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- Branth, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of abdominal fat and incipient metabolic syndrome in young healthy men exposed to long-term stress
- 2007
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 17:6, s. 427-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: The sympathetic nervous system may be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in young men. The aim was to study the effects of long-term stress on different features of the metabolic syndrome (MES) in formerly non-obese healthy young males during 5 months of defined conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen healthy male sailors (mean age 36.5 (SD)+/-7 years) participating in a sailing race around the world were recruited for the study. Investigations were done before the start and at stop overs after finishing laps 1, 2 and 4 (1, 2(1/2) and 5 months, respectively). Anthropometric and blood pressure data as well as biochemical data associated with MES were substantiated. Food intake and exercise were chartered and largely controlled. A mean weight loss of 4.5+/-2 kg (P<0.005), comprising both fat and lean body mass, was recorded during the first lap. Subsequently after 5 months, a weight gain, mainly consisting of 1.2+/-1.1 kg body fat (P<0.05), took place, concomitantly with a protein mass drop of 0.6+/-1.1 kg (P<0.05). The body fat gain accumulated on the abdominal region. Elevated blood levels of HbA1c, insulin and the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein ratio were also observed during the race. Likewise heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased slightly but to a statistically significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: Non-obese healthy young men exposed to long-term stress developed abdominal obesity and signs of a metabolic syndrome in embryo, also emphasized by biochemical and blood pressure alterations. It is suggested that long-term and sustained stress activation might be an additional risk factor for the development of MES, even after control of dietary and exercise habits.
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| 2. |
- Carlander, David, et al.
(författare)
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Avian Antibodies Can Eliminate Interference Due To Complement Activation In ELISA
- 2002
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 106:3, s. 189-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies derived from egg yolk offer many advantages over mammalian antibodies in several aspects. Chicken antibodies do not activate the human complement system and are sometimes a more suitable choice in designing solid-phase immunometric assays than mammalian antibodies. The material often recommended for immunological assays is serum. A freshly drawn serum sample contains an active complement system, which is inactivated during storage. Mammalian antibodies used in most immunological assays may activate the human complement system. Activated complement components will bind to the antibodies thereby partly block the antibody binding epitopes. We show that an active complement system in undiluted samples reduce the absorbance values by approximately 50 % when using goat antibodies but not when using chicken antibodies. This difference will cause erroneous test results that will vary depending on the handling of the samples. Chicken antibodies can be used to eliminate this interference problem.
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| 3. |
- Carlander, David, 1971-
(författare)
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Avian IgY antibody : In vitro and in vivo
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is the major antibody found in eggs from chicken (Gallus domesticus). IgY can be used as an alternative to mammalian antibodies normally used in research, and its use in immunotherapy has recently been proposed. Compared to mammalian antibodies, IgY possesses several biochemical advantages and its simple purification from egg yolk prevents a stressful moment in animal handling, as no bleeding is necessary. Small amount of antigen (1 mg) can be used to elicit an immune response in chickens and there are low intra-individual differences regarding antibody concentration found in yolk. By studying two chicken breeds and their cross, a genetic correlation was shown regarding the IgY concentration, which implies a possibility by breeding to increase IgY concentrations. By using IgY instead of goat antibody as capture antibody in ELISA, it is possible reduce interferences by complement activation. After oral administration of IgY to healthy volunteers, IgY activity was present in saliva 8 hours later, indicating a protective effect. This effect has been studied in an open clinical trial with cystic fibrosis patients. Specific IgY against Pseudomonas aeruginosa given orally prolongs the time of intermittent colonization by six months, decrease the number of positive colonizations and might be a useful complement to antibiotic treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy may diminish the development of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The use of immunoglobulin therapy broadens the arsenal available to combat pathogens in medicine and IgY is a promising candidate, both as an alternative to antibiotics and as a useful tool in research and diagnostics.
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| 10. |
- Carlander, David, et al.
(författare)
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Peroral immunotherapy with yolk antibodies for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections
- 2000
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Ingår i: Immunologic research. - 0257-277X .- 1559-0755. ; 21:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral administration of specific antibodies is an attractive approach to establish protective immunity against gastrointestinal pathogens in humans and animals. The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria emphasize the need to find alternatives to antibiotics. Immunotherapy can also be used against pathogens that are difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Laying hens are very good producers of specific antibodies. After immunization, the specific antibodies are transported to the egg yolk from which the antibodies then can be purified. A laying hen produces more than 20 g of yolk antibodies (IgY) per year. These antibodies also have biochemical properties that make them attractive for peroral immunotherapy: They neither activate mammalian complement nor interact with mammalian Fc receptors that could mediate inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. Eggs are also normal dietary components and thus there is practically no risk of toxic side effects of IgY. Yolk antibodies have been shown in several studies to prevent bacterial and viral infections.
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