| 1. |
- Rewers, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1150, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown, but a growing body of evidence points to infectious agents and/or components of early childhood diet. The National Institutes of Health has established the TEDDY Study consortium of six clinical centers in the United States and Europe and a data coordinating center to identify environmental factors predisposing to, or protective against, islet autoimmunity and T1D. From 2004-2009, TEDDY will screen more than 360,000 newborns from both the general population and families already affected by T1D to identify an estimated 17,804 children with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes. Of those, 7,801 (788 first-degree relatives and 7,013 newborns with no family history of T1D) will be enrolled in prospective follow-up beginning before the age of 4.5 months. As of May 2008, TEDDY has screened more than 250,000 newborns and enrolled nearly 5,000 infants--approximately 70% of the final cohort. Participants are seen every 3 months up to 4 years of age, with subsequent visits every 6 months until the subject is 15 years of age. Blood samples are collected at each visit for detection of candidate infectious agents and nutritional biomarkers; monthly stool samples are collected for infectious agents. These samples are saved in a central repository. Primary endpoints include (1) appearance of one or more islet autoantibodies (to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2) confirmed at two consecutive visits; (2) development of T1D. By age 15, an estimated 800 children will develop islet autoimmunity and 400 will progress to T1D; 67 and 27 children have already reached these endpoints.
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| 2. |
- TEDDY study group, The, et al.
(författare)
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The environmental determinants of diabetes in the young (TEDDY) study: Study design
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 8:5, s. 286-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary objective of this multicenter, multinational, epidemiological study is the identification of infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental exposures that are associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Factors affecting specific phenotypic manifestations such as early age of onset or rate of progression or with protection from the development of T1DM will also be identified. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) is an observational cohort study in which newborns who are younger than 4 months and have high-risk human leukocyte antigen alleles in the general population or are first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients affected with T1DM will be enrolled. Six clinical centers in the USA and Europe will screen 361 588 newborns, of which it is anticipated that 17 804 will be eligible for enrollment with just over 7800 followed. Recruitment will occur over 5 yr, with children being followed to the age of 15 yr. Identification of such factors will lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and result in new strategies to prevent, delay, or reverse T1DM.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abrahamsson, Jonas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in malignant disease.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The American journal of pediatric hematology/oncology. - 0192-8562. ; 15:4, s. 364-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to its important role in immunoregulation, we have investigated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), in children with newly diagnosed, untreated, malignant disease.
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| 5. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 587-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health.
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| 6. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli with human meconium.
- 1991
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Ingår i: FEMS microbiology letters. - 0378-1097. ; 68:1, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of Escherichia coli with different receptor specificities to interact with meconium was studied. E. coli strains expressing P-fimbriae, specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta-containing receptors, were agglutinated by meconium at high titres. This reaction was inhibited by globotetraosylceramide. The attachment of P-fimbriated E. coli to human colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line was inhibited by meconium. Some type 1 fimbriated strains were agglutinated by meconium, but the agglutination was rarely blocked by methyl alpha-D-mannoside. The attachment by type 1 fimbriated strains to HT-29 cells was reduced by meconium only in some cases. These results suggest that meconium interacts with the P-fimbriae of E. coli, in a way that may influence bacterial colonization of the neonatal intestine.
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| 7. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
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| 8. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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P fimbriae and other adhesins enhance intestinal persistence of Escherichia coli in early infancy.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 599-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resident and transient Escherichia coli strains were identified in the rectal flora of 22 Pakistani infants followed from birth to 6 months of age. All strains were tested for O-antigen expression, adhesin specificity (P fimbriae, other mannose-resistant adhesins or type 1 fimbriae) and adherence to the colonic cell line HT-29. Resident strains displayed higher mannose-resistant adherence to HT-29 cells, and expressed P fimbriae (P = 0.0036) as well as other mannose-resistant adhesins (P = 0.012) more often than transient strains. In strains acquired during the first month of life, P fimbriae were 12 times more frequent in resident than in transient strains (P = 0.0006). The O-antigen distribution did not differ between resident and transient strains, and none of the resident P-fimbriated strains belonged to previously recognized uropathogenic clones. The results suggest that adhesins mediating adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, especially P fimbriae, enhance the persistence of E. coli in the large intestine of infants.
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| 9. |
- Bartuma, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Discrepancies between estimated and perceived risk of cancer among individuals with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genetic Testing. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-7473 .- 1090-6576. ; 11:2, s. 183-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communicating cancer risk and recommending adequate control programs is central for genetic counseling. Individuals affected by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) are at about 80% life-time risk of colorectal cancer and for female carriers 40-60% risk of endometrial cancer and 10-15% risk of ovarian cancer. The perceived risk among mutation carriers may, however, deviate from the risk communicated and has been demonstrated to influence adherence to control programs. We investigated the perceived cancer risk among HNPCC mutation carriers (n = 47) and correlated the findings to individual characteristics. A perceived risk of colorectal cancer above 60% was reported by 22/45 individuals, and only one out of five mutation carriers reported a perceived risk > 80%. Female mutation carriers, individuals below age 50, and individuals who received their oncogenetic counseling within 1 year prior to the study reported higher, albeit not significantly, perceived risks of colorectal cancer. Higher perceived risks were also reported by individuals who had lost a parent to HNPCC-related cancer at early age, whereas individuals with a personal history of cancer did not report a higher perceived risk. Regarding gynecological cancer, 6/18 females reported a perceived risk of 40-60% for endometrial cancer, whereas the remaining women both underestimated and overestimated their risk, and none of the women referred to the risk of ovarian cancer. We conclude that despite educational efforts and an increasing amount of data on the cancer risk in HNPCC, a minority of the mutation carriers report a perceived risk at the same level as that communicated during oncogenetic counseling.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Typområden på jordbruksmark : Växtnäringsförluster i små jordbruksdominerade avrinningsområden 2001/2002
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det regionala miljöövervakningsprogrammet ”Typområden på jordbruksmark” undersöks för närvarande 28 stycken små jordbruksdominerade avrinningsområden. Syftet är att följa odlingens inverkan på vattenkvalitén i avrinnande vatten till bäck eller å. I denna sammanställning redovisas resultat från det agrohydrologiska året 2001/2002, bl a flödesvägda halter, transporter,klimat och hur odlingsförutsättningarna har varit.Åkermarkens nettoarealförlust (utlakning till rotzonen minus retentionsförluster och förluster till djupare grundvatten) har inte skattats i årets rapport. Detta innebär att det är den totala transporten som redovisas och i den ingår inte bara läckage från åkermark utan även t ex förluster från punktkällor.Hösten 2001 och vintern 2001/2002 var mild och på många håll nederbördsrik. Den rikliga nederbörden ledde till stora oskördade arealer hösten 2001 och även till att den höstsådda arealen blev liten. Trots riklig nederbörd blev avrinningen för områdena i Svealand måttlig. Halterna av kväve för typområdena i Svealand var däremot medel till över medel för perioden medan halterna av fosfor var i nivå med tidigare år. Den högre avrinningen som förekom i områdena i Skåne, Blekinge och Hallands län gav däremot inte upphov till några höga halter i jämförelse med långtidsmedel, varken av kväve eller fosfor. Däremot gjorde en hög avrinning att transporterna blev relativt höga och medel för produktionsområdena Götalands slätt- och mellanbygder översteg långtidsmedel betydligt för både kväve och fosfor.I januari 2002 förändrades programmet typområden på jordbruksmark i och med att åtta områden överfördes till ett nationellt, så kallat intensivprogram. Detta innebär bl a att vattenprover tas med tätare intervall i områdena och både i ytoch grundvatten. Som en kvalitetskontroll av analyser gjordes en jämförelse med laboratoriet på avdelningen för vattenvårdslära och två andra laboratorier som användes för två områden. Resultaten pekar på en del skillnader mellan laboratorierna t ex i metoden för analys av suspenderat material. För de laboratorier som analyserar recipientvatten från jordbruksmark skulle analys av suspenderat material, förfiltrering för fosfatanalys och bestämningen av fosfor behöva interkalibreras.
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