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- Gashi, S, et al.
(författare)
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Curvature and wrinkling of premixed flame kernels - comparisons of OHPLIF and DNS data
- 2005
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Ingår i: Symposium (International) on Combustion. - : Elsevier BV. - 0082-0784. ; 30, s. 809-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of curvature and wrinkling on the growth of turbulent premixed flame kernels have been investigated using both 2D OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and 3D direct numerical simulation (DNS). Comparisons of results between the two approaches show a high level of agreement, providing confidence in the simplified chemistry treatment employed in the DNS, and indicating that chemistry may have only a limited influence on the evolution of the freely propagating flame. This is in contrast to previous studies of the very early flame development where chemistry may be dominant. Statistics for curvature and wrinkling are presented in the form of probability density functions, and there is good agreement with previous findings. The limitations of 2D PLIF measurements of curvature are quantified by comparison with full 3D information obtained from the DNS. The usefulness of PLIF in providing data over a wide parameter range is illustrated using statistics obtained from both CH4/air and H-2/air mixtures, which show a markedly different behaviour due to their different thermo-diffusive properties. The results provide a demonstration of the combined power of PLIF and DNS for flame investigation. Each technique is shown to compensate for the weaknesses of the other and to reinforce the strengths of both.
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- Cant, David J. H., et al.
(författare)
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Cryo-XPS for surface characterization of nanomedicines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 127:39, s. 8220-8227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles used for medical applications commonly possess coatings or surface functionalities intended to provide specific behavior in vivo, for example, the use of PEG to provide stealth properties. Direct, quantitative measurement of the surface chemistry and composition of such systems in a hydrated environment has thus far not been demonstrated, yet such measurements are of great importance for the development of nanomedicine systems. Here we demonstrate the first use of cryo-XPS for the measurement of two PEG-functionalized nanomedicines: a polymeric drug delivery system and a lipid nanoparticle mRNA carrier. The observed differences between cryo-XPS and standard XPS measurements indicate the potential of cryo-XPS for providing quantitative measurements of such nanoparticle systems in hydrated conditions.
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- Deshmukh, K. P., et al.
(författare)
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Cleaning of simple cohesive soil layers in a radial flow cell
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food and Bioproducts Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-3085. ; 136, s. 84-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A radial flow cell (RFC, inlet tube radius 0.95 mm and gaps of 1–4.2 mm) was used to investigate the removal of two thin (80–230 µm thick) model soil layers from glass and 304 stainless steel substrates by the flow of water at 20 °C. Under the flow conditions employed (Reynolds numbers 200–1400), inertial effects give rise to recirculation zones and regions of high shear stress on the bottom, soiled plate. The soils were dried layers of (i) instant coffee and (ii) a domestic abrasive cleaning suspension comprising fine particulates in a soluble matrix. Cleaning data exhibited a constant local erosion rate which varied strongly with radial position. For both soils, cleaning involved the growth of a circular cleaned region and redeposition of particulate matter in a ring at locations close to the foot of the secondary recirculation zone predicted by 2D axisymmetric CFD simulations. Removal beyond this location was observed with the coffee layers, indicating that cleaning for this soil was controlled primarily by simple diffusion mechanisms. The effect of channel aspect ratio and flow rate on the location of recirculation zones and shear stress distributions was investigated. The local cleaning rate in these steady flows was not linked simply to local wall shear stress.
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- Gennery, A. R., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of CD40 ligand deficiency by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a survey of the European experience, 1993-2002
- 2004
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 103:3, s. 1152-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency causes recurrent sinopulmonary infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Approximately 40% to 50% of patients survive to the third decade: long-term survival is unclear. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative. We present a retrospective analysis of 38 European patients undergoing HSCT for CD40L deficiency in 8 European countries between 1993 and 2002. Donor stem cell source included 14 HLA-identical siblings, 22 unrelated donors, and 2 phenotypically matched parental stem cells (12 T-cell depleted). Of the patients, 34 engrafted and 26 (68%) survived; 3 had autologous reconstitution, 22 (58%) were cured, and 1 engrafted but has poor T-cell immune reconstitution. There were 18 evaluated patients who responded to vaccination. Of the patients, 12 (32%) died from infection-related complications, with severe cryptosporidiosis in 6. Grades 2 to 4 graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) associated with infection occurred in 6 of 12 fatal cases. HSCT cured 58% of patients, 72% of those without hepatic disease. Early T-cell function following whole marrow HSCT may limit cryptosporidial disease, but survival was similar after T-cell-depleted HSCT. Preexisting lung damage was the most important adverse risk factor. Further studies will determine optimal timing and type of HSCT.
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- Hagleitner, M M, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical spectrum of immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphism (ICF syndrome).
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of medical genetics. - : BMJ. - 1468-6244. ; 45:2, s. 93-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphism (ICF syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by facial dysmorphism, immunoglobulin deficiency and branching of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 after PHA stimulation of lymphocytes. Hypomethylation of DNA of a small fraction of the genome is an unusual feature of ICF patients which is explained by mutations in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B in some, but not all, ICF patients. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a comprehensive description of the clinical features of this syndrome as well as genotype-phenotype correlations in ICF patients. METHODS: Data on ICF patients were obtained by literature search and additional information by means of questionnaires to corresponding authors. Results and CONCLUSIONS: 45 patients all with proven centromeric instability were included in this study. Facial dysmorphism was found to be a common characteristic (n = 41/42), especially epicanthic folds, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge and low set ears. Hypo- or agammaglobulinaemia was demonstrated in nearly all patients (n = 39/44). Opportunistic infections were seen in several patients, pointing to a T cell dysfunction. Haematological malignancy was documented in two patients. Life expectancy of ICF patients is poor, especially those with severe infections in infancy or chronic gastrointestinal problems and failure to thrive. Early diagnosis of ICF is important since early introduction of immunoglobulin supplementation can improve the course of the disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation should be considered as a therapeutic option in patients with severe infections or failure to thrive. Only 19 of 34 patients showed mutations in DNMT3B, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. No genotype-phenotype correlation was found between patients with and without DNMT3B mutations.
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