| 1. |
- Li, Zhuona, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN on steroidogenesis in H295R cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 90:3, s. 1227-1235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(γ)-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) are widely used in personal care products. Previous studies showed that HHCB and AHTN can be found in various environmental matrices and have potential endocrine disrupting effects. However, the effects on adrenocortical function of HHCB and AHTN are not fully understood. This study evaluated the influences of HHCB and AHTN on seven steroid hormones (progesterone, aldosterone, cortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, androstenedione, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone) and 10 genes involved in steroidogenic pathways (HMGR, StAR, CYP11A1, 3βHSD2, CYP17, CYP21, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, 17βHSD, and CYP19) using the H295R cell line in the absence and presence of 8-Br-cAMP. MC2R transcription on the cell membrane was also examined to further investigate the effects of HHCB and AHTN on adrenal steroidogenesis. The results demonstrated that HHCB and AHTN could inhibit progesterone and cortisol production mainly by the suppression of 3βHSD2 and CYP21. Meanwhile, high concentrations of AHTN can affect the sensitivity of H295R cells to ACTH by disrupting MC2R transcription. Overall, the results indicate that high concentrations of HHCB and AHTN can affect steroidogenesis in vitro using the H295R cell line.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of graphene as an advantageous adsorbent for solid-phase extraction with chlorophenols as model analytes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1218:2, s. 197-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene, a novel class of carbon nanostructures, possesses an ultrahigh specific surface area, and thus has great potentials for the use as sorbent materials. We herein demonstrate the use of graphene as a novel adsorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE). Eight chlorophenols (CPs) as model analytes were extracted on a graphene-packed SPE cartridge, and then eluted with alkaline methanol. The concentrations in the eluate were determined by HPLC with multi-wavelength UV detection. Under the optimized conditions, high sensitivity (detection limits 0.1-0.4 ng/mL) and good reproducibility of CPs (RSDs 2.2-7.7% for run-to-run assays) were achieved. Comparative studies showed that graphene was superior to other adsorbents including C18 silica, graphitic carbon, single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the extraction of CPs. Some other advantages of graphene as SPE adsorbent, such as good compatibility with various organic solvents, good reusability and no impact of sorbent drying, have also been demonstrated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of tap and river water samples with recoveries ranging from 77.2 to 116.6%. This work not only proposes a useful method for environmental water sample pretreatment, but also reveals great potentials of graphene as an excellent sorbent material in analytical processes.
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| 3. |
- Shi, Yali, et al.
(författare)
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Human Exposure and Elimination Kinetics of Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acids (Cl-PFESAs)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 50:5, s. 2396-2404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incomplete mass-balance of organic fluorine in human serum indicates the existence of unknown per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with persistent and bioaccumulative properties. Here we characterized human exposure and elimination kinetics of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) in metal plating workers (n = 19), high fish consumers (n = 45), and background controls (n = 8). Cl-PFESAs were detected in >98% of the sampled individuals with serum concentrations ranging <0.019-5040 ng/mL. Statistically higher median serum levels were observed in high fish consumers (93.7 ng/mL) and metal plating workers (51.5 ng/mL) compared to the background control group (4.78 ng/mL) (Kruskal Wallis rank sum test, p < 0.01). Cl-PFESAs could account for 0.269 to 93.3% of Sigma PFASs in human serum indicating that this compound class may explain a substantial fraction of previously unidentified organic fluorine in the Chinese population. Estimated half-lives for renal clearance (median 280 years; range 7.1-4230 years) and total elimination (median 15.3 years; range 10.1-56.4 years) for the eight carbon Cl-PFESA suggest that this is the most biopersistent PFAS in humans reported to date. The apparent ubiquitous distribution and slow elimination kinetics in humans underscore the need for more research and regulatory actions on Cl-PFESAs and PFAS alternatives with similar chemical structures.
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| 4. |
- Shi, Yali, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Differential Tissue Distribution and Bioaccumulation Behavior of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain-Lengths, Isomeric Structures and Functional Groups in Crucian Carp
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 52:8, s. 4592-4600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the bioaccumulation mechanisms of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) across different chain-lengths, isomers and functional groups represents a monumental scientific challenge with implications for chemical regulation. Here, we investigate how the differential tissue distribution and bioaccumulation behavior of 25 PFASs in crucian carp from two field sites impacted by point sources can provide information about the processes governing uptake, distribution and elimination of PFASs. Median tissue/blood ratios (TBRs) were consistently <1 for all PFASs and tissues except bile which displayed a distinct distribution pattern and enrichment of several perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. Transformation of concentration data into relative body burdens (RBBs) demonstrated that blood, gonads, and muscle together accounted for >90% of the amount of PFASs in the organism. Principal component analyses of TBRs and RBBs showed that the functional group was a relatively more important predictor of internal distribution than chain length for PFASs. Whole body bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for short-chain PFASs deviated from the positive relationship with hydrophobicity observed for longer-chain homologues. Overall, our results suggest that TBR, RBB, and BAF patterns were most consistent with protein binding mechanisms although partitioning to phospholipids may contribute to the accumulation of long-chain PFASs in specific tissues.
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| 5. |
- Shi, Yali, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue Distribution and Whole Body Burden of the Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acid F-53B in Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius) : Evidence for a Highly Bioaccumulative Contaminant of Emerging Concern
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49:24, s. 14156-14165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the global actions to phase out perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) a large number of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, with poorly defined hazard properties, are being used in increasing quantities. Here, we report on the first detection of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid F-53B in biological samples and determine the tissue distribution and whole body bioaccumulation factors (BAF(whole body)) in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Analysis of fish samples from Xiaoqing River (XR) and Tangxun Lake (TL) demonstrated a similar level of F-53B contamination with median concentrations in blood of 41.9 and 20.9 ng/g, respectively. Tissue/blood ratios showed that distribution of F-53B primarily occurs to the kidney (TL: 0.48, XR: 0.54), gonad (TL: 0.36, XR: 0.54), liver (TL: 0.38, XR: 0.53), and heart (TL: 0.47, XR: 0.47). Median Log BAF(whole body) values for F-53B (XR: 4.124, TL: 4.322) exceeded regulatory bio accumulation criterion and were significantly higher than those of PFOS in the same data sets (XR: 3.430, TL: 3.279). On the basis of its apparent omnipresence and strong bioaccumulation propensity, it is hypothesized that F-53B could explain a significant fraction of previously unidentified organofluorine in biological samples from China, and regulatory actions for this compound are encouraged.
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| 6. |
- Song, Xiaowei, et al.
(författare)
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A Matrix Correction Approach to Estimate the Bioaccumulation Potential of Emerging PFASs
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent studies employing high-resolution mass spectrometry have discovered numerous emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment, but the lack of authentic standards for these contaminants hampers quantitative evaluation of hazard properties. Here we tested a matrix correction methodology for determining the bioaccumulation potential of emerging PFASs based on peak area in crucian carp from Xiaoqing river, China. Fortification experiments of emerging PFASs extracted from surface water and sediment samples demonstrated that the quantification bias in fish tissues was <34% for analytes detected in fish and water. Tissue distribution ratios (TBRs) and whole-body bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were subsequently calculated by correcting for analyte- and tissue-specific matrix effects. A model evaluation set including 7 reference PFASs demonstrated that peak area-based TBRs and BAFs were strongly correlated with those calculated from quantified concentrations (p<0.05, Adjusted r2>0.91, slope: 0.99-1.34). Among the detected substances, the trimer acid of hexafluoropropylene oxide and C9 monoether per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid (PFECA) were identified as bioaccumulative substances. C8 PFECA and C8 mono chlorine-substituted perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid displayed similar BAFs value compared to perfluorooctanoic acid. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a rapid hazard screening tool which could be used to assess emerging contaminants without access to authentic standards.
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| 7. |
- Song, Xiaowei, et al.
(författare)
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A Matrix Correction Approach to Estimate the Bioaccumulation Potential of Emerging PFASs
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent studies employing high-resolution mass spectrometry have discovered numerous emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment, but the lack of authentic standards for these contaminants hampers quantitative evaluation of hazard properties. Here we tested a matrix correction methodology for determining the bioaccumulation potential of emerging PFASs based on peak area in crucian carp from Xiaoqing river, China. Fortification experiments of emerging PFASs extracted from surface water and sediment samples demonstrated that the quantification bias in fish tissues was <34% for analytes detected in fish and water. Tissue distribution ratios (TBRs) and whole-body bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were subsequently calculated by correcting for analyte- and tissue-specific matrix effects. A model evaluation set including 7 reference PFASs demonstrated that peak area-based TBRs and BAFs were strongly correlated with those calculated from quantified concentrations (p<0.05, Adjusted r2>0.91, slope: 0.99-1.34). Among the detected substances, the trimer acid of hexafluoropropylene oxide and C9 monoether per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid (PFECA) were identified as bioaccumulative substances. C8 PFECA and C8 mono chlorine-substituted perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid displayed similar BAFs value compared to perfluorooctanoic acid. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a rapid hazard screening tool which could be used to assess emerging contaminants without access to authentic standards.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Wang, Yawei, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorochemicals in the ambient environment around a manufacturing facility in China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 44:21, s. 8062-8067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) can be released to the surrounding environment during manufacturing and usage of PFC containing products, which are considered as main direct sources of PFCs in the environment. This study evaluates the release of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other PFCs to the ambient environment around a manufacturing plant. Among the nine PFCs analyzed, only PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were found in dust, water, soil, and chicken eggs. Very high concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were found in dust from the production storage, raw material stock room, and sulfonation workshop in the manufacturing facility, with the highest value at 4962 μg/g (dry weight) for PFOS and 160 μg/g for PFOA. A decreasing trend of the three PFCs concentrations in soils, water, and chicken eggs with increasing distance from the plant was found, indicating the production site to be the primary source of PFCs in this region. Risk quotients (RQs) assessment for surface water >500 m away from the plant were less than unity. Risk assessment of PFOS using predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC, 3.23 ng/g on a logarithmic scale) indicated no immediate ecological risk of a reduction in offspring survival. PFOS concentrations in most egg samples did not exceed the benchmark concentration derived in setting a reference dose for noncancer health effects (0.025 μg/(kgxd)).
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| 10. |
- Wang, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification, Tissue Distribution, and Bioaccumulation Potential of Cyclic Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Isomers in an Airport Impacted Ecosystem
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 50:20, s. 10923-10932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of cyclic perfluoroalkyl acids as anticorrosive agents in hydraulic fluids remains a poorly characterized source of organofluorine compounds to the environment. Here, we investigated the presence of perfluoroethylenecyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS) isomers in environmental samples for the first time using a combination of high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry. Five distinct peaks attributed to different isomers of PFECHS and perfluoropropylcyclopentanesulfonate (PFPCPeS) were identified in environmental samples. The sum of PFECHS and PFPCPeS isomers displayed logarithmically decreasing spatial trends in water (1.04-324 ng/L) and sediment samples (
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