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- Cannon, Russell, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to better bicycle parking for promoting intermodal journeys : An inter-organisational collaboration perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - 1879-310X. ; 145, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organisational structures in the transport sector are often complex and fragmented, with different authorities responsible for different stages of a traveller’s journey. In such circumstances, collaboration across organisationalboundaries is required to facilitate intermodal journeys. This paper aims to provide empirically grounded insights into collaboration in transport planning, extending the literature to include cycling as an access and egress mode. This is done by examining the challenge of improving bicycle parking facilities at railway stations in Copenhagen, Denmark. Interviews with key actors involved in public transport and cycling planning reveal three main inter-organisational barriers to improving station bicycle parking in Copenhagen. First, station bicycle parking falls between the responsibilities of different organisations and levels of governance. Second, the absence of an established funding formula contributes to negotiation-oriented rather than collaborative interactions among the stakeholders. Third, the tension between cyclist satisfaction and rail passenger growth targets hinders collective action. In summary, despite Copenhagen’s strong cycling identity and the prioritisation of this transportation mode in the city’s political decision-making and transport planning, the issue of station bicycle parking highlights the complexity of multi-actor governance of intermodal journeys.
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| 3. |
- Cannon, Russell, et al.
(författare)
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The organisation of door-to-door journeys involving public transport : insights from four european city regions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 241-242
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This international study, part of the JPI Urban Europe project EASIER, aims to unravel the governance complexities of intermodality. Through a series of workshops, the study analyses the governance of door-to-door mobility by mapping organisational roles, responsibilities and relationships in the context of multimodal regional transport networks in four countries: Lund/Malmö (Sweden), Copenhagen (Denmark), Berlin (Germany) and Trøndelag (Norway). It highlights the challenges associated with organising intermodal journeys and provides examples of governance mechanisms in each country that support integration and inter-organisational collaboration. Data was collected through workshops with stakeholders representing organisations involved in public transport governance. The workshops aimed to map organisational roles and responsibilities, identify challenges and highlight examples of good practice. Each workshop was structured around an example of a local journey, designed to raise issues of coordination across modal, spatial and organisational boundaries.The results show that door-to-door mobility presents similar challenges across different national contexts. Many of these challenges stem from the recognition that while facilitating intermodal journeys requires comprehensive and integrated planning across modal and spatial boundaries, the governance of public transport is often constrained by fragmented, multi-level structures and regulatory barriers. In one workshop, the door-to-door journey was described as a puzzle; a puzzle that no one takes responsibility for solving. The findings of this study underline the importance of collaboration to create a cohesive and efficient transport network that enables users to make seamless, intermodal door-to-door journeys. The study highlights the value of establishing partnerships and national funding mechanisms with the explicit aim of supporting collaboration, aligning objectives and unifying regulations across complex and fragmented governance structures.
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- Mattila, Seppo, et al.
(författare)
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Abundances and Density Structure of the Inner Circumstellar Ring Around SN 1987A
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 717:2, s. 1140-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present optical spectroscopic data of the inner circumstellar ring around supernova (SN) 1987A from the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) between ~1400 and ~5000 days post-explosion. We also assembled the available optical and near-infrared line fluxes from the literature between ~300 and ~2000 days. These line light curves were fitted with a photoionization model to determine the density structure and the elemental abundances for the inner ring. We found densities ranging from 1 × 103 to 3 × 104 atoms cm-3 and a total mass of the ionized gas of ~5.8 × 10-2 M sun within the inner ring. Abundances inferred from the optical and near-infrared data were also complemented with estimates of Lundqvist & Fransson based on ultraviolet lines. This way we found an He/H ratio (by number of atoms) of 0.17 ± 0.06 which is roughly 30% lower than previously estimated and twice the solar and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) value. We found an N/O ratio of 1.5 ± 0.7, and the total (C+N+O)/(H+He) abundance about 1.6 times its LMC value or roughly 0.6 times the most recent solar value. An iron abundance of 0.20 ± 0.11 times solar was found which is within the range of the estimates for the LMC. We also present late time (~5000-7500 days) line light curves of [O III], [Ne III], [Ne IV], [Ar III], [Ar IV], and [Fe VII] from observations with the VLT. We compared these with model fluxes and found that an additional 102 atoms cm-3 component was required to explain the data of the highest ionization lines. Such low-density gas is expected in the H II-region interior to the inner ring which likely extends also to larger radii at higher latitudes (out of the ring plane). At epochs later than ~5000 days, our models underproduce the emission of most of these lines as expected due to the contribution from the interaction of the SN ejecta with the ring.
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