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- Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 122:1-3, s. 82-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor alpha was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
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| 3. |
- Båve, Ullvi, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of the type I interferon system in primary Sjögren's syndrome : a possible etiopathogenic mechanism
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 52:4, s. 1185-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The etiopathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is largely unknown. In other autoimmune diseases, type I interferon (IFN) may play a pivotal role by triggering and sustaining the disease process. We therefore aimed to determine whether patients with primary SS had an activated type I IFN system. Methods Salivary gland biopsy specimens and sera from patients with primary SS were investigated for the occurrence of IFNα-producing cells and measurable IFNα levels, respectively. The ability of primary SS sera together with apoptotic or necrotic cells to induce IFNα production in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined. The IFNα inducer was characterized, and IFNα-producing cells were identified. Clinical data were correlated with the IFNα-inducing capacity of primary SS sera. Results Numerous IFNα-producing cells were detected in salivary gland biopsy specimens, despite low serum IFNα levels. Autoantibodies to RNA-binding proteins, combined with material released by necrotic or late apoptotic cells, were potent inducers of IFNα production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). This appeared to be attributable to RNA-containing immune complexes triggering PDCs by means of RNA and interaction with Fcγ receptor IIa. The IFNα-inducing capacity of sera was associated with positive results of a labial salivary gland biopsy (focus score ≥1) and with dermatologic, hematologic, and pulmonary manifestations. Conclusion Patients with primary SS have an activated type I IFN system. Although virus may initiate the production of IFN, the continued IFNα synthesis is caused by RNA-containing immune complexes that activate PDCs to prolong IFNα production at the tissue level. This IFNα promotes the autoimmune process by a vicious circle–like mechanism, with increased autoantibody production and formation of more endogenous IFNα inducers.
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| 6. |
- Dahmoun, Marju, 1954-
(författare)
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Apoptosis, proliferation, and sex steroid receptors in endometrium and endometrial carcinoma
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the involvement of apoptosis and proliferation in the mechanisms of menstruation and hormonal replacement therapy, HRT, as well as in the mechanisms of progesterone therapy in endometrial carcinoma. The aim of the first study was to investigate endometrium for 4 days before and for 2 days during menstruation. In the epithelium, rapid increase in the apoptotic index, decreasing expression of estrogen receptor α (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and minimal proliferation were observed prior to menstruation. In the stroma, an increase in the expression of ER and PR and proliferation was seen before the final decrease, and increased apoptosis was seen during menstruation. Thus, apoptosis is involved in the remodeling of the endometrium during menstruation. Postmenopausal endometrium showed unaffected homeostasis, i.e. unchanged ratio between apoptotic index and Ki-67 index during substitution therapy. ER expression was decreased both in the epithelium and stroma, while PR showed some increase in receptor expression. The unchanged homeostasis contributes to endometrial safety during combined continuous HRT. Unchanged apoptosis and increasing proliferation were observed with increasing tumor grade in 29 patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, which may contribute to greater aggression as tumor grade increases. Decreased proliferation was observed after medroxy-progesterone at 20 mg per day particularly in the foci of maximal proliferation in G1 and G2 tumors. The expression of ER was unchanged, while PR was decreased in the foci of maximal expression for PR in G1 and G2 tumors. Since high proliferation and PR expression also coexisted in the same foci, evaluated in G1 and G2 tumors, the effect of progesterone could be facilitated in these tumor groups. High expression of sex steroid receptors was also a predicting factor for good response to progesterone (= decrease in proliferation), while the amount of stroma could not predict that effect.
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| 9. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Key principles for user centred systems design
- 2003
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Ingår i: Behaviour and Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 22:6, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of user-centred systems design (UCSD) has no agreed upon definition. Consequently, there is a great variety in the ways it is applied, which may lead to poor quality and poor usability in the resulting systems, as well as misconceptions about the effectiveness of UCSD.The purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of UCSD. We have identified 12 key principles for the adoption of a user-centred development process, principles that are based on existing theory, as well as research in and experiences from a large number of software development projects. The initial set of principles were applied and evaluated in a case study and modified accordingly.These principles can be used to communicate the nature of UCSD, evaluate a development process or develop systems development processes that support a user-centred approach. We also suggest activity lists and some tools for applying UCSD.
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