| 1. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Superior Intrinsic Mitochondrial Respiration in Women Than in Men.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual dimorphism is apparent in humans, however, to date no studies have investigated mitochondrial function focusing on intrinsic mitochondrial respiration (i.e., mitochondrial respiration for a given amount of mitochondrial protein) and mitochondrial oxygen affinity (p50mito) in relation to biological sex in human. A skeletal muscle biopsy was donated by nine active women, and ten men matched for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and by nine endurance trained men. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiration, assessed in isolated mitochondria, was higher in women compared to men when activating complex I (CIP) and complex I+II (CI+IIP) (p < 0.05), and was similar to trained men (CIP, p = 0.053; CI+IIP, p = 0.066). Proton leak and p50mito were higher in women compared to men independent of VO2max. In conclusion, significant novel differences in mitochondrial oxidative function, intrinsic mitochondrial respiration and p50mito exist between women and men. These findings may represent an adaptation in the oxygen cascade in women to optimize muscle oxygen uptake to compensate for a lower oxygen delivery during exercise.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean
- 2013
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Ingår i: Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPower output is a critical component of athletic performance (McGuigan et al., 2012); therefore, strength and conditioning specialists are nowadays employed to help athletes increase the power-generating capacity in specific motor tasks. Due to the widespread need to assess power output in common strength training exercises, the development and validation of various assessment approaches has led to studies aimed at identifying the external optimal load (OL) to maximize power output (Cormie et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to compare conventionally used linear position transducer and force plate based methods with a new methodology for calculation of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) output in conjunction with the load-power relationship.MethodsNineteen male elite athletes performed loaded squat jump (LSJ) and power clean (PC) with different external loads to determine the load/power relationship. Nine methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction force (GRF) i.e. vertical, anterio-posterior and medio-lateral reaction force components, 1 linear encoder (1Encoder), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF; novel method). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors simultaneously used and the results were compared.ResultsPower output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method differed significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF, and 5LPTs+GRF (novel method). The optimal load in LSJ and PC with respect to PP output was identified at loads between 30 and 50% of their body mass (bm), respectively; and with respect to AP output equal to loads between 85 and 75% of bm, respectively.DiscussionThis study indicates that test methodology influences the results of the power output and the load–power relationship in LSJ and PC exercises. The results of this study suggest the possibility that the combined methods provide a better representation of muscle power generation during dynamic movements involving the non-linear trajectories of the barbell than kinematic or kinetic methods alone.ReferencesCormie, P., McBride, J. M., & McCaulley, G. O. (2007). J Appl Biomech, 23(2), 103-118. McGuigan. (2012). Strength and Power Assessment Protocols. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes (2nd ed., pp. 207-230). Stanningley Leeds, United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.
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| 4. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle mass and inspired oxygen influence oxygen extraction at maximal exercise : role of mitochondrial oxygen affinity.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 225:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:We examined the Fick components together with mitochondrial O2 affinity (p50mito ) in defining O2 extraction and O2 uptake during exercise with large and small muscle mass during normoxia (NORM) and hyperoxia (HYPER).METHODS:Seven individuals performed two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer (BIKE) and two on a one-legged knee extension ergometer (KE) in NORM or HYPER. Leg blood flow and VO2 were determined by thermodilution and the Fick method. Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS) and p50mito were measured ex vivo in isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial excess capacity in the leg was determined from OXPHOS in permeabilized fibers and muscle mass measured with magnetic resonance imaging in relation to peak leg O2 delivery.RESULTS:The ex vivo p50mito increased from 0.06±0.02 to 0.17±0.04 kPa with varying substrate supply and O2 flux rates from 9.84±2.91 to 16.34±4.07 pmol O2 ·s-1 ·μg-1 respectively. O2 extraction decreased from 83% in BIKE to 67% in KE as a function of a higher O2 delivery, and lower mitochondrial excess capacity. There was a significant relationship between O2 extraction and mitochondrial excess capacity and p50mito that was unrelated to blood flow and mean transit time.CONCLUSION:O2 extraction varies with mitochondrial respiration rate, p50mito and O2 delivery. Mitochondrial excess capacity maintains a low p50mito which enhances O2 diffusion from microvessels to mitochondria during exercise. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Xuan, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Fully Integrated Wearable Device for Continuous Sweat Lactate Monitoring in Sports.
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 8:6, s. 2401-2409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical digitalization of sweat using wearable sensing interfaces is an attractive alternative to traditional blood-based protocols in sports. Although sweat lactate has been claimed to be a relevant biomarker in sports, an analytically validated wearable system to prove that has not yet been developed. We present a fully integrated sweat lactate sensing system applicable to in situ perspiration analysis. The device can be conveniently worn in the skin to monitor real-time sweat lactate during sports, such as cycling and kayaking. The novelty of the system is threefold: advanced microfluidics design for sweat collection and analysis, an analytically validated lactate biosensor based on a rational design of an outer diffusion-limiting membrane, and an integrated circuit for signal processing with a custom smartphone application. The sensor covering the range expected for lactate in sweat (1-20 mM), with appropriate sensitivity (-12.5 ± 0.53 nA mM-1), shows an acceptable response time (<90 s), and the influence of changes in pH, temperature, and flow rate are neglectable. Also, the sensor is analytically suitable with regard to reversibility, resilience, and reproducibility. The sensing device is validated through a relatively high number of on-body tests performed with elite athletes cycling and kayaking in controlled environments. Correlation outcomes between sweat lactate and other physiological indicators typically accessible in sports laboratories (blood lactate, perceived exhaustion, heart rate, blood glucose, respiratory quotient) are also presented and discussed in relation to the sport performance monitoring capability of continuous sweat lactate.
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| 6. |
- Anandavadivelan, Poorna, et al.
(författare)
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Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer : study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer often suffer from a progressive loss of muscle mass. Given the considerable functional impairments in these patients, high musculoskeletal weight loads may not be well tolerated by all individuals. The use of blood-flow restricted resistance training (BFR-T) which only requires low training loads may allow for a faster recovery of muscle due to avoidance of high levels of mechanical muscle stress associated with high-load resistance exercise. This study aims to investigate whether BFR-T can prevent or slow down the loss of skeletal muscle mass and enhance the functional capacity and mental health of patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer.METHODS: The PREV-Ex exercise trial is a multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to an exercise program consisting of home-based low-load BFR-T during a combined pre- and postoperative period for a total of 6-10 weeks (prehabilitation and rehabilitation), or to a control group. Protein supplementation will be given to both groups to ensure adequate protein intake. The primary outcomes, skeletal muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area, will be assessed by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include the following: (i) muscle catabolism-related and inflammatory bio-markers (molecular characteristics will be assessed from a vastus lateralis biopsy and blood samples will be obtained from a sub-sample of patients); (ii) patient-reported outcome measures (self-reported fatigue, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status will be assessed through validated questionnaires); (iii) physical fitness/performance/activity (validated tests will be used to evaluate physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal isometric muscle strength. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (assessed using an activity monitor); (iv) clinical outcomes: hospitalization rates and blood status will be recorded from the patients' medical records; (v) explorative outcomes of patients' experience of the exercise program which will be evaluated using focus group/individual interviews.DISCUSSION: It is worthwhile to investigate new strategies that have the potential to counteract the deterioration of skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, strength, and physical function, all of which have debilitating consequences for patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. The expected findings could improve prognosis, help patients stay independent for longer, and possibly reduce treatment-related costs.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05044065. Registered on September 14, 2021.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Capillary-to-Fiber Ratio Following Moderately Increased Testosterone Exposure in Young Healthy Women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recently, it was shown that exogenously administered testosterone enhances endurance capacity in women. In this study, our understanding on the effects of exogenous testosterone on key determinants of oxygen transport and utilization in skeletal muscle is expanded.Methods: In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 48 healthy active women were randomized to 10 weeks of daily application of 10 mg of testosterone cream or placebo. Before and after the intervention, VO2 max, body composition, total hemoglobin (Hb) mass and blood volumes were assessed. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and after the intervention to assess mitochondrial protein abundance, capillary density, capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratio, and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.Results: Maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass, Hb mass, blood, plasma and red blood cell volumes, capillary density, and the abundance of mitochondrial protein levels (i.e., citrate synthase, complexes I, II, III, IV-subunit 2, IV-subunit 4, and V) were unchanged by the intervention. However, the C/F ratio, specific mitochondrial respiratory flux activating complex I and linked complex I and II, uncoupled respiration and electron transport system capacity, but not leak respiration or fat respiration, were significantly increased following testosterone administration compared to placebo.Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into physiological actions of increased testosterone exposure on key determinants of oxygen diffusion and utilization in skeletal muscle of women. Our findings show that higher skeletal muscle oxidative capacity coupled to higher C/F ratio could be major contributing factors that improve endurance performance following moderately increased testosterone exposure.
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| 9. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-
(författare)
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Exercise training strategies to optimize muscle oxygen uptake, muscle oxidative capacity and performance in humans
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- My research area focuses on studying the entire O2 cascade in humans from lungs to mitochondria with an integrative approach.The overall aim of the PhD project is to examine in detail 1) the differences in convective O2 delivery (Fick method) and mitochondrial function (high resolution respirometry technique) between individuals with low and high VO2 max, 2) to quantify the effect of aerobic interval training with elevated O2 delivery on circulatory, muscle mitochondrial components on VO2 max in highly trained individuals, as well as, 3) to quantify the effect of elevated O2 delivery on circulatory and metabolic responses (blood flow and muscle VO2) to exercise engaging small and large muscle groups. A specific focus of the PhD project is to examine and quantify how differences in a) mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity and b) mitochondrial O2 affinity (p50) define differences in muscle O2 extraction and muscle VO2 between individuals of low fitness and those with high aerobic endurance capacity. Although a vast body of literature supports a strong link between muscle oxidative capacity and peak VO2 during exercise, almost all studies are correlative, and the dependence and contribution of mitochondrial capacity to muscle VO2 has yet to be quantified. To this end, experiments are designed to control for O2 transport during exercise as the independent variable between groups with high and low aerobic capacities. The effect of aerobic interval training with elevated O2 delivery on central (circulatory) and peripheral (muscle oxidative) mechanisms for elevating peak VO2 and endurance performance are explored in endurance-trained individuals. Hyperoxic air increases O2 dissolved in the blood, elevates arterial O2 saturation, and increases arterial O2 concentration, resulting in a higher O2 delivery to the working muscle independently from blood flow. Since mitochondria have an excess oxidative capacity in relation to O2 delivery during whole body exercise in normoxia, we hypothesize that mitochondrial volume, function and O2 affinity as well as endurance performance are largely improved following endurance interval training with elevated O2 delivery compared to normoxia.Our preliminary data show that OXPHOS and performance are significantly enhanced following six weeks of periodized aerobic interval training. Significantly differences in performance but not in OXPHOS are found when training is conducted in hyperoxia compared to normoxia.
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| 10. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperoxia for performance and training.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; :13, s. 1515-1522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent technological developments have made it possible to use hyperoxia as an enhancement aid during training. Athletes wearing a mask can breathe a higher fraction of oxygen from a stationary or portable apparatus while exercising. A large body of evidence indicates that the oxygen transport capacity, lactate metabolism, power output and work tolerance (endurance) are improved when breathing hyperoxia. The physiological mechanisms underlying these performance improvements, although still not fully elucidated, are based on higher oxygen delivery and reduced central fatigue. Although much is known about the acute effects of hyperoxia, the effect of hyperoxic-supplemented endurance training on performance and the mechanisms beneath training adaptations are not very well understood, especially in well-trained endurance athletes. The few studies on the physiological effects of hyperoxia training have been conducted with conflicting results, discussed in this paper. Potential detrimental effects have not yet been shown experimentally and warrant further investigation.
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