| 1. |
- Löscher, Ida, 1988-
(författare)
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Aiming at Moving Targets : Applying Cognitive Work Analysis to Work Domains in Transition
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The design of IT systems for complex work environments is essential for workers to be able to operate more effectively and efficiently. To design a system that supports the workers' specific tasks we need to understand the work demands and the context in which the system operates. However, this is a difficult task because of the dynamic nature of complex systems. The thesis investigates how the cognitive work analysis (CWA) framework (Vicente, 1999) can be applied to understand a domain under transformation by (1) developing methods to manage challenges associated with applying CWA to real-world complex systems and (2) investigating how models from the CWA framework can be used to contend with the moving target for development. The studies are carried out within two quite different application domains: long-haul driving and health care. An activity prioritization method was suggested as a useful technique to focus the analyzing efforts during the analysis of tasks and strategies. However, adaption to practical constraints has to be done thoughtfully in order not to lose the value of the analysis. Moreover, workshops were proposed as a means to bridge the gap between the analysis and design by finding design metaphors and possible future work strategies from the domain knowledge of the drivers. Third, a study was done using the abstraction hierarchy (AH) to learn about digitization in health care, which is an example of ongoing change in a work domain. The AH was also adapted to model health IT systems as a means to provide an overview and consistent vision of strategic decisions. Using the AH as an overview of sub-systems that were developed by different organizations or organizational units would make it possible to identify collaboration needs or a lack of connectivity and integration between systems. The AH can therefore be applied to support the development of an IT system that is to be part of a transforming work domain.
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| 2. |
- Premanandan, Shweta
(författare)
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Care for Caregivers : Designing IT Applications for Informal Caregivers
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The role of informal caregivers, who provide essential care and support to their ill or in-need relatives and friends, is crucial but frequently undervalued in the healthcare landscape. Navigating the complexities of caregiving, these individuals encounter numerous challenges that demand a considerable amount of their resources and energy, often without adequate support. Despite these difficulties, caregiving can also be a source of fulfillment and empowerment to some. IT applications can be seen as valuable support tools in the caregiving process. This thesis draws on six studies, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus groups with informal caregivers, alongside discussions with healthcare professionals, to explore the intricacies of informal caregiving. It also includes a heuristic evaluation of an IT application by UI/UX experts. Through thematic analysis, the research delves into the diverse needs of native Swedish caregivers, immigrant caregivers, and caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer. It proposes design solutions tailored to these specific groups, employing persuasive and positive design principles to develop an eCoaching application and a web-based health application named ‘Carer eSupport’, respectively. These applications are designed to address the identified needs, offering support and facilitating the caregiving process.This thesis contributes to the field of Information Systems (IS) by advancing existing theories and creating adapted frameworks specifically for informal caregiving. It provides a comparative analysis of Persuasive Design (PSD) and Positive Design, detailing their strengths and weaknesses in developing IT applications for caregivers. The research examines the design processes, outcomes, and contextual suitability of each approach, focusing on behavioral psychology in PSD and emotional wellbeing in Positive Design. Practical insights and guidelines for integrating both approaches are offered, ensuring that IT solutions are effective and empathetic. The thesis also adapts and extends these frameworks to better meet the needs of informal caregivers, providing a basis for future research to validate these adaptations. Additionally, it includes the design and evaluation of IT applications like an eCoaching platform and a web-based health application, along with providing systematic design recommendations through a comprehensive literature review.By focusing on the needs of native Swedish, immigrant, and head and neck cancer caregivers, this research underscores the challenges caregivers face and proposes solutions to manage the caregiving journey while maintaining their well-being. Overall, it emphasizes the necessity of crafting IT applications with empathy and inclusivity, truly embodying the spirit of ‘Care for caregivers.’
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| 3. |
- Bärkås, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Errors, Omissions, and Offenses in the Health Record of Mental Health Care Patients : Results from a Nationwide Survey in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous research reports that patients with mental health conditions experience benefits, for example, increased empowerment and validation, from reading their patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs). In mental health care (MHC), PAEHRs remain controversial, as health care professionals are concerned that patients may feel worried or offended by the content of the notes. Moreover, existing research has focused on specific mental health diagnoses, excluding the larger PAEHR userbase with experience in MHC. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to establish if and how the experiences of patients with and those without MHC differ in using their PAEHRs by (1) comparing patient characteristics and differences in using the national patient portal between the 2 groups and (2) establishing group differences in the prevalence of negative experiences, for example, rates of errors, omissions, and offenses between the 2 groups. METHODS: Our analysis was performed on data from an online patient survey distributed through the Swedish national patient portal as part of our international research project, NORDeHEALTH. The respondents were patient users of the national patient portal 1177, aged 15 years or older, and categorized either as those with MHC experience or with any other health care experience (nonmental health care [non-MHC]). Patient characteristics such as gender, age, education, employment, and health status were gathered. Portal use characteristics included frequency of access, encouragement to read the record, and instances of positive and negative experiences. Negative experiences were further explored through rates of error, omission, and offense. The data were summarized through descriptive statistics. Group differences were analyzed through Pearson chi-square. RESULTS: Of the total sample (N=12,334), MHC respondents (n=3131) experienced errors (1586/3131, 50.65%, and non-MHC 3311/9203, 35.98%), omissions (1089/3131, 34.78%, and non-MHC 2427/9203, 26.37%) and offenses (1183/3131, 37.78%, and non-MHC 1616/9203, 17.56%) in the electronic health record at a higher rate than non-MHC respondents (n=9203). Respondents reported that the identified error (MHC 795/3131, 50.13%, and non-MHC 1366/9203, 41.26%) and omission (MHC 622/3131, 57.12%, and non-MHC 1329/9203, 54.76%) were "very important," but most did nothing to correct them (MHC 792/3131, 41.29%, and non-MHC 1838/9203, 42.17%). Most of the respondents identified as women in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: About 1 in 2 MHC patients identified an error in the record, and about 1 in 3 identified an omission, both at a much higher rate than in the non-MHC group. Patients with MHC also felt offended by the content of the notes more commonly (1 in 3 vs 1 in 6). These findings validate some of the worries expressed by health care professionals about providing patients with MHC with PAEHRs and highlight challenges with the documentation quality in the records.
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| 4. |
- Bärkås, Annika
(författare)
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Patients’ Access to Their Mental Health Records : Understanding Policy, Access, and Patient Experiences
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ORA is the concept of patients' access to clinical information, which has become more widespread worldwide. When patients are provided online record access (ORA) to their health records, concerns have been raised by healthcare professionals, especially when it comes to patients with mental health diagnoses. In the general population, positive aspects appear to outweigh the negative, yet limited research has so far explored the impact of ORA in mental healthcare. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore how patients experience ORA in mental healthcare through four studies: 1) a literature review aimed to explore the current literature on the experiences of ORA among mental healthcare patients, care partners, and healthcare professionals, 2) a document analysis combined with key stakeholder email interviews that aimed to explore to what extent ORA in mental healthcare has been implemented in Sweden including national and local policy regulations, 3) an online patient survey study aimed to understand mental healthcare patients' experiences with ORA in Sweden, Estonia, Finland, and Norway, and 4) an online patient survey study aimed to understand if and how patients with mental health conditions experiences of ORA differs from patients in other healthcare settings. More patients reported positive experiences with ORA in mental healthcare than negative experiences. Common benefits of ORA included, among others, a greater sense of control over their care, improved understanding of their mental health diagnosis, and better adherence to appointments. Despite patients' predominant positive experiences, only 17 out of 21 regions in Sweden offered ORA in mental healthcare in 2021. Additionally, many patients experienced errors and omissions and felt offended by the content of their health records. Mental healthcare patients experienced this at a higher rate than patients in other healthcare settings.In conclusion, mental healthcare patients have higher rates of negative experiences of ORA compared to patients in other healthcare settings. However, patients' experiences of ORA are still predominantly positive among both patient groups. Yet, in 2021, only 17 regions offered patients ORA in mental healthcare. Denying mental healthcare patients ORA to protect them from negative experiences could instead increase stigma in this patient group.
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| 5. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of patient accessible electronic health records on nurses' work environment : a survey study on expectations in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The introduction of information and communication technology influences the work environment of large groups of employees in healthcare. In Sweden, a national healthcare service providing patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHR) has been deployed, and this paper investigates nurses' expected effects of this implementation.SETTING: Nurses associated with the Swedish Association of Health Professionals working in healthcare such as primary care, hospitals and midwives in Sweden. Before a full-scale national implementation of PAEHR, a web survey study was distributed nationally. The respondents represented all 21 Swedish regions. Questions included five-point Likert scale questions and open questions.PARTICIPANTS: A survey link was distributed via email to 8460 registered nurses, midwives and union representatives in Sweden. The response rate was 35.4% (2867 respondents: registered nurses 84%; midwives 6%; chief position 5%; in projects 2% and other 3%). Three reminders were sent out, all of them increasing the response rate. A majority of the respondents were female (89.9%), 8.4% male, whereas 1.7% did not indicate their gender. 31.4% were under 40 years old, 53.8% 40-59 and 13.7% over 60.RESULTS: Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis as the extraction method. The analysis revealed three distinct factors related to nurses' expectations of PAEHR: (1) PAEHR improves the quality of care, (2) PAEHR improves the quality of the work environment and (3) risk and fears concerning patients' well-being. Some interesting results include that more experienced nurses are more favourable to PAEHR. Our analysis also shows that the view of the nurse-patient relationship is an essential underlying factor related to positive or negative expectations.CONCLUSIONS: Results show that the expectations and perceptions of PAEHR vary depending on the nurse's view of who the electronic record belongs to. Younger nurses are somewhat more negative towards PAEHR than older nurses.
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| 6. |
- Cajander, Åsa, 1971-
(författare)
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Usability – Who Cares? : The Introduction of User-Centred Systems Design in Organisations
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses the difficulties encountered in the promotion of usability, especially in relation to occupation health issues, when developing IT systems in a public authority. It examines what happens when User-Centred Systems Design (UCSD) approaches are introduced to organisations with in-house systems development for their employees. It studies how stakeholder values affect the outcomes in terms of usability, occupational health, and institutional acceptance. Moreover, new methods are examined and evaluated as potential tools for assisting the adoption of UCSD. These methods are for example Field studies for system developers, Usability coaching for stakeholders and Management views of usability.A stated aim is to influence systems development in practice. Hence an action research paradigm has been employed, carrying out research and change in real life settings, gathering and analysing data using qualitative techniques.This thesis is based on a constructivist perspective, where theories in the areas of learning and organisational change have been used in order to better understand the research questions.The research demonstrates that most people are enthusiastic to, and interested in, UCSD with a focus on the computerised work environment. Many of the stakeholder groups, such as managers, users, project managers and system developers, changed their construct of identity as well as practice when UCSD was introduced.However, this research shows that there are several values that affect systems development and hinder usability work. These include for example value of rationality and objectivity, and differing values and perspectives underpinning descriptions and discourse on work and systems development. Values such as automation, efficiency, and customer satisfaction shape the development of new technology, and ultimately the tasks, work practices integrated in IT systems.Moreover, the results demonstrate that even though many consider usability as important, few take active responsibility for it, as the title of this thesis suggests.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Frezza, S., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling global competencies for computing education
- 2018
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Ingår i: ITiCSE 2018 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450357074 ; , s. 348-349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This working group contributes to formulating a framework for modeling competencies in the current and future disciplines that comprise computing education. We draw upon the innovative approach taken in the curricular document for information technology (IT2017), curricular competency frameworks, other related documents such as the software engineering competency model (SWECOM), the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), current research in competency models, and elicitation workshop results from other computing conferences. The outcomes contribute to the Computing Curricula 2020 (CC2020) project, and include the formulation and review of sets of disciplinary-relevant competencies for use in computing education. This work directly informs the CC2020 project sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the IEEE Computer Society.
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| 9. |
- Frezza, S., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling competencies for computing education beyond 2020 : A research based approach to defining competencies in the computing disciplines
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450362238 ; , s. 148-174, s. 148-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How might the content and outcomes of tertiary education programmes be described and analysed in order to understand how they are structured and function? To address this question we develop a framework for modelling graduate competencies linked to tertiary degree programmes in the computing disciplines. While the focus of our work is computing the framework is applicable to education more broadly. The work presented here draws upon the pioneering curricular document for information technology (IT2017), curricular competency frameworks, other related documents such as the software engineering competency model (SWECOM), the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA), current research in competency models, and elicitation workshop results from recent computing conferences. The aim is to inform the ongoing Computing Curricula (CC2020) project, an endeavour supported by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the IEEE Computer Society. We develop the Competency Learning Framework (CoLeaF), providing an internationally relevant tool for describing competencies. We argue that this competency based approach is well suited for constructing learning environments and assists degree programme architects in dealing with the challenge of developing, describing and including competencies relevant to computer and IT professionals. In this paper we demonstrate how the CoLeaF competency framework can be applied in practice, and though a series of case studies demonstrate its effectiveness and analytical power as a tool for describing and comparing degree programmes in the international higher education landscape.
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| 10. |
- Grande, Virginia, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Making Visible and Modeling the Underrepresented : Teachers' Reflections on Their Role Modeling in Higher Education
- 2022
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Ingår i: ITiCSE '22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. ; , s. 566-567
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work contributes to a better understanding of computing teachers' perceptions of themselves as role models. Role models are described as important to address under-representation, yet there is little in-depth research on how role modeling works and what university teachers in computing can model to broaden participation in the discipline. We will analyze teachers' reflections on how they may, or want to, be perceived by their students, particularly in terms of professional competencies, emotions and attitudes towards well-being. We will use and further develop an already existing framework on role modeling in computing, and we will relate our findings to existing research on computing and science identities. Modeling aspects outside the computing norm can help provide students with a wider notion of what it means to be a computer scientist. Besides developing the theoretical understanding of computing teachers as role models , our work can support various ways of developing computing teachers' competences and departments' teaching culture. The results are one way to contribute to student diversity and equitable access, and more broadly increase the relevance of computing education for sustainability.
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