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Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thought-provoking book expands on the notion that Big Science is not the only term to describe and investigate particularly large research projects, scientific collaborations and facilities. It investigates the significant overlap between Big Science and Research Infrastructures (RIs) in a European context since the early twenty-first century. Contributions to this innovative book not only augment the study of Big Science with new perspectives, but also launch the study of RIs as a promising new line of inquiry.
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- Brainin, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Poststroke chronic disease management: towards improved identification and interventions for poststroke spasticity-related complications.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4949 .- 1747-4930. ; 6:1, s. 42-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper represents the opinion of a group of researchers and clinicians with an established interest in poststroke care and is based on the recognised need for long-term care following stroke, especially in view of the global increase of disability due to stroke. Among the more frequent long-term complications following stroke are spasticity-related disabilities. Although spasticity alone occurs in up to 60% of stroke survivors, disabling spasticity affects only 4-10%. Spasticity further interferes with important functions of daily life when it occurs in association with pain, motor impairment, and overall declines of cognitive and neurological function. It is proposed that the aftermath of stroke be considered a chronic disease requiring a multifactorial and multilevel approach. There are, however, knowledge gaps related to the prediction and recognition of poststroke disability. Interventions to prevent or minimise such disabilities require further development and evaluation. Poststroke spasticity research should focus on reducing disability and be considered as part of a continuum of chronic care requirements and should be recognised as a part of a comprehensive poststroke disease management programme.
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- Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe : Conclusions and outlook
- 2020
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Ingår i: Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839100000 - 9781839100017 ; , s. 251-257
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Big Science and Research Infrastructures are ostensibly important features of contemporary European science and innovation policy. But while we can look back on half a century of attention to Big Science, in political debate as well as scholarly studies of depth and breadth, Research Infrastructures is a more recent phenomenon. In this concluding chapter, we summarize the findings and the contributions of the chapters of this book, outlining how they contribute to the state of the art of the study of Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe, and how they point the way to a continued effort to shed light on these evidently important features of national and international science and science policymaking.
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- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Is there an ‘iron law’ of Big Science?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839100000 - 9781839100017 ; , s. 217-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Big Science is costly and complex, and historical evidence seems to suggest that projects often get delayed and more expensive than planned. On the basis of several studies of large infrastructures such as railroads and bridges, the Danish geographer Bent Flyvbjerg has proposed that there is an “iron law” of megaprojects, meaning that they almost without exception turn out more expensive and more time-consuming to complete than originally envisaged. In this chapter, the “iron law” is applied on Big Science in Europe, to see whether it holds, and if so, to make a preliminary analysis of why. The chapter uses a sample of the 17 most expensive Research Infrastructures listed on ESFRI roadmaps, complemented by an in-depth case study of the neutron facility European Spallation Source currently under construction in Lund, Sweden to investigate this matter, important for both policymaking and scholarly research.
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| 8. |
- Moskovko, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Intensified role of the European Union? : European Research Infrastructure Consortium as a legal framework for contemporary multinational research collaboration
- 2020
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Ingår i: Big Science and Research Infrastructures in Europe. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839100017 - 9781839100000 ; , s. 128-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an introduction to the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) – a European Union (EU) policy tool introduced in 2009 with the purpose to set up and operate collaborative Research Infrastructures by granting them a legal personality and qualities of an international organization. The shared responsibility between the member states and the EU in the research and innovation policy area explains the marginal involvement of the EU in ERICs. Nonetheless, since the enactment of the ERIC regulation, 21 Research Infrastructures have been established with its help, and the ERIC appears to have gained a momentum as an all-encompassing and flexible form is able to accommodate a wide range of Research Infrastructures. The ERIC organizational form is likely here to stay, although the form and the exact capabilities of ERICs might change with the changed priorities of the EU, and the degree of its willingness to further shape its own creation.
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