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- Appelgren, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between solid copper jets and powerful electrical current pulses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of applied mechanics. - : ASME International. - 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 78:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between a solid copper jet and an electric current pulse is studied. Copper jets that were created by a shaped-charge device were passed through an electrode configuration consisting of two aluminum plates with a separation distance of 150 mm. The electrodes were connected to a pulsed-power supply delivering a current pulse with amplitudes up to 250 kA. The current and voltages were measured, providing data on energy deposition in the jet and electrode contact region, and flash X-ray diagnostics were used to depict the jet during and after electrification. The shape of, and the velocity distributions along, the jet has been used to estimate the correlation between the jet mass flow through the electrodes and the electrical energy deposition. On average, 2.8 kJ/g was deposited in the jet and electrode region, which is sufficient to bring the jet up to the boiling point. A model based on the assumption of a homogenous current flow through the jet between the electrodes underestimates the energy deposition and the jet resistance by a factor 5 compared with the experiments, indicating a more complex current flow through the jet. The experimental results indicate the following mechanism for the enhancement of jet breakup. When electrified, the natural-formed necks in the jet are subjected to a higher current density compared with other parts of the jet. The higher current density results in a stronger heating and a stronger magnetic pinch force. Eventually, the jet material in the neck is evaporated and explodes electrically, resulting in a radial ejection of vaporized jet material.
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- Carlsson, Jörgen, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted Radionuclide Tumor Therapy : Biological Aspects
- 2008
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have provided opportunities to explore the potential of treating malignant diseases with antibodies or other targeting molecules labelled with nuclides. While considerable advances have been reported, there is still a significant amount of work left to accomplish before our ambitions can be achieved. It now seems timely to review the accomplishments achieved to date and to clarify the challenges that remain. The choice of radionuclide, the conjugation procedure employed, and the selection of suitable targets were early issues that were faced by our field that still persist, however we can now tackle these obstacles with significantly better insight. The expanding array of new targeting molecules (recombinant antibodies, peptides and agents based upon alternate scaffolds) may increase the therapeutic efficacy or even modify the radiation sensitivity of the targeted tumor cell. The title of this book “Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy – Biological Aspects” was selected to reinforce the concept that a major focus of this volume was devoted to understanding the biological effects of targeting and radiation. These important issues have not previously been the primary focus in this context. Furthermore, our rapidly expanding knowledge of different types of cell death and the increasingly likely existence of cancer stem cells suggests to us that even more efficient approaches in targeting might be possible in the future. The development of targeted therapy is a true multidisciplinary enterprise involving physician scientists from the fields of nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, surgery, gynaecology, pathology and medical oncology/haematology. It also involves many preclinical scientists working with experimental animal models, immunochemistry, recombinant antibody technologies, radiochemistry, radiation physics (dosimetry) and basic cell biology including the study of cell signalling pathways and the mechanisms of cellular death. Certainly several challenges remain in bringing targeted therapy into mainstream of treatment modalities, but in many of the chapters significant improvements in targeting efficiency are observed and may indicate future efficacy and acceptance, maybe not as a single treatment modality, but in combination with other strategies. It is the ambition of the editors to enable, with this volume, deeper insights in the process of improving targeted therapy for this diverse group of scientists. Clearly, some of the obstacles to gaining wider clinical acceptance might partly be related to this necessity of multidisciplinary collaborations. A number of disciplines, many of them mentioned above, have to both collaborate and coordinate with each other in order to control the chain of judgement necessary for the treatment of each patient. All these requirements may not always be available or easy to accomplish. This is a management paradigm shift, which usually would take some time. However, we hope that the chapters in this book will convince you, the reader, that a critical mass of knowledge regarding how to effectively use targeted radionuclide therapy has been accumulated. We believe, and hope that you will agree, that the time now has come when targeted therapy can soon be added to standard oncology treatment regimens.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Torgny E., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a 3D camera
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE. ; , s. 218-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the development of new products there are two parallel lines for the development process to follow; the traditional or 'real,' and the new computer aided or 'virtual.' The traditional line is to develop prototypes that can be used for testing strength, functionality, and visual appearance of the product. In the virtual line digital (CAD) models are developed which can be tested entirely in a computer by simulations e.g., using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and other tools. For transformation from the real to the virtual world some kind of 3D camera is needed. The shape of the model should be measured together with further data concerning the visual appearance, material properties, etc. We have developed electronic recording techniques for doing this based on the Light-in-Flight technique. This technology has all advantages of holography, i.e., apart from the shape it is also possible to measure how much light is reflected from different parts of the object along with interferometric information, which can give mechanical data for the object. This can be used for example for visualization and to give tactile and haptic information to a virtual reality system about how the object would be perceived by a person touching it.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Torgny E., et al.
(författare)
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Method for fringe enhancement in holographic interferometry for measurement of in-plane displacements
- 1998
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 0003-6935 .- 1539-4522. ; 37:10, s. 1845-1848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretical background along with experimental results are given for a simple method for in-plane fringe enhancement in dual-beam illumination holographic interferometry. In this method, the fringes representing in-plane displacements arise as a moirépattern between two interferograms. To distinguish the in-plane displacement, a sequence of images is recorded while the reference mirror is continuously tilted at random. The in-plane fringes arethen found as the maximum contrast of the out-of-plane fringes in the image sequence. The resulting fringe quality is close to the quality of the out-of-plane fringes.
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