| 1. |
- Gummesson, Anders, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Relations of Adipose Tissue Cell Death-Inducing DFFA-like Effector A Gene Expression to Basal Metabolic Rate, Energy Restriction and Obesity: Population-based and Dietary Intervention Studies.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:12, s. 4759-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity via the modulation of metabolic rate, based on the findings that CIDEA inhibits the brown adipose tissue uncoupling process in rodents. Objective: To investigate the putative link between CIDEA and basal metabolic rate in humans, and to further elucidate the role of CIDEA in human obesity. Design: We have explored CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue in two different human studies: A cross-sectional and population-based study assessing body composition and metabolic rate (Mölndal Metabolic study, n=92), and a longitudinal intervention-study of obese subjects treated with a very low calorie diet (VLCD study, n=24). Results: The CIDEA gene was predominantly expressed in adipocytes as compared to other human tissues. CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue was inversely associated with basal metabolic rate independently of body composition, age and gender (p=0.014). VLCD induced an increase in adipose tissue CIDEA expression (p<0.0001) with a subsequent decrease in response to refeeding (p<0.0001). Reduced CIDEA gene expression was associated with a high body fat content (p<0.0001) and with high insulin levels (p<0.01). No dysregulation of CIDEA expression was observed in individuals with the metabolic syndrome when compared with BMI-matched controls. In a separate sample of VLCD-treated subjects (n=10), uncoupling protein 1 expression was reduced during diet (p=0.0026) and inversely associated with CIDEA expression (p=0.0014). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the concept that CIDEA plays a role in adipose tissue energy expenditure.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Becky, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Forming effective culturally diverse work teams in project courses
- 2017
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Ingår i: 13th international CDIO conference proceedings CDIO, June 18-22 2017, Calgary. - 1796-9964. - 9780889533998 ; 2017:13, s. 508-518
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A culturally diverse student population at Master’s level is a reality at many universities today, as it is at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. However, a common issue is the lack of interaction between home and international students, which counteracts university goals of fostering intercultural cooperation. This paper will discuss and evaluate a pilot project in one Master’s program in production engineering, where activities around group diversity were integrated into a company-based project course. Students were assigned groups where a mixture of backgrounds and expertise were prioritised.The project used a number of group dynamics activities including a pre-survey of expectations of group work; negotiating a group contract; and continuous peer group assessment in order to develop and reflect on the skills required in a culturally diverse work team.From reflective essays that students wrote, as well as interviews carried out, the project and tasks were evaluated. The following themes were identified: attitudes to diversity; the importance of well-functioning communication; and attitudes and roles within the group.Results show that students found this a challenging but useful environment to work in and found the group dynamics activities helpful in negotiating this environment. Continuous peer group assessment, in particular, was seen as helpful in providing a forum for feedback and discussion on individual performance in the group and challenges for the group as a whole.Recommendations include constructive alignment within the program in terms of clear goals, activities and assessment, in order to build up these skills and awareness, not only in a single course but throughout the program.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Anders, 1980-
(författare)
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Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer’s patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer’s patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle.Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated.The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal mast cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with probiotics was effective in protecting the gut against stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal inflammation. This protection appeared to involve a mast cell and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ dependent mechanism.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nilsonne, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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”Sluta betala för att få publicera forskning”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2023-03-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vetenskapliga tidskrifter som gömmer sina forskningsresultat bakom betalväggar har spelat ut sin roll. Nu har vi chansen att få 500 miljoner mer till forskning – bara genom att säga nej till tidskrifterna, skriver debattörer.
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| 7. |
- Ström, Linda, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of urea-spray non-uniformity effects on the H2-assisted NO reduction and NH3 slip over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 75, s. 2317-2322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3-SCR) is an efficient technology for lean NOx removal in automotive applications. In the current work, a kinetic model for hydrogen-assisted NH3-SCR over a silver-alumina (Ag/Al2O3) monolith catalyst is adapted to the corresponding experimental results. The degree of non-uniformity in the NH3 dose to individual catalyst channels during operation of a urea-SCR system is also investigated and the NH3 dose probability distribution functions are derived. The effects of NH3 non-uniformity on the NO conversion and NH3 slip are studied over an otherwise optimal Ag/Al2O3 system. Above the stoichiometric point, the NH3 slip is shown to increase almost linearly with increasing NH3 dosage. Channels that receive significantly lower NH3 dose than the stoichiometric one exhibit low NO conversion, whereas there is no discernable increase in the NO conversion above an NH3 dose four times the average. These results highlight the importance of the interaction between the design of the NH3 dosing system and the performance of the catalytic system.
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| 8. |
- Wåhlén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic alterations in plasma proteins from women with chronic widespread pain compared to healthy controls: a proteomic study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 10, s. 797-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a complex pain condition that is difficult to treat. The prevalence of CWP approximates similar to 10% of the general population, with higher prevalence in women. Lack of understanding of molecular mechanisms has been a challenge for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to explore the systemic protein changes in CWP compared to those in healthy controls (CON). By applying 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein pattern of plasma samples from women with CWP (n=16) and healthy women (n=23). The proteomic data were analyzed using multivariate statistical models, and altered proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis was further validated by gel-free Western blot. Multivariate statistical data analysis of quantified proteins revealed 22 altered proteins in women with CWP, compared to CON group. Many of the identified proteins are previously known to be involved in different parts of the complement system and metabolic and inflammatory processes, e.g., complement factor B, vitamin D-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, transthyretin and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein. These results indicate that important systemic protein differences exist between women with CWP and healthy women. Further, this study illustrates the potential use of proteomics to detect biomarkers that may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism(s) of chronic pain. However, further larger investigations are required in order to confirm these findings before it will be possible to identify proteins as potential pain biomarkers for clinical use.
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