| 1. |
- Krebs, Frederik C, et al.
(författare)
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A round robin study of flexible large-area roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cell modules
- 2009
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248. ; 93:11, s. 1968-1977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A round robin for the performance of roll-to-roll coated flexible large-area polymer solar-cell modules involving 18 different laboratories in Northern America, Europe and Middle East is presented. The study involved the performance measurement of the devices at one location (Riso DTU) followed by transportation to a participating laboratory for performance measurement and return to the starting location (Riso DTU) for re-measurement of the performance. It was found possible to package polymer solar-cell modules using a flexible plastic barrier material in such a manner that degradation of the devices played a relatively small role in the experiment that has taken place over 4 months. The method of transportation followed both air-mail and surface-mail paths.
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| 2. |
- O Reese, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices
- 2011
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0927-0248. ; 95:5, s. 1253-1267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procedures for testing organic solar cell devices and modules with respect to stability and operational lifetime are described. The descriptions represent a consensus of the discussion and conclusions reached during the first 3 years of the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS). The procedures include directions for shelf life testing, outdoor testing, laboratory weathering testing and thermal cycling testing, as well as guidelines for reporting data. These procedures are not meant to be qualification tests, but rather generally agreed test conditions and practices to allow ready comparison between laboratories and to help improving the reliability of reported values. Failure mechanisms and detailed degradation mechanisms are not covered in this report.
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| 3. |
- Kawahara, Jun
(författare)
-
Novel architectures for flexible electrochemical devices and systems
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrically conducting polymers were discovered in the late 1970s. This finding generated a whole new research area named organic electronics, an area which has attracted great interest and tremendous achievements, in terms of devices and applications, have been reached by different research groups all over the world. Replacing inorganic materials by their organic counterparts in various kinds of electronic devices provides novel device functionalities as well as new opportunities in device manufacturing. One of the major advantages of utilizing organic materials in electronic devices is the high degree of freedom regarding fabrication methods. Since organic materials can be processed from solution various printing, coating and lamination techniques can be used to manufacture entire electronic systems on flexible carriers and substrates in a truly reel-to-reel fashion.The main theme of this thesis relates to exploring novel device architectures to enable easy manufacturing of flexible electrochromic displays based on organic materials. After the introduction, the second part of the thesis treats some of the fundamentals of conducting polymers, and the third part explains the building blocks of matrix-addressed electrochromic displays: those systems combine electrochemical transistors and electrochromic display pixels. A brief introduction to printed electronics is also given in the fourth section. Then, active matrix addressed displays utilizing electronic vias manufactured through the substrate, which enable to use the substrate more efficiently in the resulting three-dimensional architecture, are presented in the fifth section. This novel system arrangement results in a matrix-addressed display with a relatively high fill-factor since its subcomponents are located on opposite sides of the substrate. The sixth section of the thesis is related to the achievement of passive matrix addressed displays. The architecture and the manufacturing process of these electrochromic displays are both very simple: an electrolyte is sandwiched in between the counter and the pixel electrode layers. The electrode materials chosen results in a non-linear current versus voltage characteristics, which enables matrix addressability also without the transistors. At last, in the seventh section, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used as the scaffold for either an electroactive polymer or the electrolyte. Various components, such as electrochromic pixels and electrochemical transistors, can be built from the resulting solid films thanks to the stable, soft and tacky properties of the hybridized NFC layer. Hence, a new concept for integration and reconfiguration of electronic systems consisting of electrochemical devices is achieved.
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| 4. |
- Sandström, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient fabrication of flexible and large-area organic light-emitting devices using slot-die coating
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 3, s. 1002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grand vision of manufacturing large-area emissive devices with low-cost roll-to-roll coating methods, akin to how newspapers are produced, appeared with the emergence of the organic light-emitting diode about 20 years ago. Today, small organic light-emitting diode displays are commercially available in smartphones, but the promise of a continuous ambient fabrication has unfortunately not materialized yet, as organic light-emitting diodes invariably depend on the use of one or more time-and energy-consuming process steps under vacuum. Here we report an all-solution-based fabrication of an alternative emissive device, a light-emitting electrochemical cell, using a slot-die roll-coating apparatus. The fabricated flexible sheets exhibit bidirectional and uniform light emission, and feature a fault-tolerant >1-mu m-thick active material that is doped in situ during operation. It is notable that the initial preparation of inks, the subsequent coating of the constituent layers and the final device operation all could be executed under ambient air.
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| 5. |
- Schukfeh, Muhammed Ihab, et al.
(författare)
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Conductance Enhancement of InAs/InP Heterostructure Nanowires by Surface Functionalization with Oligo(phenylene vinylene)s
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 7:5, s. 4111-4118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the electronic transport through 3 mu m long, 45 nm diameter InAs nanowires comprising a 5 nm long InP segment as electronic barrier. After assembly of 12 nm long oligo(phenylene vinylene) derivative molecules onto these InAs/InP nanowires, we observed a pronounced, nonlinear I-V characteristic with significantly increased currents of up to 1 mu A at 1 V bias, for a back-gate voltage of 3 V. As supported by our model calculations based on a nonequilibrium Green Function approach, we attribute this effect to charge transport through those surface-bound molecules, which electrically bridge both InAs regions across the embedded InP barrier.
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