| 1. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Anticipation of COVID-19 Vaccines Reduces Social Distancing
- 2020
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that the anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines reduces voluntary social distancing. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment with a representative sample, we study whether providing information about the safety, effectiveness, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines affects compliance with public health guidelines. We find that vaccine information reduces peoples' voluntary social distancing, adherence to hygiene guidelines, and their willingness to stay at home. Vaccine information induces people to believe in a swifter return to normal life and puts their vigilance at ease. The results indicate an important behavioral drawback of the successful vaccine development: An increased focus on vaccines can lead to bad health behaviors and accelerate the spread of the virus. The results imply that, as vaccinations start and the end of the pandemic feels closer, existing policies aimed at increasing social distancing will be less effective and stricter policies might be required.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines reduces social distancing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296. ; 80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how the anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines affects voluntary social distancing. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment with a representative sample, we study whether providing information about the safety, effectiveness, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines affects the willingness to comply with public health guidelines. We find that vaccine information reduces peoples’ voluntary social distancing, adherence to hygiene guidelines, and their willingness to stay at home. Getting positive information on COVID-19 vaccines induces people to believe in a swifter return to normal life. The results indicate an important behavioral drawback of successful vaccine development: An increased focus on vaccines can lower compliance with public health guidelines and accelerate the spread of infectious disease. The results imply that, as vaccinations roll out and the end of a pandemic feels closer, policies aimed at increasing social distancing will be less effective, and stricter policies might be required.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines reduces willingness to socially distance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how the anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines affects voluntary social distancing. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment with a representative sample, we study whether providing information about the safety, effectiveness, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines affects the willingness to comply with public health guidelines. We find that vaccine information reduces peoples’ voluntary social distancing, adherence to hygiene guidelines, and their willingness to stay at home. Getting positive information on COVID-19 vaccines induces people to believe in a swifter return to normal life. The results indicate an important behavioral drawback of successful vaccine development: An increased focus on vaccines can lower compliance with public health guidelines and accelerate the spread of infectious disease. The results imply that, as vaccinations roll out and the end of a pandemic feels closer, policies aimed at increasing social distancing will be less effective, and stricter policies might be required.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Attityder och beteenden under covid-19-pandemin
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 49:6, s. 5-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige valde en annan väg under pandemin. Men vad tyckte egentligen svenskarna om strategin och hur utvecklades synen på strategin över tiden? Vad kännetecknar de som fann de svenska åtgärderna tillräckliga och de som ansåg dem otillräckliga? Vi presentar en kartläggning av attityder, oro och beteenden och hur de relaterar till sociodemografiska variabler, preferenser och politiska attityder. Den svenska pandemihanteringen har starkare stöd bland de med hög tillit, de som står till vänster politiskt, samt de med hög tolerans för hälsorisker. Följsamheten till restriktioner varierar med risktolerans och tillit, men också med individens grad av tålmodighet och altruism.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 124:2, s. 340-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we perform a choice experiment assessing the impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare. We estimate the willingness to accept compensation (WTA) for restricting non-working hours in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WTA for a one-month stay-at-home policy is about US$480 per person, or 9.1 percent of Sweden's monthly per capita GDP. Stricter lockdowns require disproportionately higher compensation than more lenient ones, indicating that strict policies are cost-effective only if they are much more successful in slowing the spread of the disease. Moreover, older people have a higher WTA of staying home than the rest of the population.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
THE INDIVIDUAL WELFARE COSTS OF STAY-AT-HOME POLICIES
- 2020
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports the results of a choice experiment designed to estimate the private welfare costs of stay-at-home policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is conducted on a large and representative sample of the Swedish population. The results suggest that the welfare cost of a one-month stay-at-home policy, restricting non-working hours away from home, amounts to 9.1 percent of qSweden's monthly GDP. The cost can be interpreted as 29,600 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which roughly corresponds to between 3,700 and 8,000 COVID-19 fatalities. Moreover, we find that stricter and longer lockdowns are disproportionately more costly than more lenient ones. This result indicates that strict stay-at-home policies are likely to be cost-effective only if they slow the spread of the disease much more than more lenient ones.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Brütt, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
|
|
| 9. |
- Campos-Mercade, Pol
(författare)
-
Incentives in Education and Moral Behavior in Groups
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis uses field experiments, lab experiments, and theory to study questions that are relevant to the fields of education and behavioral economics.The first paper, Threshold Incentives and Academic Performance, begins with the observation that students often face incentives to reach performance thresholds. To study how these incentives affect their performance, Erik Wengström and I conduct a field experiment in which we incentivize students with €300 to reach a certain GPA. We find that, when the incentives are in place, only students just below the threshold improve their performance. However, when we remove the incentives, incentivized students enroll in fewer courses and pass fewer courses. The reason is that treated students who fail to reach the threshold lose confidence in their academic ability. Our results suggest that the current threshold incentives that are in place in education might reduce the performance of students who fail to reach them.The second paper, Helping Behavior and Group Size, studies people's helping behavior when they are in groups with others. A large literature in psychology shows that people are less likely to help others when they are in a group than when they are alone, a phenomenon called the Bystander Effect. This paper studies whether people are less likely to help in groups because they hope that others help instead. In an experiment where a person in need loses money over time until one bystander pays a cost to help her, I find evidence supporting this hypothesis.The third paper, The Group Bystander Effect, investigates whether groups of one person or several people are more likely to implement a morally desirable outcome (such as, for example, helping a person in need). I formulate and test a model in which a moral outcome is implemented as long as at least one agent takes a costly action. I show that 1) if most people are moral, the moral outcome is more likely to be implemented by one person alone, whereas 2) if most people are immoral, the moral outcome is more likely to be implemented by a group. I discuss that this simple rule may be applied to better design organizations and institutions.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
