| 1. |
- Benedetti, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco and dental caries: A systematic review.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 71:3-4, s. 363-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Despite the abundance of evidence linking tobacco consumption to many oral conditions, no systematic review of the relationship with dental caries is available. The main aim of this systematic review was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on dental caries in adult smokers. Materials and methods. According to the PRISMA checklist, observational studies published from January 1991 to June 2011 were reviewed. The quality of evidence for each finding was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results. Five studies, four related to dental caries and one on oral bacteria activity, were finally included in a qualitative analysis; they were all cross-sectional studies. As a result, the overall quality of evidence was poor, with two articles given a score of very low and three a score of low according to GRADE. Conclusions. Tobacco smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. However, the overall poor quality of studies produced no validation for such an association. Further, more extensive research on this topic and prospective studies are needed.
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| 2. |
- Cagetti, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review on fluoridated food in caries prevention.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 71:3-4, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of fluoridated food, excluding water. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the presence of scientific evidence relating to the effects of fluoride intake via food on the occurrence of carious lesions. The outcome was defined as a clinical outcome, so only papers evaluating a decrease in caries indices were included. Materials and methods. Relevant databases (Medline®, Embase®, The Cochrane Library) were searched. The date range was set from 01.01.1966 to 03.31.2011. One hundred and thirty-nine reports were identified and assessed. Only three papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were discussed in detail. Results. No paper related to the use of fluoridated salt in caries prevention fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The use of milk as a vehicle for providing additional fluoride in a dental public health programme was evaluated in two papers. The consumption of fluoridated milk was an effective measure to prevent caries in the primary teeth. The use of fluoridated sugar demonstrated a reduction in caries increment in the permanent dentition in one paper. Conclusions. Literature on the effectiveness of fluoridation in foods in caries prevention is scant and almost all the studies have been conducted in children. There is low evidence that the use of milk fluoridation is effective in reducing the caries increment.
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| 3. |
- Cagetti, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
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Association between interdental plaque acidogenicity and caries risk at surface level: a cross sectional study in primary dentition.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of paediatric dentistry. - 1365-263X. ; 21:2, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010 Background. In schoolchildren the most commonly decayed primary teeth are molars affecting proximal adjacent surfaces especially. Aim. To determine whether a more acidic plaque in response to sucrose challenge is detected in children with more carious lesions. Design. Plaque pH measurements, using the microtouch technique, were carried out in interproximal spaces between primary molars, in 157 high caries risk children (314 sites and caries status of the 628 proximal surfaces recorded). The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was analyzed. Results. The AUC(5.7) and the AUC(6.2) showed a statistically significant difference between plaque adjacent to proximal surfaces with or without caries. Differences for AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2) were recorded between one decayed surface compared to two decayed surfaces (P < 0.01) whereas a statistical significant difference was only observed for AUC(5.7), when the areas under the curve were obtained near one decayed surface compared to two sound surfaces (P = 0.04). Conclusions. The higher acidogenicity of the dental plaque found in presence of a proximal carious lesion in primary maxillary molars represents an additional risk factor for the adjacent surface. This finding may help clinicians in treatment decisions.
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| 4. |
- Campus, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Caries risk profiles in Sardinian schoolchildren using Cariogram.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 67:3, s. 146-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the caries risk profile in a group of Sardinian schoolchildren and to compare the outcome with their history of caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the computer-based program "Cariogram", 957 subjects aged 7, 8, and 9 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The children were examined to evaluate dmfs/DMFS and gingival conditions. Data on dietary and oral hygiene habits were collected and saliva was analyzed, including levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (Lb). Based on the Cariogram profiles, the children were divided into five risk groups in accordance with "chance of avoiding caries". RESULTS: Almost 50% of the children had a low caries risk, while more than a quarter had less than 40% "chance of avoiding caries". A significant linear trend between the five Cariogram categories and dmfs/DMFS was observed in the three age groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Cariogram risk profile showed strong correlations to the caries experience of Sardinian schoolchildren and that efforts to reduce caries risk are necessary.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Campus, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride content in breast milk after the use of fluoridated food supplement. A randomized clinical trial.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Dentistry. - 0894-8275. ; 27:4, s. 199-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate if the intake of a fluoridated food supplement in breastfeeding mothers increases the fluoride concentration in breast milk.A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was designed. Two groups of women were formed: a fluoride group (n = 112), using a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride (1,500 μg/l for each dose) and a control group (n = 116), using a non-sucrose food supplement without fluoride content. The women were followed for 6 weeks. Samples of breast milk were collected and analyzed using an ion-specific electrode.85 women in the fluoride group and 83 in the control group concluded the trial. Fluoride concentrations in the two groups were statistically significantly different (515 μg/l in the fluoride and 476 μg/l in the control group P= 0.04) at the end of the experimental period. In the fluoride group, a statistically significant increment in fluoride concentration during the experimental period was also observed (from 468 ± 104 μg/l to 515 ± 105 μg/l). The use of a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride resulted in a significant increment in fluoride concentration in breast milk.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Campus, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Six months of high-dose xylitol in high-risk caries subjects-a 2-year randomised, clinical trial.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 17:3, s. 785-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis was that the daily use of a high dose of a xylitol chewing gum for 6months would reduce the increment of decayed permanent first molar surfaces (ΔD(6)S) in high-risk schoolchildren after 2years. METHODS: In this randomised, clinical trial, 204 schoolchildren with a high caries risk were assigned to two experimental groups, xylitol and non-xylitol. Caries status, salivary mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli were re-evaluated 2years later in 74 xylitol-treated and 83 non-xylitol-treated schoolchildren. Differences in mean ∆D(6)S between groups registered at baseline and at follow-up were evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Outcome was the development of detectable carious lesions initial (D(1)-D(2)) and manifest (D(3)) in the permanent first molars. In the xylitol group, the difference in proportion of children with decayed first permanent molars at baseline and follow-up was 1.43% for manifest lesion and 2.86% for initial lesions; while in the non-xylitol group was 10.26% (p<0.01) and 16.66% (p<0.01), respectively. A statistically significant difference regarding means was also observed in the non-xylitol group: the ∆D(6)S for manifest lesion was 0.18 (p=0.03) and 0.67 (p=0.02) for initial lesion. CONCLUSION: The use of a chewing gum containing a high dose of xylitol for a period of 6months has been shown to produce a long-term effect on caries development in high caries-risk children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A school-based preventive programme based on 6months' administration of a high dose of xylitol via chewing gum proved to be efficacious in controlling caries increment in high-risk children.
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| 9. |
- Carta, Giovanna, et al.
(författare)
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Caries-risk profiles in Italian adults using computer caries assessment system and ICDAS.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brazilian oral research. - 1807-3107. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the correlation among socio-behavioral factors, caries status and caries risk, calculated through Cariogram, in an adult population. Four hundred eighty subjects (mean age 40.73, SE ± 0.33) randomly selected from the municipal electoral registry consented to participate in the survey. Subjects were examined, and the International Caries Detection Assessment System (ICDAS) index was registered. A highly structured questionnaire was submitted to investigate (1) personal data (i.e., age, gender, educational level, job categorization), (2) life-style behavior (i.e., smoking and dietary habits), and (3) oral health behavior (i.e., tooth brushing, use of fluoride and dental check-up frequency). An evaluation of the mutans streptococci concentration in saliva was also performed. Information on caries-related factors was entered into the Cariogram in order to generate an individual caries risk profile for each subject. Multinomial logistic regression was performed using Cariogram levels as the dependent variable. The possible correlated variables were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). Considering ICDAS scores, 5.62% of the sample had at least an initial decay (ICDAS = 1-2), whereas 40.83% of the sample presented at least one moderate decay (ICDAS = 3-4) and 17.08% a severe decay (ICDAS = 5-6). Decay at ICDAS levels 5-6 and more than 5 missing teeth were statistically associated with Cariogram scores (OR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.83-3.03 and OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.13-1.82, respectively). The results suggest that the Cariogram model was able to identify caries-related factors in an adult population. A direct association among the risk categories from Cariogram, the caries status and some socio-behavioral variables was verified.
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| 10. |
- Chapple, Iain L C, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - : Wiley. - 1600-051X .- 0303-6979. ; 44:Suppl 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common diseases of humans and the main cause of tooth loss. Both diseases can lead to nutritional compromise and negative impacts upon self-esteem and quality of life. As complex chronic diseases, they share common risk factors, such as a requirement for a pathogenic plaque biofilm, yet they exhibit distinct pathophysiologies. Multiple exposures contribute to their causal pathways, and susceptibility involves risk factors that are inherited (e.g. genetic variants), and those that are acquired (e.g. socio-economic factors, biofilm load or composition, smoking, carbohydrate intake). Identification of these factors is crucial in the prevention of both diseases as well as in their management.To systematically appraise the scientific literature to identify potential risk factors for caries and periodontal diseases.One systematic review (genetic risk factors), one narrative review (role of diet and nutrition) and reference documentation for modifiable acquired risk factors common to both disease groups, formed the basis of the report.There is moderately strong evidence for a genetic contribution to periodontal diseases and caries susceptibility, with an attributable risk estimated to be up to 50%. The genetics literature for periodontal disease is more substantial than for caries and genes associated with chronic periodontitis are the vitamin D receptor (VDR), Fc gamma receptor IIA (Fc-γRIIA) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) genes. For caries, genes involved in enamel formation (AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, TUFT, MMP20, and KLK4), salivary characteristics (AQP5), immune regulation and dietary preferences had the largest impact. No common genetic variants were found. Fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches) were the most relevant common dietary risk factor for both diseases, but associated mechanisms differed. In caries, the fermentation process leads to acid production and the generation of biofilm components such as Glucans. In periodontitis, glycaemia drives oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products may also trigger a hyper inflammatory state. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as for vitamin C, vitamin D or vitamin B12, may be related to the onset and progression of both diseases. Functional foods or probiotics could be helpful in caries prevention and periodontal disease management, although evidence is limited and biological mechanisms not fully elucidated. Hyposalivation, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking/tobacco use, undiagnosed or sub-optimally controlled diabetes and obesity are common acquired risk factors for both caries and periodontal diseases.
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