| 1. |
- Nilsson, Per, 1969-
(författare)
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Brukade bilder : Södra Skandinaviens hällristningar ur ett historiebruksperspektiv
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The timeframe of the south Scandinavian rock art tradition extends from c.1700/1600 to 300 /200 BC. The chronological boundaries of the rock art phenomenon thereby coincide roughly with the timeframe of the Nordic Bronze Age, and rock art figures have come to be understood and interpreted as a Bronze Age phenomenon. It is argued that a dominant Bronze Age narrative has come to direct the discourse and fieldwork alike towards a focus on the origin , rather than the use, of rock art. The rock carver’s intention with the image, explicitly or implicitly, has come to equate with its meaning. The aim of the thesis is to approach rock art figures from a different perspective, with the aim of understanding how south Scandinavian rock art has been used and interpreted over time. The question of what archaeological evidence the use of rock art may have left behind is taken up, and the archaeological excavations carried out at rock art sites in southern Scandinavia are summarized and discussed. The survey shows that finds and features date to some extent from the Bronze Age, yet most of the dateable evidence comes from periods after the tradition of creating new images had ended, especially the Early Iron Age. This phenomenon is of particular interest given the explicit uses of the past-perspective of the thesis. It is argued that some of the rock art sites were still being used during later prehistoric periods. Other examples of later period´s uses of rock art sites are presented and discussed, such as runic inscriptions on rock art panels as well as the use of rock art and cup-mark sites during historic times. A study of the chronological development of the rock art tradition in the Himmelstalund-region in the county of Östergötland is also presented, based on recently developed ship chronologies of rock art. The study shows that the earliest ship figures, which are found in the Himmelstalund area, were probably made in the Bronze Age period I/II. Yet the majority of the dateable ship figures date from the Bronze Age period II–III, after which the number of dateable ships declines in period IV, a development becoming even more prominent in period V-VI. Another theme discussed in the thesis is archaeology’s own uses of rock art and how this has affected the interpretations of the material. The thesis shows it is feasible to combine a discussion on the prehistoric use of rock art sites and images with a critical view of interactions between archaeological and antiquarian practice and the source material. It has also shown the potential for a broadened discussion, where we regard the use of rock art, during the Bronze Age as well as during later periods, as integral and essential to rock art research.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Nina, 1979-
(författare)
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Sorgereaktioner hos närstående till personer som avlidit till följd av plötsligt hjärtstopp
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte: Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att utforska sorgereaktioner hos närstående till personer som avlidit till följd av plötsligt hjärtstopp. De specifika syftena var att: belysa innebörder av levda erfarenheter av att förlora en nära person som avlidit till följd av plötsligt hjärtstopp (I), beskriva symtom på förlängd sorg och självskattad hälsa hos närstående, samt att jämföra partners och icke-partners (II), undersöka samband mellan symtom på förlängd sorg och psykisk ohälsa samt identifiera associerade faktorer (III), undersöka sorgereaktioner i relation till socialt och professionellt stöd, sex och tolv månader efter förlusten (IV).Metod: Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer (n=12) (I) samt via enkäter sex (n=108) (I-III) och tolv (n=69) (IV) månader efter dödfallet. Enkäterna innehöll bakgrundsfrågor samt mätinstrumenten: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PG-13), RAND-36, Health Index (HI), Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Intervjudata analyserades utifrån fenomenologisk hermeneutik (I) och enkätdata analyserades med beskrivande och inferentiell statistik (II-IV).Resultat: Under hjärtstoppshändelsen befann sig närstående i ett gränsland mellan liv och död. Efter dödsfallet var närståendes berättande betydelsefullt i sökandet efter förståelse och mening. Att sakna svar kunde hålla kvar närstående i liminalitet och försvåra sorgeprocessen (I). Var femte närstående (18%) rapporterade symtom på förlängd sorg sex månader efter förlusten. Även symtom på ångest (30%) och depression (19%) var vanligt medan få rapporterade symtom på posttraumatisk stress (6%) (II). Dessa symtom samexisterade i hög grad (rs=0,69-0,79) (III) och kunde även kvarstå eller förvärras över tid (IV). Både socialt och professionellt stöd var signifikant associerat med symtom på förlängd sorg och psykisk ohälsa (III-IV). En majoritet (86%) rapporterade att de inte erbjudits stöd från hälso- och sjukvården vid dödsfallet (II).Slutsats: För att underlätta sorgeprocessen bör närstående erbjudas professionellt stöd under hjärtstoppshändelsen och uppföljande samtal efter dödfallet. Genom ett proaktivt professionellt stöd och användning av validerade mätinstrument kan närstående i behov av ytterligare psykologiskt stöd identifieras.
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| 3. |
- Grönberg, Annika, 1970-
(författare)
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Predictors of long-term glycemic control, pancreatic function and BMI trajectory in children with type 1 diabetes
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The maintenance of normal metabolic control underpins all management of insulin dependent diabetes whether in terms of preserved beta-cell function, body composition, or family support. The hypothesis of this work was that preserved C-peptide predicts better glycemic control and lowers risk of severe hypoglycemia. It was additionally investigated whether Body Mass Index (BMI) and family structure contributes to the prediction of long-term glycemic control. Objectives: This thesis aimed to 1) identify the factors associated with residual C peptide production at least 10 years after diagnosis, 2) evaluate the association of BMI trajectory and long-term glycemic control, 3) identify early characteristics associated with rapid or slow decline of beta-cell function and how it affects the clinical course, and 4) investigate the relations of family structure at diagnosis and long-term glycemic control. Methods: Data from four cohorts were used: In the Uppsala cohort, measurement of long-term residual C-peptide was undertaken using ultrasensitive C-peptide ELISA in 73 children and adolescents <25 years, BMI trajectory prior diagnosis was evaluated in 295 children, while family structure at diagnosis was evaluated in 215 children in relation to glycemic control. In the Linköping cohort, stimulated C-peptide was assessed by mixed meal tolerance test in 50 children. Results: The cohort studies showed that better early glycemic control predicted long term residual C-peptide and that long term residual C-peptide, in turn, was protective against severe hypoglycemia. Additionally, BMI trajectory was predicted by BMI prior to the presentation of type 1 diabetes. There was no association with glycemic outcome. Children living in a whole family had a lower probability of long-term dysglycemia. Conclusions: Residual C-peptide is important for better glycemic control and to reduce complications in children with type 1 diabetes. Family structure, but not BMI trajectory, contributes to the prediction of long-term glycemic control. However, more research is needed to understand how to preserve the beta-cell function in children and to target and support families in those children with early deteriorating glycemic control to reduce future complications.
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| 4. |
- Pettersson Jensen, Ing-Marie, 1960-
(författare)
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Norberg och Järnet : Bergsmännen och den medeltida industrialiseringen
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an archeological study of continuity and change in mining and settlement 1000 – 1500. At the time for the earliest possible introduction of mining, in the mid-10th century, the primary area for Norbergs’ mining district was sparsely settled, but in the late Viking Age and/or early Middle Ages, the analyses demonstrate a significant agricultural expansion.Based on the dating of the medieval blast furnaces, the 13th century seems to have been the main expansion phase for mining in the area. In the early 14th century there may have been 121 blast furnaces around Norberg. During the later parts of the Middle Ages, starting in the second half of the 14th century, in total 30%, of the blast furnaces was closed.The Christian ideology broke down the former power of the local Viking Age magnates and dissolved their strong control over the route taken by the iron to the consumer. Their strong control over the craft and the craftsmen was also reduced. Together, this contributed to the quantitative development of iron production, and permitted craftsmen and iron producers to strengthen their social positions by developing their operations. These actors became stronger during the Middle Ages and had much to win from an increasingly powerful monarchy. The development of the towns and trading created entirely new routes and institutions for the iron to be shipped down from the mining area. This created the right conditions for the peasant miners to free themselves entirely from the old structures that controlled the mining area and trade.After the Black Death it was increasingly important to be more self-sufficient and to reside on site, which is why the so-called peasant miner organization reinforced its position and became dominant. But at the same time, the first large scale industrialization of the mining area stopped.
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| 5. |
- Runesson, Gunilla, 1958-
(författare)
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Bronsålderns bosättningsområden och boplatser på Gotland : Många syns inte men finns ändå
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis settlement areas and settlements from the Bronze Age on Gotland are in focus. The island of Gotland in the middle of the Baltic Sea is famous for its rich archaeological remains of monuments and relics from all pre-historic periods, and the Bronze Age (1700-500 BC) especially is well repre- sented. There are nearly a thousand cairns, over 300 stone-ship settings and a large amount of bronze finds, but there are few traits of contemporary settlements. With few exceptions the settlements from all pre-historic periods are in one way “invisible” but during the last decades the context has changed, as has knowledge of the settlements from the Bronze Age. Research published throughout the first ten years of the 21th century offers new and refreshing interpretations concerning settlements and houses from the period in question on both a regional level and in more comprehensive studies across Scandinavia. This is due to continued advances in archaeological methods to see the invisible remains however many of the sites are discovered in exploitation-excavations. In a smaller scale this is also true for Gotland and during the last decade there are scattered finds of houses from the period in the shape of post-holes, hearths and cooking pits. The situation on the island is not to expect larger ex- ploitations followed by excavations so we have to test other ways to look for the settlement areas and settlements. In this study I therefor examine if there are any relations to the visible, in first hand cont- emporary types of monuments such as burnt mounds, cairns, stone ship settings and finds of bronzes, to sites seen as possible settlement areas from the Bronze Age. In this context I also have to consider the remains from the early Iron Age, foremost the visible remains of fossilised fields and ancient forts.The theoretical framework is a hermeneutic approach in the study of the relations of each cont- emporary types of monuments contextualized with possible settlements. As Gotland is an island I have to relate to the meaning of landscape and islands. To get closer to the society and the social orga- nisation, my aim is also to come closer to the people who lived their daily lives on Gotland during the Bronze Age and to consider the question of the chiefdoms and the social organisation.
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| 6. |
- Röst, Anna, 1977-
(författare)
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Fragmenterade platser, ting och människor : Stenkonstruktioner och depositioner på två gravfältslokaler i Södermanland ca 1000–300 f Kr
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is generally considered that cairns and stone constructions of different shapes and sizes make up the grave monuments of the Late Bronze Age (1000–300 BC) in the province of Södermanland in Sweden. However, these “monuments” often contain only small amounts of burnt bone, and often no human remains at all. At the same time, human bones are found in settlement sites and other "non-grave" contexts. The materiality of human remains thus appears to be far more complex than a modern definition of "burial" or "grave" would allow. This thesis investigates practices beyond the common terminology of burial archaeology, and focuses on the practices of collecting, enclosing and scattering stones, human remains, pottery and metal objects in stone constructions traditionally labeled "graves". The study is conducted through a detailed micro-level analysis combining constructions, depositions of artefacts and human remains in a perspective of perception, formation processes and temporality.Based on the results from studies of two Late Bronze Age burial grounds in Eastern Sweden, it is argued that there is a need to differentiate the meaning content of cremated bone within in what we refer to as burial grounds. Results indicate that the passage rituals in connection with death and disposal of remains do not end when the cremated bone is deposited in the stone constructions. The constructions and deposits are subject to further attention and actions, altering the meaning of the cremated bones while the individual undergoes transformation to a fully transformed substance. The stone constructions themselves do not appear to have been built for eternity, but rather as functional nodes of transformation, constructed to facilitate the passage rituals.
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| 7. |
- Selling, Susanne, 1970-
(författare)
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Livets scener och dödens platser : Om bronsålder i södra Bohuslän utifrån en gravläggning i Faxehögen, Kareby socken
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses the importance of regional variation in prehistory. In Kareby parish, in southern Bohuslän, western Sweden, a large burial mound was partially excavated in the 1960’s. A person in the Faxe mound, was buried with a belt plate, a dagger and arm rings. Similar burials found in Denmark, indicate that the buried person in the Faxe mound was most probably a woman. Bronzes from the Bronze Age are quite unusual in Bohuslän, which made this a spectacular find. And the fact that the person buried with these items had been buried in a mound, not in a cairn as could be expected in this area, made it even more intriguing.The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the people in southern Bohuslän, during the Bronze Age, were influenced by both external contacts and local traditions. By using the Faxe mound as a starting point, and by linking it to the immediate surroundings as well as adjacent areas, I aim to explore the Bronze Age in Bohuslän. The text is divided into four parts: objects, graves, settlement sites and rock carvings. Each theme is explored with the Faxe mound as starting point. The Faxe mound and the woman who was buried within, has had a great impact on the use of the surrounding Kareby heath.Using a specific burial, when analysing the Bronze Age in Bohuslän, may be unusual. The Faxe mound has been my way to focus attention on regional differences. The Faxe woman seems to have been one of a kind in this area. The aim of this book has, however, been to include as many aspects as possible. Other traces of the Bronze Age, be they artefacts or ancient monuments, all contribute to a greater understanding of the Bronze age as a whole. And finally, the way that we chose to present archaeology has a great impact on future interpretations.
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| 8. |
- Agerström, Jens, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Discriminatory cardiac arrest care? : Patients with low socioeconomic status receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and are less likely to survive an in-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:8, s. 861-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) face widespread prejudice in society. Whether SES disparities exist in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is unclear. The aim of the current retrospective registry study was to examine SES disparities in IHCA treatment and survival, assessing SES at the patient level, and adjusting for major demographic, clinical, and contextual factors.Methods and results: In total, 24 217 IHCAs from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were analysed. Education and income constituted SES proxies. Controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidity, heart rhythm, aetiology, hospital, and year, primary analyses showed that high (vs. low) SES patients were significantly less likely to receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (highly educated: OR = 0.89, and high income: OR = 0.98). Furthermore, patients with high SES were significantly more likely to survive CPR (high income: OR = 1.02), to survive to hospital discharge with good neurological outcome (highly educated: OR = 1.27; high income: OR = 1.06), and to survive to 30 days (highly educated: OR = 1.21; and high income: OR = 1.05). Secondary analyses showed that patients with high SES were also significantly more likely to receive prophylactic heart rhythm monitoring (highly educated: OR = 1.16; high income: OR = 1.02), and this seems to partially explain the observed SES differences in CPR delay.Conclusion: There are clear SES differences in IHCA treatment and survival, even when controlling for major sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual factors. This suggests that patients with low SES could be subject to discrimination when suffering IHCA.
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| 9. |
- Agerström, Jens, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest : does patient ethnicity matter?
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS : Previous research on racial/ethnic disparities in relation to cardiac arrest has mainly focused on black vs. white disparities in the USA. The great majority of these studies concerns out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The current nationwide registry study aims to explore whether there are ethnic differences in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), examining possible disparities towards Middle Eastern and African minorities in a European context.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this retrospective registry study, 24 217 patients from the IHCA part of the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were included. Data on patient ethnicity were obtained from Statistics Sweden. Regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of ethnicity on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delay, CPR duration, survival immediately after CPR, and the medical team's reported satisfaction with the treatment. Middle Eastern and African patients were not treated significantly different compared to Nordic patients when controlling for hospital, year, age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, aetiology, and initial heart rhythm. Interestingly, we find that Middle Eastern patients were more likely to survive than Nordic patients (odds ratio = 1.52).CONCLUSION: Overall, hospital staff do not appear to treat IHCA patients differently based on their ethnicity. Nevertheless, Middle Eastern patients are more likely to survive IHCA.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Helena, 1976-
(författare)
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Gotländska stenåldersstudier : Människor och djur, platser och landskap
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals mainly with the Middle Neolithic period (ca. 3200-2300 BC) on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. The aim is to deepen the understanding of how the islanders related to their surroundings, to the landscape, to places, to objects, to animals and to humans, both living and dead. The archaeological material is studied downwards and up with a focus on practices, especially the handling and deposition of materials and objects in graves, within sites and in the landscape. The study is comparative and the Middle Neolithic is described in relation to the Early Neolithic and the Mesolithic period on the island.From a long term perspective the island is presented as a region where strong continuity can be identified, regarding both way of life and economy. In contrast, substantial changes did occur through time regarding the islander’s conceptions of the world and of social relations. This in turn affected the way they looked upon the landscape, different sites and animals, as well as other human beings. During the Mesolithic, the islanders first saw it as possible to create their world, their micro-cosmos, wherever they were, and they saw themselves as living in symbiosis with seals. With time, though, they started to relate, to connect and to identify themselves with the island, its landscape and its material, with axe sites and a growing group identity as results. The growing group identity culminated during the Early Neolithic with a dualistic conception of the world and with ritualised depositions in border zones.The Middle Neolithic is presented as a period when earlier boundaries were dissolved. This concerned, for example, boundaries towards the world around the islanders and they were no longer keeping themselves to their own sphere. At the same time individuals became socially important. It became accepted and also vital to give expression to personal identity, which was done through objects, materials and animals. Despite this, group identity continued to be an important part in their lives. This is most evident through the specific Pitted Ware sites, where the dead were also treated and buried. These places were sites for ritual and social practices, situated in visible, central and easy accessible locations, like gates in and out of the islands’ different areas. The dead were very important for the islanders. In the beginning of MN B they started to adopt aspects from the Battle Axe culture, but they never embraced Battle Axe grave customs. Instead they held on to the Pitted Ware way of dealing with the dead and buried, and to the Pitted Ware sites, through the whole period, with large burial grounds as a result.
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