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- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 6. |
- Cardell, L O, et al.
(författare)
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Genes regulating molecular and cellular functions in noninfectious nonallergic rhinitis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 64:9, s. 1301-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic noninfectious, nonallergic rhinitis (NINAR) is a complex syndrome with a principally unknown pathophysiology. New technology has made it possible to examine differentially expressed genes and according to network theory, genes connected by their function that might have key roles in the disease.
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| 7. |
- Ekman, A. -K., et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Up-Regulation of TLR4 Causes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Augmentation of Nasal Cytokine Release in Allergic Rhinitis
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 159:1, s. 6-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic rhinitis is a systemic disorder, and it is clinically well recognized that it can be aggravated by infection. Activation of the innate immune system constitutes a critical element in the process. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a part of the innate immune system, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of TLR4 represents bacterial-induced interactions in various model systems. The present study examines how TLR2 and TLR4 expression is affected by symptomatic allergic rhinitis, and if LPS added upon allergen affects nasal cytokine release. Methods: In patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and healthy non-allergic volunteers, nasal lavage (NAL), peripheral blood and bone marrow were sampled before and during the pollen season. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was determined flow cytometrically. Changes in the TLR receptor expression pattern were evaluated by a nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS, or vice versa. Symptoms along with cells and cytokines in NAL were analyzed. Results: TLR4 expression increased in leukocytes in NAL, peripheral blood and bone marrow during symptomatic allergic rhinitis. A similar increase was seen for TLR2 in neutrophils in blood. Nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS augmented the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Conclusion: A systemic up-regulation of TLR4 in symptomatic allergic rhinitis may explain why LPS preceded by allergen increases nasal cytokine release. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 8. |
- Hellkvist, L., et al.
(författare)
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High dose pollen intralymphatic immunotherapy: Two RDBPC trials question the benefit of dose increase
- 2022
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 77:3, s. 883-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The same dosing schedule, 1000 SQ-U times three, with one-month intervals, have been evaluated in most trials of intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The present studies evaluated if a dose escalation in ILIT can enhance the clinical and immunological effects, without compromising safety. Methods Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of ILIT for grass pollen-induced AR were performed. The first included 29 patients that had recently ended 3 years of SCIT and the second contained 39 not previously vaccinated patients. An up-dosage of 1000-3000-10,000 (5000 + 5000 with 30 minutes apart) SQ-U with 1 month in between was evaluated. Results Doses up to 10,000 SQ-U were safe after recent SCIT. The combined symptom-medication scores (CSMS) were reduced by 31% and the grass-specific IgG4 levels in blood were doubled. In ILIT de novo, the two first patients that received active treatment developed serious adverse reactions at 5000 SQ-U. A modified up-dosing schedule; 1000-3000-3000 SQ-U appeared to be safe but failed to improve the CSMS. Flow cytometry analyses showed increased activation of lymph node-derived dendritic but not T cells. Quality of life and nasal provocation response did not improve in any study. Conclusion Intralymphatic immunotherapy in high doses after SCIT appears to further reduce grass pollen-induced seasonal symptoms and may be considered as an add-on treatment for patients that do not reach full symptom control after SCIT. Up-dosing schedules de novo with three monthly injections that exceeds 3000 SQ-U should be avoided.
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| 9. |
- Henmyr, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of genetic variation in TLR8 in relation to allergic rhinitis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A previous investigation of all 10 TLR-genes for associations with allergic rhinitis (AR) detected a number of significant SNPs in the TLR8 locus. The associations indicated that an accumulation of rare variants could explain the signal. The present study therefore searches for rare variants in the TLR8 region and also investigates the reproducibility of previous SNP associations.METHODS: The TLR8 gene was re-sequenced in 288 AR patients from Malmö and the data was compared with publically available data. Seven previously AR-associated SNPs from TLR8 were analyzed for AR-associations in 422 AR patients and 859 controls from the BAMSE cohort. The associations detected in present and previous studies were compared.RESULTS: Sequencing detected 13 polymorphisms (3 promotor, 10 coding) among 288 AR patients. Four of the coding polymorphisms were rare (MAF <1%) and three of those were novel. Two coding polymorphisms were benign missense mutations and the rest were synonymous. Comparison with 1000Genomes and Exome Aggregation Consortium data revealed no accumulation of rare variants in the AR cases. The AR-association tests made using the BAMSE cohort yielded 5 P-values < 0.05. Tests of IgE-levels yielded 4 significant SNP associations to birch pollen. Comparing results between different populations revealed opposing risk alleles, different gender effects and response to different allergens in the different populations.CONCLUSIONS: Rare variants in TLR8 are not associated with AR. Comparison of present and previous association studies reveal contradictory results for common variants. Thus, no associations exist between genetic variation in TLR8 and AR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Hjalmarsson, E, et al.
(författare)
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A five-year open follow up of a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intralymphatic immunotherapy for birch and grass reveals remaining beneficial effects
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology. - : Esmon Publicidad, SA. - 1018-9068. ; , s. 0-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) has been proposed as a novel, less time-consuming alternative to conventional allergy immunotherapy (AIT). Few previous studies have evaluated its long-term effects. The objective of the study was to complete a 5-year follow-up of a previously performed randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ILIT for a combination of birch and grass allergens. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with allergic rhinitis were treated with either placebo or a combination of ALK Alutard Birch and Grass 1000 SQ-U, three intralymphatic injections with one-month intervals. A year after the vaccination, symptoms induced by nasal provocation were significantly reduced. 5-6 years later, 20 out of 26 actively treated patients were followed up with a nasal provocation test (NPT), seasonal registration of the combined symptoms and medications score (CSMS), IgE and IgG4 levels in the blood and immunological markers in blood and lymph nodes and compared with 13 unvaccinated controls Results: The ILIT induced reduction in the NPT response seen in year one could not be convincingly reproduced in year five. The new CSMS scores were markedly lower among the previously treated patients than for the control group. Further, grass-specific IgG4 was increased, grass-specific IgE decreased, FcεR1 on basophils reduced, and the amount of memory T-cells in the lymph nodes increased. Conclusion: The combination of seasonal derived clinical data and immunological parameters supports the notion of a long-lasting effect of ILIT. These data support the concept of ILIT as a good alternative to traditional AIT in pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.
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