terrestrial orchids - molecular identification reveals use of previously undocumented orchid taxa for chikanda.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Zambia wild edible terrestrial orchids are used to produce a local Bemba delicacy called chikanda. Over the past decades chikanda has become increasingly popular throughout the country and commercialization puts orchid populations in Zambia, as well as neighboring countries, at risk of overharvesting. Up until now no study has documented which orchid species are traded on local markets, as orchid tubers are difficult to identify to genus or species level. In this study, the core land- plant DNA barcoding markers rbcL and matK were used in combination with nrITS to determine which species were sold on Zambian markets. A total of 82 interviews were held to determine harvesting areas, as well as possible sustainability concerns. By using nrITS DNA barcoding, a total of 16 orchid species in six different genera could be identified among the market samples, from which three were previously undocumented. Both rbcL and matK proved unsuitable for species-level identification, but can be used to identify the tubers up to genus- or family level. Satyrium buchananii, Platycoryne crocea and Disa robusta were encountered most frequently. International chikanda trade- hubs were identified in Zambia on the borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Angola. People involved in chikanda trade indicate that both tuber quality, as well as quantity, were decreasing and were willing to consider alternatives to chikanda trade to secure their income. Currently hardly any orchid species are listed on the Zambian IUCN Red List. Local orchid populations and endemic species could be at risk of overharvesting due to the intensive and indiscriminate harvesting of chikanda orchids and we therefore urge for updating the IUCN Red List for terrestrial African orchids.
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